The history of Argentina?

From the appearance of human beings on Argentine soil (Neolithic Age of 8000-7000 BC) to the beginning of16th century, many Indian tribes lived here. But since Columbus discovered America, it has lost its former tranquility. In l530, Spanish Capote led a fleet to La Plata, parana river, Paraguay and the Bicomayo River. 1535, the Spanish explorer Mendoza led a fleet of 2,500 people to come here again and built the Buenos Aires Castle for the first time on the right bank of the La Plata River. Mendoza was appointed governor of the new Spanish territory; Subsequently, Spanish generals Golas and Irrera led their troops upstream along the Paraguay River, and established the city of Asunció n in 1537, and developed outward on this basis, successively establishing Santa Fe City (1573), Corrantes City (1588) and Buenos Aires City (1537). Since the establishment of Asunció n Castle, Spanish troops gathered in Peru and Bolivia have started a new conquest. Spanish troops led by Spanish generals Lima and Potosi entered Argentina, and successively established Santiago de Escolo (1553), Mendoza (15 1), San Juan (1562) and Tuku Mancheng (1565). At the end of 16, Argentina formed two colonial centers: one in pampas (centered on Buenos Aires and Santa Fe); The other is at the foot of the Andes. Spanish colonists established the same administrative organization as other colonies here, established the feudal manor-style appointment system economically, and formed a privileged group-the big farmer class, which became the real dominator of the colony. 1776, the Spanish royal family established the Governor of La Plata in Buenos Aires, which was directly under the jurisdiction of the royal family.

18l0 In May, the long-simmering struggle for independence finally began under the impact of the French Revolution. On May 25th, 250 Buenos Aires rebels led by Spark Club gathered in the city council wearing blue and white ribbons. They dismissed the vice governor and submitted their opinions and personnel list to the Council. In this way, the first Committee of the interim government of La Plata, including Uruguay, Paraguay and Bolivia, came into being. Savidra was appointed as chairman and Moreno as secretary. The square where people gathered in those years was called "May Square", and May 25th was designated as the anniversary of the founding of Argentina.

However, overthrowing colonial rule does not mean the beginning of peace and construction. The domestic opposition in Argentina is becoming more and more serious, especially between the capital Buenos Aires and the provinces, and between conservatives and liberals. As a result, the capital of Argentina changed l 2 times in the previous six years, and the country was unstable and not unified for a long time. Just as the local factions in Argentina advocated that the central government should not be established prematurely, and the central faction advocated strengthening the provisional parliament, the separatists in Paraguay, Bolivia and Uruguay revolted one after another and left the new Argentine Federation. 18 12, the national hero general San Martin led the armed struggle against the Spanish colonial army and made outstanding contributions to defending Argentina's independence. 1865438+On March 25th, 2006, the Congress of La Plata finally opened in Tucumá n. On July 9th, the United Province of La Plata declared its independence. 1826, the "United Province of La Plata" was reorganized into the Federal Republic of Argentina. Rivadavia was the first president (from 1826 to 1827). However, the contradictions among various factions in China finally brought Rojas to power. During the 23 years when the dictator was in power, he adopted territorial expansion abroad and extreme terror policies at home. He preached cult of personality, slaughtered Indians and plundered land and wealth everywhere. 1852 On February 3rd, his regime was finally overthrown. On May 1 day of the same year, General urqui Za convened a constitutional conference, formulated a national unified constitution, established a new federal republic, and urqui Za became president. 1862, the federal provinces elected Mitre as president, ending the long-term turmoil and division after Argentine independence and becoming a formally unified country.

Since the middle of19th century, a large number of European immigrants have entered Argentina. During the reign of Samisto and arbilla Neda after Mitre, a series of reforms aimed at developing economy, culture and education were implemented, which improved the Argentine economy in an all-round way. However, the independence of Argentina has not brought security and stability to the country. The war between foreign countries and Paraguay, and the domestic competition for land resources with Indians, have caused continuous civil wars. At the same time, British capital began to invade Argentina in large numbers. They built railways, farms and pastures. By 1909, British investment in Argentina had reached 8.75 billion francs.

With the new political and economic changes in Argentina, various labor organizations and political parties came into being. They not only put forward their own theoretical programs, but also criticized the government's wrong policies until they launched armed riots. 1930, Uriburu staged a coup, established a military government and severely suppressed the opposition party. Since then, until the outbreak of the Second World War, Argentina has changed four presidents, and there has been a situation in which soldiers and literati alternate in power.

1946 In February, Peron, the leader of the Justice Movement, was elected President of Argentina and put forward Peronism with the slogan of "social justice, political sovereignty and economic independence". Since 1946, his government has formulated the "First Five-Year Plan" for the development of domestic industries, which has enabled oil, textile and coal industries to develop to a certain extent. In terms of social welfare, Peron has taken some reform measures and put forward slogans such as "mutual benefit between employers and employees" and "fairness". 1955 In September, Peron was overthrown in the rebellion of the three armed forces. General Ronaldi, who led the rebellion, became president. In June165438+1October of the same year, Ronaldi was overthrown by another military leader, Alambru. Since then, Argentina has changed six presidents. 1973, Peron, once in exile, came to power again. He tried to curb inflation and rebuild Argentina's economy, but his ambition failed, so he died in July 1974, and his second wife Isabel succeeded him as president. At this time, the domestic situation in Argentina is becoming more and more chaotic. 1976 In March, another military coup was led by Vidra, commander-in-chief of the army, and the military ruling committee took over the political power. 198 1 65438 February, galtieri became president. 1In April 1982, the Arab-British armed conflict broke out in the Malvinas Islands (Falkland Islands). After the defeat of the war, the military government was forced to hand over power in advance. 1983, radical party candidate Alfonsin became the new president. While strengthening the government's control over the army, he emphasized national unity, openness and democracy. 1989 In May, Justice Party candidate Menem was elected President of Argentina. President Menem has taken a series of measures to further realize domestic political stability and economic development. During the period of 1992, the Afghan government paid close attention to the implementation of reform and opening up, vigorously promoted the neo-liberal policy, and maintained sustained and stable economic growth and political stability.

Tango:

When it comes to Argentina, it's about tango. The tango that stirs the soul is the quintessence of Argentina and is synonymous with Argentina. Tango is an art that combines music, dance, singing and poetry, that is, they are both singing and dancing. At the beginning of tango, immigrant men often practiced this impromptu dance together during the day, and at night, they would go to pubs or brothels to find women to dance. Their partners are mostly dusty women, who often get along with men for a while and then leave, so the early tango dance is regarded as a duel for women. At the end of the dance, it is usually used to symbolize that their rival in love has been killed. Later, with the changes of the times, tango evolved into a style in which men showed their masculinity in front of women. He expressed true love. The relationship between tango and love can be seen from the complicated dance steps of dancers, and the advance and retreat can be described as "thrilling". Love, an eternal theme, with this tango that fights for dominance with its limbs, naturally turns its heart after confrontation.

Yo-Yo Ma, who participated in the recording of Memories of Tango and Soul of Tango, once said, "Tango is not just a note. These performers show the characteristics of freedom, enthusiasm and cheerfulness of tango, which makes them so outstanding. ..... Argentina's founding experience made tango the soul of Argentina. When people are forbidden to express themselves, music has always been another way of expression.