Who can introduce Shenzhen to me?

Shenzhen, which is connected with the landscape of Hong Kong, is a beautiful ecological garden seaside city on the south coast of China. Shenzhen is full of sunshine and modernization, with coordinated economic and social development and harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

Shenzhen, full of passion for reform and innovation, is a pioneer city in China's reform and opening up. In a short period of 27 years, it has developed from a small fishing village into a modern city with the first GDP per capita in China, creating a miracle of urbanization, industrialization and modernization in the world.

Shenzhen is an increasingly international city with no distance from the world. As the first special economic zone in China, Shenzhen has been open to the outside world since 1980, and it is one of the main gateways for China to communicate with the world. Shenzhen has land, sea and air ports 17, including the largest land passenger port and freight port in China. 20 1 1 year, the 26th Summer Universiade will be held here, which is the youngest host city in the history of the Games.

Shenzhen is a city with profound cultural heritage, full of innovation and fashion. The history of Shenzhen can be traced back to more than 5000 years ago, but the development history of Shenzhen as a modern city is only 27 years. Over the past 27 years, all rivers flow into Shenzhen, forming an innovative spirit and immigrant culture of "encouraging innovation and pursuing Excellence". With about 530,000 volunteers in various forms, Shenzhen is the most active city in China. Shenzhen has a high level of government services and is one of the "Top Ten Cities Most Popular with Migrant Workers" in China.

Shenzhen, striding towards the world with a youthful attitude, warmly welcomes you.

Shenzhen is the first special economic zone initiated by the great man Deng Xiaoping in China. After 27 years of construction and development, Shenzhen has developed from a former border town into a modern new city with considerable scale and certain international influence.

■ Geographical location

Shenzhen is a coastal city in the south of China, adjacent to Hongkong. Located in the south of the Tropic of Cancer, east longitude 1 13 46' to1/4 37', north latitude 22 27' to 22 52'. Located in the south of Guangdong Province, on the east bank of the Pearl River Estuary, bordering Daya Bay and Dapeng Bay in the east; West of the Pearl River Estuary and Lingdingyang; The Shenzhen River in the south is connected with Hong Kong; It borders Dongguan and Huizhou in the north. The vast sea area connects the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean.

■ Natural resources

The total land area of Shenzhen is 1952.84 km2, of which the area of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone is 395.8 1 km2.

There are more than 0/60 rivers in the city, belonging to Dongjiang River, Bay and Pearl River Estuary. There are 24 reservoirs in the city with a total storage capacity of 525 million cubic meters. Shenzhen Reservoir is located in the east of the city, with a total storage capacity of more than 40 million cubic meters, which is the main source of domestic water for Shenzhen and Hong Kong residents.

With a coastline of 230 kilometers, Shenzhen is rich in marine resources, with excellent bay ports and excellent sea conditions. The territory of mountains, beautiful scenery, the highest peak of 943.7 meters. In the east, there are great and small Meisha, Dapeng Peninsula country forest and other golden coastline scenery, while in the west, there are abundant natural tourism resources such as mangroves, Neilingding Island Nature Reserve and maritime pastoral scenery.

■ Administrative divisions

Shenzhen is a sub-provincial city under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province, China. Shenzhen Special Economic Zone is within its jurisdiction. There are six administrative districts in Shenzhen. Luohu District, Futian District, Nanshan District and Yantian District are located in the special economic zones, while Baoan District and Longgang District are located outside the special economic zones. In 2006, the number of people entering the special economic zone through the management line was 378 million; 1. 1 100 million vehicles. There are 5/kloc-0 sub-district offices and 620 neighborhood committees in the city.

■ Population composition

Since the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, immigrants have settled in Shenzhen, and the population has increased rapidly since the city was built. At the end of 2006, the resident population was 8,464,300, of which the registered population was1968,300; The non-registered population is 6.496 million, accounting for 76.7%. The population density is 4334 people per square kilometer. The average life expectancy of Shenzhen people is 76.7 1 year, which exceeds that of some developed countries. With a population of more than 360,000 ethnic minorities, Shenzhen is the second largest city in China with 56 ethnic groups after Beijing.

■ Immigrant culture

As a window of reform and opening up and a new immigrant city, combined with the unique geographical and human environment, Shenzhen's culture is open, inclusive and innovative, and it is the most dynamic capital suitable for talented officials at home and abroad to start businesses. In recent years, Shenzhen has been selected as "the most economically dynamic city" and "the most popular city for migrant workers" in China by relevant media organizations and professional survey companies.

■ Language and Writing

Mandarin is the local mainstream language in Shenzhen. Most public service organizations, professionals and enterprises can provide services in English, and most teenagers can speak English. There are also many talented and well-educated bilingual or trilingual professionals in Shenzhen. The city is carrying out the "One Million Citizens Speak Foreign Languages Campaign" to improve the foreign language penetration rate of public services and improve the citizens' foreign language communication ability.

■ Climatic conditions

Shenzhen has a subtropical maritime climate with sunny weather and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is 22.4℃, the frost-free period is 355 days, the annual average rainfall is 1933.3 mm, and the sunshine is 2 120.5 hours, which is suitable for tourism all year round.

■ Urban construction

After 27 years of construction and development, the construction of municipal infrastructure such as roads, lighting, sanitation, greening, drainage and transportation in Shenzhen has begun to take shape, the management level is improving day by day, and the urban functions tend to be perfect. The urban built-up area is 7 19.88 square kilometers. In 2006, the investment in urban infrastructure was 40.784 billion yuan, an increase of 23.9% over the previous year. The city's tap water penetration rate reached 100%.

■ Environmental protection

The environmental protection work in Shenzhen advocates the concept of "giving priority to the environment and putting people first" to ensure that citizens can breathe fresh air, drink clean water and eat safe food. In 2006, the overall environmental quality maintained a good level. The harmless treatment rate of domestic garbage is 93.7%. The water quality compliance rate of the main drinking water source reservoir is 98. 1%. The compliance rate of industrial wastewater discharge is 96.2%. The number of days to reach Grade I and Grade II air quality is 359 days. The total area of regional environmental noise reaching the standard is 399.46 square kilometers.

In order to encourage citizens to participate in environmental protection, Shenzhen has set up the "Shenzhen Citizen Environmental Protection Award" since 2004. In the five years from 2006 to 20 10, Shenzhen will invest 25 billion yuan to carry out 294 projects in 10 fields, including water, atmosphere, noise and solid waste.

■ Eco-garden city with beautiful environment

Shenzhen has a fresh and beautiful urban natural environment. The green coverage rate of the built-up areas in the city is 45%, the forest coverage rate is 47.6%, the per capita public green area is 16.0 1 square meter, and the total area of 442 parks is13,240.40 hectares. Shenzhen was rated as an international "Garden City" by authoritative organizations at home and abroad, and one of the "Top 500 Global Environmental Protection" of the United Nations.

Shenzhen is a city of parks. At present, there are more than 400 parks, scenic spots and forest parks in the city. By 20 10, the total number of forest parks in the city will reach 17, accounting for 22.03% of the city's land area.

■ China is the city with the highest comprehensive index of urban quality of life.

In 2005, the Beijing Institute of International Urban Development published the Report on the Quality of Life in China, and evaluated the quality of life index of 100 key cities in China. The city with the highest quality of life is Shenzhen.

■ An international city in the Asia-Pacific region adjacent to Hong Kong

Shenzhen is only 45 minutes' drive from Hong Kong Island. It will take about 15 years for Shenzhen to become an important regional international city on the basis of basically realizing socialist modernization.

At present, there are more than 6.5438+0.3 million foreigners working and living in Shenzhen for a long time, and the internationalization of Shenzhen is getting stronger and stronger. These foreigners come from11countries, mainly representatives of foreign enterprises in China, personnel of foreign-funded enterprises, cultural and educational personnel and international students. In 2005, more than 3.4 million foreigners entered through Shenzhen Port. About 5% of the housing area in Shenzhen is owned by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan residents and foreigners.

Shenzhen-Hong Kong cooperation

Shenzhen and Hong Kong are linked by mountains and rivers, and their economies are interdependent. They are closely related to history and nature. For a long time, poultry, eggs, fish, meat, vegetables and fresh milk in the Hong Kong market mainly come from Shenzhen. Dongjiang water supplied to Hong Kong through Shenzhen Reservoir reaches more than 1 1 100 million cubic meters every year; Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station transmits electricity to Hong Kong; Hong Kong capital has always been the main source of investment in Shenzhen, accounting for more than 70% of the actual foreign investment in Shenzhen; Many companies in Shenzhen are listed on the Growth Enterprise Market in Hong Kong.

In recent years, the Shenzhen Municipal Government has put forward the cooperative concept of "learning from Hong Kong and serving Hong Kong", and the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Government has established a consultation and communication mechanism on major issues. The cooperation between ports and cross-border infrastructure has been continuously strengthened, and the cooperation in the fields of economy, trade, science and technology, education, finance and tourism has been continuously deepened. In April 2007, the third phase of Shenzhen River Regulation Project jointly managed by Shenzhen and Hong Kong raised the flood control standard of Shenzhen River Basin to once every 50 years. The Shenzhen-Hong Kong Western Corridor, which was officially completed and opened to traffic in July 2007, will link Shenzhen and Hong Kong more closely.

■ Respected and civilized city

Shenzhen is strengthening the construction of urban humanistic spirit in an all-round way, taking the realization of people's interests as the first pursuit, stimulating people's creativity, respecting people's rights and realizing people's interests to the maximum. Shenzhen citizens enjoy more and more cultural rights and cultural welfare. By improving public cultural facilities and carrying out public cultural activities, the civilized quality of Shenzhen citizens has been comprehensively improved. For example, the "Shenzhen Reading Month" activity has been integrated into the life of every Shenzhen citizen and has become an effective carrier to meet their spiritual and cultural needs and realize their cultural rights. This city is respected by the world for its reading. Shenzhen also holds "Caring Action" every year to mobilize the whole society to help the disadvantaged and needy. Shenzhen's urban civilization index and citizen care action index are increasing year by year. Shenzhen has been rated as "National Double Support Model City" for three consecutive times. In 2005, it was named "Top Ten Civilized Cities in China".

Volunteer worker

There are about 200 charitable organizations including volunteer organizations in Shenzhen, with about 530,000 volunteers in various forms. Founded in 1990, Shenzhen Volunteers Union is the earliest volunteer organization and team in China. The youngest is only 14 years old and the oldest is 78 years old. On average, he is engaged in more than 30 service projects in 16 category every day. It has become the fashion of Shenzhen people to "find volunteers if you have difficulties and have time to volunteer".

Archaeological results show that as early as 6700 years ago in the middle of Neolithic Age, there were aborigines living on the land of Shenzhen. The urban history of Shenzhen has been 1673 years.

■ the origin of place names (AD 14 10)

The place name "Shenzhen" first appeared in historical records in 14 10 (the eighth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty), which was built in the early years of Qing Dynasty. The local dialect usually calls the ridge ditch "town" or "surge". Shenzhen is named for its dense Shui Ze and deep ditch beside the village.

Shenzhen is also called Pengcheng.

■ Historical evolution

Baiyue tribe (prehistoric-2 BC14 years)

During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Shenzhen was a foothold of Baiyue tribe's voyage to the West. The people living in the dune valley along the coast of Shenzhen are the Nanyue tribe, a branch of Baiyue tribe. They make a living by fishing and sailing, and seldom cultivate the land.

Qin Huang established a county (2 14 BC-33 1 year).

After Qin Shihuang unified China, he set up Nanhai, Guilin and Xiang Jun counties in Lingnan in 2 14 BC, and relocated 500,000 people for development. Shenzhen, which belonged to Nanhai County at that time, was integrated into the Central Plains culture.

The Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 33 1- 1573) established counties.

The earliest predecessor of Shenzhen was Baoan County. As a county organization, security began in 33 1 year (six years in Xianhe, Eastern Jin Dynasty). Dongguan County, located in six counties under the jurisdiction of the imperial court, probably covers today's Shenzhen, Dongguan and Hong Kong. The county is in Baoan County (Nantou).

In the Song Dynasty, Shenzhen was an important hub of southern maritime trade, rich in salt and spices. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was also famous for producing pearls. A.D. 1394 (twenty-seven years of Ming Hongwu), Dongguan Garrison Thousand Houses and Dapeng Garrison Thousand Houses were established in today's Shenzhen.

The ancient city of Nantou, with a history of more than 600 years, was the political center of Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao before the end of Qing Dynasty.

Xin 'an Ancient City (A.D. 1573- 184 1)

The predecessor of Shenzhen used to be Xin 'an County.

In A.D. 1573, the Ming government of China expanded the garrison base of thousands of households in Dongguan, established Xin 'an County, and built a county to govern Nantou, covering the present Shenzhen and Hong Kong. The economy is dominated by salt, tea, spices and rice.

Division of county boundaries (AD 1842- 1898)

From July 1842 to April 1898, the Chinese, British and Qing governments successively signed the treaty of nanking, the Beijing Treaty and the Special Provisions for Expanding the Territory of Hong Kong, and Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories were ceded and leased to Britain. So far, of the 3,076 square kilometers of land originally belonging to Xin 'an County,1055,438+0 square kilometers are not within its jurisdiction, and Shenzhen and Hong Kong have been divided and ruled since then.

Renamed Baoan (AD1913-1979)

19 13 years (in the third year of the Republic of China), Xin 'an County in Guangdong Province was renamed Bao 'an County, and the county administration was still in Nantou.

County Administrative Migration (AD 1938- 1953)

During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Nantou fell, and the Baoan county government temporarily moved to Dongguan county.

1953, because Shenzhen is connected with the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway, with a large population and prosperous industry and commerce, Zhidong in Baoan County moved to the Shenzhen market, which is 0/0 km away from Nantou/kloc.

■ Shenzhen Jianshi (AD 1979)

1In March, 979, the central authorities and Guangdong Province decided to change Baoan County into Shenzhen City, under the dual leadership of Guangdong Province and Huiyang District. 165438+ 10 In October, the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee decided to change Shenzhen into a provincial capital city. 1In August, 980, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) approved the establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. 1981March, Shenzhen was upgraded to a sub-provincial city. 1988165438+10. In October, the State Council approved Shenzhen as a city under separate state planning, and granted it the economic management authority equivalent to the provincial level. 1In February, 1992, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) granted the Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress, its Standing Committee and the municipal government the power to formulate local regulations.

In 2004, Shenzhen became a city without rural areas.