What were the early colonial policies of Spain and Portugal?

Portugal and Spain are also famous colonial empires in history. Do you know what their colonial policy is? The following is what I shared about the early colonial policies of Spain and Portugal. Let's have a look.

Introduction to the Early Colonial Policies of Spain and Portugal

The establishment of the Portuguese Oriental Colonial Empire Since the15th century, the Portuguese have established many strongholds in Guinea, Congo, Angola and other places on the west coast of Africa. /kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, it occupied Mozambique, Sofala, Kilwa and other places along the coast of East Africa, and used these strongholds as supply stations for the route from Western Europe to the East. In order to control the route from Africa to India, Portugal seized Suo Cautrat and Hormuz, which were the key points of the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. 15 10 captured goa and established its own colonial headquarters in the east. Then invaded Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Malacca was captured in 15 1 1 year. Later, it invaded Wu Di, Dammam and Mumbai on the west coast of India. Commercial stations have also been established in Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan and Moluccas (now Maluku Islands). Seize China and Macau as the trade center of East Asia.

Why can a small Portuguese invade an Asian country with a high degree of civilization and no shortage of manpower and material resources? The reasons are as follows: First, Portugal has a powerful navy, and its naval gun and shooting technology are unparalleled in the world, enabling Portugal to defeat the forces of Arab businessmen and thus control the Indian Ocean. Second, it takes advantage of India's internal weaknesses.

Portugal has its limitations: it is not good at land warfare and has limited manpower, so it failed to conquer the Indian subcontinent and can only control coastal strongholds.

The Portuguese also intervened in the new American continent. 1500 invasion of America. This year, the Portuguese king sent Cabral to lead an expedition to India, but under the impact of ocean currents, he drifted to South America and landed in Brazil, so Brazil became the territory of Portugal.

Spain's colonial conquest of Central and South America The colonies established by Spain overseas are much larger than those established by Portugal, mainly in the New World of America. The New World is rich in gold and silver, which is equivalent to or more valuable than oriental spices, so Spain will focus on this. 1564? 157 1 The invasion and conquest of the Philippine Islands was an extension of Spanish colonial power in America to the southwest corner of the Pacific Ocean.

15 19, Spanish aristocrat hernando? Cortez left Cuba, which had been conquered ten years ago, to explore the Aztec Empire, an Indian on the North American continent, and began the period of mainland colonial conquest.

Francisco was the leader of Spain's conquest of the Inca Empire? Pizarro got the right to invade the Pacific coast south of Panama from the king of Spain and became the ruler of Peru in advance. 153 1 year, he and his four brothers led an expeditionary force to invade the Inca empire. 1532165438+1October15, and his team arrived in Maka, Katia. The next day, Tabar Ba, the ruler of the Inca, came to attend the meeting at the invitation of Pizarro, but the latter caught the unarmed man? The emperor? , kill? The emperor? Many of his followers. This one? The emperor? Forced to pay a large amount of gold and silver as ransom. Pizarro was killed treacherously? The emperor? . After defeating the Indian resistance, Pizarro entered? Empire? The capital, Cuzco, was looted. The Inca Empire was also conquered by Spain. 1535, Lima was established as the capital of Peru.

By 1550, Spain had conquered all South America, all Central America and some North America except Portuguese Brazil. 1565, Spain conquered Florida and established the first colony in North America.

Native Indians are the basic inhabitants of this empire. There are two different opinions on how to treat Indians. Conquerors and their descendants advocated the rule of local lords based on forced Indian labor. But the powerful Catholic Church opposed Domingo's monastic Tourasse? Casas declared that Indians are also subjects of the king, and should enjoy the rights of Spanish subjects, and Europeans should support themselves. Therefore, a compromise system was established: the local colonial authorities had the right to regularly draw taxes from Indian villages, and they could force Indians to perform corvee under the condition of paying corresponding wages. 1500? During the period of 1650, the amount of gold and silver flowing from America to Spain was amazing: silver 16000 tons and gold 180 tons.

In the western colonies, animal husbandry and agriculture developed. The ranch used Indian laborers, and they actually became serfs. Large plantations use black slaves trafficked from Africa to produce single crops.

From the beginning, Spain carried out a short-sighted policy of killing geese that lay golden eggs and greedily searched for gold and silver wealth in America.

Spain's backward domestic industry, coupled with the backward shipping industry, led to the economic forces of the Netherlands and Britain infiltrating into the American western colonies. The Netherlands and Britain, two countries with increasingly developed industries and shipping industries, not only exported industrial products to the American western colonies with their own ships, but also almost monopolized the import of industrial products from the American western colonies.

What is the difference between the early colonial policies of Spain and Portugal?

Spain and Portugal were the first to embark on the road of colonialism. After colonial plunder, Spain almost monopolized America and established a colonial empire in the New World. Portugal's sphere of influence includes most parts of Africa and Asia, and established the Oriental colonial empire. They are the same in brutally killing colonial people and plundering colonial wealth. But there are also differences in its colonial policy:

1. Deceptive trade is an important means for Portugal to plunder African colonies. They shipped industrial products from Europe that can be mass-produced, sold them to local residents at high prices, and then forced them to buy local valuables at low prices and transport them back to Europe, from which they obtained high profits of several times to dozens of times. In addition, Portugal regards looting and slave trade as important means of profiteering. In Asia, do the Portuguese practice it? Gunboat policy? After capturing a place, as a bridgehead for plundering colonies, it monopolized the Indian Ocean trade by controlling shipping points, and monopolized the eastern trade from then on.

2. Spain's policy towards the United States is to maintain colonial rule. Politically, it established a set of institutions in the mainland and colonies to strengthen its control over the colonies; The Catholic Church was also established to strengthen the spiritual slavery of the colonial people. Economically, they set up large real estate, plantations or mines, forced Indians and blacks to cultivate land and mine minerals, and brutally exploited them.

Guess you are interested in:

1. What is the reason for the rise of Portugal?

2. How did the Portuguese Empire develop?

3. What was the Spanish Empire like in history?

4. How did the British colonial expansion proceed?

5. How did the British colonial expansion proceed?

6. Why does Britain always colonize and expand?