Qin Zang, the best female litigator in ancient times, won the lawsuit in 2 words and earned 32 silver.

In ancient China, lawyers were called litigators. A litigant is a person who gives advice to litigants and writes documents as a profession, which is equivalent to performing some functions of a lawyer at present.

In ancient China, litigation itself was considered by saints as something that should not happen. Confucius said, "I'm still a Jew when I go to court." And it won't cause a lawsuit! "This means presiding over the trial. I'm just like everyone else. What I should do is to make the lawsuit impossible. This sentence later became the purpose of Confucianism in litigation. Later, officials who were born of Confucian scholars always advocated that the most important thing for officials was "interest litigation." Lawyers serve the people and help the parties to go to court, which naturally becomes a thorn in the side of officials at all levels.

according to the spirit of Confucianism, ancient laws never recognized the status of legal person. Therefore, before modern times, most of the judges' images were ugly, the most typical of which was Fang Ruhao's "Zen Quotations" in the early Qing Dynasty, which described the judges in the 24th century as "gathering gold ranks, and the saints instigated Sang Pijin". The original text describes his ability like this: "the sword and gun can't see iron, and the blood can't be seen when killing." Sticks don't hurt, typhoid fever doesn't heat. You can't see the snake in your mouth and the scorpion in your tail. Pain is inaudible, separation is invisible. If there are no such people in the world, there is no need to set up a government office. "

Although in many stories handed down, the images of the parties are unsightly, there are also some parties who do practical things for the people: Zeng noted a female party in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, and the" mother-in-law "is such a party.

I am a widow and a famous litigator with sharp handwriting. I can do some calculations on paper for many major cases that have not been settled for many years. She made a fortune with this skill.

There is a rich lady in Huzhou. After her husband died, she wanted to remarry, but her father-in-law wouldn't allow her to force herself to be a widow. Ask her mother for help. The old lady asked for 12 taels of silver and 162 taels of silver. She wrote a 16-word complaint, which read: "My husband died at the age of 19 and had no children. Zhuang is widowed and his uncle is unmarried. " Generally speaking, the daughter-in-law is only 19 years old, her husband died, her son didn't leave, fairness and justice are in the prime of life, and her brother-in-law grew up before she got married. They are all single.

In ancient times, the decisive factor affecting a woman's position in the family was how many sons she had. As the saying goes, "raise children to prevent old age." If you have a son, even if you are a widow, your future life and status at home will be guaranteed. As far as family factors and economic conditions are concerned, widowed women without sons have no guarantee for their future life. Meanwhile, the two closest relatives in the family are single. According to the law at that time, it was a capital crime for my father-in-law to have an affair with his daughter-in-law, and it was also a capital crime for my brother to marry a widow. More importantly, the ancient concept of governing the country is to govern the country by virtue. Once this incest case happens, it will have a serious impact on the political achievements of local officials. So this complaint was filed, and the county magistrate immediately ordered that his daughter-in-law be allowed to remarry.

On another occasion, after years of poor harvests in Jiangbei, rice vendors went to Jiangnan to buy food. People in the south of the Yangtze River are afraid of the high price of rice and forbid it to leave the country, which leads to constant lawsuits. The rice vendor also tied the knot for the old mother. The old mother tied a knot, asked for three thousand two hundred pieces of silver and wrote a letter of complaint. The next day, the county government ordered that food should not be prevented from leaving the country. This complaint hit the nail on the head and scored three points: "the country is divided and immigrants are migrating;" The sky is unified and divided into the north and south of the Yangtze River. " A clean and thorough debate is really great.

thus, the wisdom of ancient litigants should not be underestimated. In ancient litigation, the court master sometimes played a key role in the success or failure of the case. Of course, this is closely related to the imperfection of the litigation procedure, the emphasis on confession, the neglect of investigation and the imperfection of the law at that time.