Problems and Countermeasures of Minimum Living Security System for Urban Residents in China

Rural Minimum Living Security System, Problems and Countermeasures

According to the latest statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, the rural population in China is 737 million, accounting for 56. 1% of the national population. By the end of 2006, there were 265,438+480,000 people living in absolute poverty and 35.5 million people living in low income in rural areas of China. At present, 2 133 counties (districts) in 25 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) have initially established the rural minimum living security system, and15.09 million farmers have enjoyed the rural minimum living security. However, there are still a series of problems in the implementation of the rural minimum living security system, which need to be solved by corresponding measures.

First, the rural "minimum living security" system in the implementation of the main problems

Misunderstanding. There is a big deviation between the number of people actually receiving subsistence allowances in some areas and the number of "subsistence allowances" approved by provincial transfer payments, mainly due to misunderstanding. In 2005, some provinces carried out rural tax and fee reform, and adopted provincial-level special payment subsidies to receive subsistence allowances. Because the towns and villages did not seriously implement the relevant provisions of rural subsistence allowances, the evaluation and certification of subsistence allowances did not work normally, resulting in a few people being thoroughly investigated, which affected their accurate verification. The main reason for this situation is that many grass-roots government workers do not know enough about the work of "subsistence allowances". Many local government departments believe that the work of "subsistence allowances" is important, but the economic development is relatively backward and the financial funds are insufficient. So, they are at a loss. Many people think that compared with urban residents, rural residents, who are also vulnerable groups, still have the means of production-land, while urban workers and laid-off workers have lost their jobs and lost any source of income. Therefore, there is no need to establish a minimum living security system in rural areas. It is believed that more money means more insurance, less money means less insurance, and no money means no insurance.

(B) the definition of "subsistence allowances" needs to be standardized. First of all, in the confirmation of the "minimum living allowance" qualification, the biggest problem is the lack of effective income audit means, or the hidden income problem is serious and difficult to monetize. Because rural residents' income in kind such as grain accounts for a considerable proportion, there is great randomness in the process of value transformation. Secondly, it is difficult to accurately calculate the personal income of farmers. In addition to the seasonal harvest of crops and the huge impact of natural disasters, the increase of migrant workers has also increased the instability of income. Because China mainly uses manual means to check the income in rural areas, it reflects that it is difficult to calculate the income of poor families in actual calculation, although there are methods provided by statistical departments to calculate the income of rural families. In some places, in order to obtain the minimum living security, there are serious adverse selection behaviors and moral hazard problems. They separate their elderly parents from their children, and their parents apply for the rural minimum living security alone, and at the same time push the legal obligation of support to the government.

(3) It is difficult to implement the minimum living guarantee funds undertaken by counties and townships. Although many areas have established a minimum living security system, they are financially tight. According to the survey, some county and township governments have a single source of funds for "subsistence allowances" and rely entirely on financial input. This is a key issue that restricts the overall promotion of the rural "minimum living security" work.

(D) The supporting measures of the rural minimum living security system are not perfect. From the survey results of some provinces and cities, most areas only pay attention to the implementation of the rural "minimum living security" system, and the corresponding supporting measures are not perfect. In terms of policy convergence, it conflicts with the family planning policy. For example, in a rural area of Shandong Province, rural residents who are poor due to super-birth are excluded from the rural minimum living allowance, which is beneficial to family planning, but there is a "fault" between the minimum living allowance system and China's family planning policy. According to the relevant regulations of the State Council, the subsidies for poor rural households are settled by the village public welfare fund. However, after the implementation of the subsistence allowance, the source of subsidies for the poor has expanded from the village public welfare fund to the township finance. In this way, it is inconsistent with the relevant provisions of the State Council.

Second, the countermeasures

(A) to determine a reasonable way to raise funds. There are two ways to raise funds for the rural minimum living security system. First, local finance at all levels and village collective economy are shared in a certain proportion. Second, it is entirely borne by the government finance. The latter method is more practical. Because except for the open coastal areas in eastern China, the collective economy in the central and western regions simply cannot afford the minimum living guarantee. Of course, the second method can be carried out in relatively developed areas such as coastal areas, and the two methods can be carried out simultaneously in the implementation process. The first method can be adopted in the central and western regions, and the second method can be adopted in relatively developed areas such as coastal areas, which can reduce the financial burden of the country.

(two) to enhance the awareness of rights protection of subsistence allowances. People who enjoy the "minimum living allowance" in rural areas are generally older or disabled. They don't understand the "minimum living allowance" system, and they take as much as the government gives them, and they have no awareness of rights protection. It can be seen that the implementation of the minimum living security system should not remain superficial, but should let the recipients know how much they should receive, and let them know that receiving the "minimum living security" is their right, not how much they want to give, so as to enhance their awareness of rights protection of the "minimum living security".

(3) Scientifically formulate the rural minimum living standard. All localities should, on the basis of careful investigation and study, calculate the per capita basic living expenses and annual per capita consumption level of the minimum living guarantee object according to the specific situation of this province. In order to make the people who enjoy the "minimum living allowance" in rural areas share the fruits brought about by economic development, the standard of minimum living guarantee line should be gradually adjusted with economic development. In order to establish the rural minimum living security system nationwide as soon as possible, the standard of the security line should be low at the initial stage, and then gradually adjusted with the improvement of farmers' living standards, the change of prices and the continuous progress of rural economy. The standard of the rural minimum living guarantee line should not only guarantee the minimum living of the rural poor, but also prevent the tendency of raising lazy people because of the high standard of protection.

(4) Establish and improve the rural "minimum living security" system, and link it with other systems: First, actively adjust and optimize the agricultural structure, promote agricultural industrialization, strengthen rural infrastructure construction, develop township enterprises, organize rural labor export, strive to increase farmers' income, and fundamentally eliminate the poverty problem of rural residents. The second is to establish an information service system and strengthen information management means. Governments at all levels should not only ensure that the funds for rural subsistence allowances are fully in place, but also allocate enough funds for network facilities and personnel, ensure the informationization of rural subsistence allowances, establish rural subsistence allowances information networks, and strive to improve the efficiency and quality of rural subsistence allowances. At the same time, the rural minimum living security system should be connected with other systems to prevent conflicts and contradictions with other systems.

First, the grassroots work force is very weak. Most towns and villages in Quanzhou do not have full-time civil affairs cadres, and even if they do, they hold several posts. The grassroots civil affairs team changes frequently and is out of touch, making it difficult to complete the increasingly heavy social assistance task.

Second, the determination of standards and objects is arbitrary and inaccurate. If the family living conditions are poor, the subsistence allowance standard is not necessarily high, and if the family living conditions are relatively good, the subsistence allowance standard is not necessarily low. The reasons for this phenomenon are not only taking care of relatives and friends, but also the low ability and quality of staff in operation, lack of understanding of policies, and nonstandard income verification, poverty judgment and evaluation procedures.

Third, the proportion of security is small (narrow scope) and the standard of security is low (low starting point). There is a big gap between the design of the current rural minimum living standard system and the current situation of poverty and low living standard in our state, and there are still a large number of difficult groups who cannot be included in the minimum living standard due to financial constraints.

Fourth, the problem of assistance to marginal households in rural areas (especially cities) has become increasingly prominent, and it is difficult to determine the target. The living standard of this part of the object is in the critical state of the minimum living guarantee, and it cannot be included in the minimum living guarantee according to the policy. However, families often fall into deep poverty due to illness, school and disaster, and cannot be included in the minimum living standard in time to obtain government assistance.

Fifth, in the process of implementing the rural minimum living security, there is a phenomenon that people provide security as a unit. This is an initial stopgap measure. With the continuous improvement of the system and the continuous enhancement of financial resources, it should be solved step by step or guaranteed by households.

Sixth, the dynamic management of rural subsistence allowances is difficult to implement.

Seventh, the documents and materials of rural subsistence allowances are incomplete, and it is very difficult to handle the examination and approval procedures for subsistence allowances.

How to further implement this project of benefiting the people by virtue in combination with the actual situation in our state? The author believes that in the current situation of large poverty, large number of people to be insured and insufficient local financial resources, we should highlight key points and do a good job in six aspects.

First, we must effectively increase publicity. Publicize the policy of subsistence allowances in various forms, in all directions and in depth, so that the masses, especially those in difficulty, can understand the conditions and procedures for applying for rural subsistence allowances, the calculation method of family income, the required documents and materials, etc.

The second is to master the principle of advancement. At the initial stage of implementation, the system design should adhere to the principles of starting with low standards, small-scale assistance and gradual expansion. With the development of economy and the enhancement of financial resources, we should raise the security standard in a timely manner, appropriately expand the scope of security, gradually solve the problems of "determining people by money", "low standard and narrow scope" in rural subsistence allowances, and gradually realize the goal of ensuring all coverage. At the same time, problems that can be solved, such as rural five-guarantee support, special care, poverty alleviation, victim assistance, immigrant assistance and temporary assistance, should not be solved in rural subsistence allowances to alleviate the pressure on rural subsistence allowances. Rural subsistence allowances, like urban subsistence allowances, should adhere to territorial management, dynamic management, classified insurance and remedial assistance.

The third is to control the objects and standards of protection. The ultimate goal of implementing the rural minimum living security system is to include the rural poor who live together with their family members, have an annual per capita income lower than the minimum living security standard where they are registered, and hold local permanent residence accounts, so as to achieve wide coverage of rural minimum living security and let more rural poor people enjoy the minimum living security treatment. However, in the face of the huge number of recipients at present, we should first protect five categories of absolute poor people, such as sick, disabled, old and weak, lacking or low working ability and poor living conditions. In the specific operation, it is necessary to make overall arrangements, make reasonable plans, and provide security schemes in stages, batches and proportions to prevent the blind expansion of the scope of protection from affecting the sustainable operation of the rural minimum living security system. The determination of the security standard should be based on local financial resources and basic living, and in principle it should not be lower than the absolute poverty line announced by the state.

The fourth is to standardize the management. The civil affairs department is responsible for the approval of the security object, the issuance of security funds and the daily management. It is scientific, reasonable and simple to standardize the working procedures of individual application, democratic appraisal, township (town) verification and county-level examination and approval, especially to pay more attention to villagers' democratic appraisal and the investigation and determination of the actual living standards of low-income families. There are both rules to follow and standardized management mode of sunshine operation. In the distribution of funds, it can be connected with the farmers' network established by finance, with special funds for special purposes and closed operation, and socialized distribution can be implemented to realize resource sharing and ensure the safety of funds.

Fifth, continuously improve the quality of serving the people. Adhere to the people-oriented, comrades at all levels who are specifically engaged in this work should be more considerate of the actual difficulties of the masses, take the initiative to go to the door to handle all kinds of necessary ID cards, household registration books and other documents for them, and solve problems for the people in need.

Sixth, it is necessary to establish urban and rural minimum living security management institutions. Ensure the relative stability of the team and appropriately increase the staffing according to the business volume. At the same time, according to a certain proportion of the total amount of rural subsistence allowances, arrange subsistence allowances. Provide basic guarantee for promoting urban and rural subsistence allowances.