Ask God for help in translating The Role of English in 2 1 century.

Two factors drive this global market. First, many manufactured goods contain one or more foreign ingredients. Ford and IBM are just two examples of this. Second, more than half of the import and export (what the government calls foreign trade) is between domestic companies and their foreign subsidiaries. The increasing globalization of the market forces companies to pay more attention to international development. Domestic enterprises are adjusting their structure and operation mode to adapt to the wider and rapidly changing economic environment. They are expanding their geographical scope because more suppliers and customers are distributed on all continents. For example, Johnson & Johnson sold more products outside the United States than in the United States last year. Like many companies, HP also suffered losses when the Asian economy collapsed. Joint ventures are no longer just theoretical possibilities. Mergers and acquisitions such as Chrysler/Daimler-Benz, MCI and BT are increasingly crossing national boundaries. This trend is expected to continue into the next millennium. This internationalization is manifested in three aspects. First, companies change their basic goals to adapt to the global market. Secondly, they adapt their products to the local market. But the most important thing is that they do not set up an international bureaucracy; Instead, they hire foreigners who know the local market. Why discuss economy in English? Because English is closely related to this economic modernization and industrial development. The speed of sending and receiving information is getting faster and faster. The government, industry and companies, whether national or transnational, have a competitive demand for technological progress, which requires an understanding of technical language English. In the past 40 years, the spread of English around the world is amazing. This is unprecedented in several aspects: more and more people use this language; Its depth of penetration into society; Through its functional scope. More than 65438+400 million people in the world live in countries where English has an official status. One fifth of the world's population can speak English skillfully to some extent. By the year 2000, one fifth of the population of one billion will also learn English. More than 70% scientists in the world read English. About 85% of the mail in the world is written in English. 90% of the information in the global electronic retrieval system is stored in English. By 20 10, the number of people who speak English as a second language or a foreign language will exceed that of native speakers. This trend will definitely affect language. English has more uses than ever before. Vocabulary, grammatical forms and ways of speaking and writing are influenced by the development of science and technology, economy and management, literature and entertainment types. About 1, 500 years ago, as a primitive language, it was originally used by unknown Germanic tribes who invaded England, and now it has spread all over the world. When Mexican pilots landed the plane in France, they used English with ground controllers. When German physicists want to alert the international scientific community to new discoveries, they first publish their findings in English. When Japanese executives do business with Scandinavian entrepreneurs, they negotiate in English. When pop singers write songs, they often use English lyrics or phrases. When demonstrators want to remind the world of their problems, they will display English slogans. Three factors continue to promote the spread of English: the use of English in science, technology and business; Ability to absorb words from other languages; And the acceptability of various English dialects. In science, after World War II, English replaced German. With this technological and scientific advantage, a comprehensive language advantage began, first in Europe and then globally. Today, the information age has replaced the industrial age, compressing time and distance. This is making the world economy shift from industrial products to information-based goods and services. Ignoring geography and national boundaries, the information revolution is redefining our world. In less than 20 years, information processing once limited to printed words has given way to computers and the Internet. Computer-mediated communication is narrowing the gap between spoken and written English. It encourages more informal conversational language, tolerates diversity and personal style, and leads to online English replacing the authority of language institutions and practices. Like many languages, English uses phonetic symbols and fairly basic grammar. But most importantly, it has a large and wide vocabulary, about 80% of which are foreign words. Therefore, it has cognates with virtually every language in Europe, and borrowed words from Spanish and French, Hebrew and Arabic, Hindi-Urdu and Bengali, Malay and Chinese, and languages of West Africa and Polynesia. This language feature makes it unique in history. Finally, there is no central authority of the English language to maintain the purity of the language, so many dialects have developed: the United States, Britain, Canada, India and Australia, to name a few. There is no standard pronunciation. But there is a unified grammar and a set of core vocabulary in this diversity. Therefore, every country that speaks this language can inject some aspects of its own culture into its usage and vocabulary. However, the future is unpredictable. As David Crystal (1997) commented, no language has ever spread so widely and been used by so many people as English. Therefore, there is no precedent to help us predict what will happen when a language gains real world status. The world is changing and English will take a new form. Language and its usage will change, reflecting the contact mode with other languages and people's changing communication needs. As more and more people realize that English is not only the property of a few countries, English is getting rid of its political and cultural connotations. On the contrary, it is a tool used on a global scale and will bring more opportunities. It belongs to those who use it for whatever purpose or need. With regard to the future role of English, a question arises whether a single world standard English will develop. This may lead to a supranational diversity that everyone must learn. The widespread use of English as a language for wider communication will continue to exert pressure on global consistency. This may lead to the decline of standards, language changes and the loss of geographical and linguistic diversity. On the other hand, because English is a tool for international communication, and because it is the basis for building cultural identity, many local varieties will develop instead. This trend may lead to language division and threaten the status of English as a lingua franca. However, there are always great differences between English. There is no reason to believe that any other language will replace English in the next 50 years. However, in 2 1 century, English may not maintain its monopoly position. On the contrary, a few languages may form an oligopoly, and each language has a specific area of influence. For example, Spanish is on the rise due to the expansion of trade and the increase of Latino population in the United States. This may create an English -Spa bilingual nish area. Language change is another possibility, in which individuals change their language loyalty. These changes are slow and unpredictable. But in the next 50 years, with the economic development affecting more countries, substantial language changes may occur. Due to these changes in loyalty, more languages may disappear. Those who stay will soon find more native English speakers. This includes English. Domestic migration and urbanization may reorganize the region, thus creating a community where English becomes a cross-racial communication language. Universities that use English as a medium of instruction will expand and quickly create a generation of middle-class professionals. Economic development will only increase the middle class, which is more likely to learn and use English at work. Although languages such as English, German and French have become international languages because of the political power of their governments, it is unlikely that this will happen in the 2 1 century when economy and demography will have a greater impact on languages. English has only been an international language for 50 years. If this model follows the previous language trend, we still have about 100 years before a new language rules the world. However, this does not mean that English is replacing or will replace other languages, as many people worry. On the contrary, it can supplement or coexist with language by allowing strangers to communicate across language boundaries. It may become a tool to open the window to the world, open the door to opportunities, expand our thinking and accept new ideas. The world is in different stages of social, economic and demographic transformation. Whether economically or politically, the world has changed faster in the past few years than at any time since 1945. The emerging global economy is both competitive and interdependent. It reflects the effectiveness of modern communication and production technology in most parts of the world. Therefore, do we need to care about the future of 2 1 century English? This global market is driven by two factors: the economist (1996). First of all, many manufactured goods have one or more foreign ingredients. Ford and IBM computers are just two examples. Secondly, half of what the government calls international trade is between domestic companies and their foreign entrants. The gradual expansion and globalization of the market force companies to pay more attention to international development. Domestic enterprises are adjusting their operation structure and methods to adapt to a wider and rapidly changing economic environment. Because more of their suppliers and customers are located in different continents, they are expanding their geographical scope. Last year, for example, Zhan Sen and Zhan Sen sold products outside the United States, which exceeded the theoretical possibility that American joint ventures would no longer be honest. Mergers and acquisitions of Chrysler/Daimler-Benz and BT have gradually crossed national boundaries. This trend is expected to continue into the next millennium. This internationalization is embodied in three methods. First, the company changed its basic goals to adapt to the global market. Secondly, they adapt their products to the local market. But the most important thing is that they have not established an international bureaucracy; On the contrary, why do they hire foreigners who know the local market to discuss economic issues in English? Because English is closely related to economic modernization and industrial development. The speed of data sending and receiving is getting faster and faster. The competition among governments, industries and companies requires nationals and multinational companies to understand English in this technical language for scientific and technological progress. In the past 40 years, the spread of English around the world has been remarkable. This is unprecedented in some respects: the number of people using this language is increasing gradually; It penetrates into the depth of society; Its functional scope. More than/kloc-0.4 billion people in the world live in countries where English is the official language. The population in one world has a certain ability to speak English. In 200 1 year, more than one billion people will also learn English. More than 70% scientists in the world know English. About 85% of the mail in the world is written in English. In addition, 90% of the electronic data retrieval systems in the world are stored in English. Before 20 10, the number of people who speak English as a second or foreign language will exceed that of native speakers. This trend will undoubtedly affect the use of language English to a greater extent than before. The vocabulary, grammar tables and methods of spoken and written language are influenced by the scientific development of science and technology, economy and management, literature and entertainment. When a rude language, which was originally invaded by Britain's dim German race, now includes the earth, 1, 500 years ago, Mexican pilots used the British to land on France, them and the controllers of the land. When German physicists want to remind the international scientific community of new discoveries, they first publish their findings in English. Japanese executives and Nordic entrepreneurs discuss their business in English. When singers write songs, they often use English lyrics or phrases. When demonstrators want to remind the world of their problems, they will display English notices. Three factors continue to be the spreading factors of English: the use of English in science, technology and business; Ability to merge words from other languages; And different English dialects are acceptable. In science, after World War II, English replaced German. With the rule of technology and science, all languages began to rule, first in Europe and then around the world. Today, the data age has replaced the industrial age, compressing time and distance. This is transforming the world economy from industrial production to data-based goods and services. Ignoring geography and surroundings, the information revolution is redefining our world. In less than 20 years, data processing once limited to printed words has given way to computers and the Internet. Computer-based communication is to narrow the gap between spoken and written English. It encourages more informal conversational language and tolerance for different and personal styles, and leads to authoritative learning and practice of Internet English changing the language. English, like many languages, uses the letters of one language and very basic grammar. But most importantly, it has a large and extensive vocabulary, about 80% of which is foreign. Therefore, it is related to virtually every language in Europe, borrowing words from Spanish, French, Hebrew and Arabic, Hindi and Bengali, Malay and Chinese, and languages of West Africa and Polynesia. This language feature makes it unique in history. Finally, there is no authority of the English language center to protect the purity of the language. As a result, many dialects have developed: those in the United States, Britain, Canada, India and Australia, so say some. There is no standard pronunciation. But in this difference, individuals have grammar and core vocabulary. Therefore, speaking a language can inject all aspects of its own culture into every country in terms of usage and vocabulary. However, the future is unpredictable. When David Crystal (1997) criticized it, it was so widespread that no language was spread or used by so many people as English. Therefore, there is no precedent to help us predict what will happen when a language reaches the real world state. The world is changing and English will take on new forms. Language and its usage will change the way people communicate with other languages, which needs to reflect the way of contact. When more people understand that English is not unique to some countries, English is stripping itself from politics and culture. On the contrary, it is a global tool that will bring more opportunities. It belongs to anyone who uses it for various purposes or needs. One question about the future role of English is whether the world can create supranational diversity, and everyone must know this. As a wider communication language, the widespread use of English will continue to exert the same pressure on the whole world. This will lead to the loss of different standards and language changes. On the other hand, because English is a tool for international communication, and because it forms a sense of cultural identity in infrastructure, many local diversities can be developed. This trend may lead to language division and threaten the role of English as a language. However, there have always been significant differences between the diversity of English. There is no reason to believe that English will be replaced by any other language in the next 50 years. However, it is impossible for Britain to maintain its monopoly position in 2 1 century. However, a few languages may form a market situation in which they feel that the supply is in short supply in influential special areas. Spanish, for example, is on the rise because of the expansion of American trade and the increase of Latin Americans. Another possibility is that individuals in English-Spanish bilingual areas can change their language fidelity. These changes are slow and unpredictable. However, in the next 50 years, considerable language changes may occur, such as the economic development of more influential countries. Because of these changes in loyalty, more languages may disappear. Those who keep it will soon win more native speakers. This includes English. Domestic migration and urbanization may change the structural region, thus creating a language-neutral community, in which English becomes a communicative language. Universities guided by English will expand and produce a generation of middle-class professionals quickly. Economic development will only increase the middle class, which is a group that is more likely to learn and use English at work, because the political power languages of their government, such as English, German and French, are already international languages, but this is unlikely to happen in the 2 1 century, and the economy and demography will have a greater impact on languages. Britain has only been an international language for 50 years. If styles follow earlier language trends, we will still dominate the world about 100 years before a new language appears. However, this does not mean that the British are replacing or will replace other languages, just like fear. On the contrary, it may be a supplement, otherwise * * * communicates by letting strangers exist in the whole language boundary. It may become a window to the world, a door to opportunities and a new tool to expand our thinking.