The Development of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period

Qi's Industry and Commerce and Foreign Exchange

■ Li Yingsen Wang Chenggang Xiuzhu

Generally speaking, China's traditional economy and culture are characterized by attaching importance to agriculture and restraining business, or emphasizing the essence and restraining the end.

Qi in the pre-Qin period was not like this.

At the beginning of the founding of New China, Jiang Qi was faced with the following specific conditions: a small population and a narrow land, with fish and salt in the offshore.

Li, mountainous Sangmarao; Located in the traffic artery, often on business trips, etc. These customers mentioned above

The viewing conditions and geographical environment at that time undoubtedly prompted Qi to develop in the direction of industrial and commercial economy.

Therefore, starting from the specific national conditions, Jiang Taigong correctly formulated the "industry and commerce, fish industry"

The benefits of salt "; The basic national policy of "persuading female workers to perform unique skills" and vigorously developing industrial and commercial economy,

As a result, a brand-new coastal industrial and commercial economic development model has been constructed. This economic model makes Qi people

Looking at the distance, the vast areas outside Qi and many vassal States are included in this book.

China's economic development system. History has proved that Qi's industrial and commercial open economy has indeed been achieved.

The goal of strengthening the country and enriching the people has been achieved. According to historical records, Taigong made outstanding contributions when he was alive, and Qi wore clothes and shoes.

The world has become a big country in the East.

In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, Huan Gong ascended the throne, and Guan Zhong was in harmony. At this time, the objective and external conditions of Qi State

Great changes have taken place in the environment, and agricultural production has become one of the main economic sectors of Qi State.

One. Nevertheless, the "industry and commerce" advocated by Jiang Taigong has not been weakened.

And can inherit and carry forward innovation. According to Historical Records Biography of Huo Zhi: (Taigong)

After the decline of the mid-Qi Dynasty, the management was repaired and nine palaces were established. Therefore, the Duke of Huan will dominate, and the nine kings will stand together.

"Qi Taigong Family" also contains: "Huan Gong has Guan Zhong, but? Ming and Gao

Repair the national government, even the soldiers of the five ethnic groups, and collect the benefits of light and heavy fish and salt. ""Mandarin Qiyu "and cloud:

"Tong Qi fish and salt are in Donglai, which makes Guan's family light and not levy, thinking that the princes benefit and the princes are vast."

Visible, at this time of qi in agriculture, industry and commerce on the basis of highly developed, its goods by.

Economy and foreign trade have developed rapidly.

Take salt for example. From the perspective of social demand, salt has a broad market; From the objective conditions.

You see, inland vassal States seldom produce salt, while Qi is surrounded by the sea on three sides, which is inexhaustible.

Inexhaustible natural resources; Judging from the way of salt production, when Taigong was founded, the production technology was backward.

Salt is mainly obtained by natural evaporation, with long cycle and low yield. By the Spring and Autumn Period, it had been invented.

The technology of boiling salt in seawater is introduced. Boiling salt can make water evaporate quickly, with short production cycle and simple operation.

Ok, the output has also been improved accordingly. Therefore, Qi Huangong ordered every winter vacation.

"cut wages, boil water and add salt ... 10, as for the first month, it took 36,000 minutes to turn into salt",

"He tried his best to feed the Liang of Zhao, Song, Wei and Puyang."

Salt is exported to landlocked countries in exchange for "one thousand pounds of gold" and then bought back with this huge sum of money.

The grain will take another ten million minutes, and then through the grain monopoly, one in and one out will make a profit of one million.

By developing production, Qi not only promoted import and export trade and the economy and culture of surrounding areas.

Exchange, but also foreign trade as an auxiliary means of political, military and diplomatic activities, and Wade,

Conquer the world and make Qi the first of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Take the textile industry as an example. It has always been called the Qi country with developed textile industry. By the Warring States period,

Textile technology is more advanced, product quality is improved, and color is more exquisite. Qi can not only

Produce Luo, Wan, yarn, etc. Such as a large number of silk fabrics, and can produce more exquisite brocade and silk.

Nearly 20 kinds of fine products such as He Miaomiao and Wenxiu Compilation Group have become important material resources for expanding export trade.

Everyone knows Zhang Qian's feat of connecting the western regions and opening up the Silk Road. Qi was long before the Warring States Period,

It has begun to develop the "Maritime Silk Road" in the East and overseas trade. This road is

It was spontaneously developed by businessmen or immigrants from all over the country, so it has the characteristics of openness and decentralization.

Unlike the Silk Road on land, officials sent foreign countries to western countries to handle state affairs.

Exchange, but by the coastal Zhifu (Yantai), Penglai, Haiyang, Laoshan (Qingdao?

Jun (Jiaonan County), Haiyang, Chishan (Shidao) and other ports, crossing Changshan Islands to Dada in the north.

Even, then turn to the southeast, go south along the west coast of Korea, and reach Japanese slaves through cheju strait.

(Japan). It was impossible because the sailing conditions at that time could not resist the stormy waves of the sea.

Cross the sea to Japan, you can only make a detour. In this way, the left-handed reflux drift of seawater can be used.

Transfer reduces labor consumption. At the same time, sailing along Dalian or the coast is also convenient to supplement food.

And fresh water. At the same time, Korean and Japanese businessmen also arrived in Qi along this route for trade.

For example, at that time, there was a re-export trade between Chinese, Japanese and Korean businessmen in Xiaogang fishing village.

Writing leather (tiger skin, leopard skin) trading activities.

Judging from historical records and archaeological excavations, this maritime Silk Road exists. Japan

In the 3rd-4th century BC, it was still in the period of rope culture (Neolithic Age in Japan), and there was no such thing.

There are copper, iron and textiles, but in the tombs of Sanhui Shujingyuan in Gaolai County, Zuohe County,

Textile funerary objects were unearthed, which was identified as the Japanese Yayoi culture period (equivalent to China's war period).

At the end of the country), and the longitude and latitude lines are very similar to the silk produced in Qi Dynasty. According to experts' inference,

This may be the original record left by Qi businessmen for the cultural exchange between China and Japan.

The Oriental Maritime Silk Road originated in Qi during the Warring States Period, developed in Qin and Han Dynasties, and prevailed in the world.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, it flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a friendly exchange and economic document between the people of China, Korea and Japan since ancient times.

Witness of cultural communication. So far, Japanese surnames such as Haneda, Hado, Yutai and An Tian have been published in Japanese.

The sound is "Eight Nights" (meaning "Weaver Girl"). They once proudly said that their ancestors had come.

Immigrants from China. Many Japanese make a living by picking mulberry, raising silkworms and spinning, so Japan is also known as Japan.

Fusang.

In a word, the "industry and commerce" established by Jiang Taigong and the foreign countries that developed with it.

Economic and cultural exchanges are unmatched by other vassal States in the same period, and its open policy is

Its advanced nature, the applicability of measures and the feasibility of decrees are also beyond the reach of other vassal States.