How to treat the phenomenon of foreigners coming to China as officials in Tang Dynasty?

After the rise of the Tang Dynasty, Wan Li paid tribute to the Tang Dynasty not far from Siyi. East to Korea, south to Zhenla, west to Persia, Tubo and Jiankun, north to Turkic, Khitan and Mohong, other areas are called "unique areas". For countries that come to pay tribute, according to the distance, the Tang Dynasty gave rewards, conferring gifts, transporting grain, postal services and other expenses. Because of the openness and tolerance of the Tang Dynasty, the people of the Tang Dynasty have a very broad vision and are not closed and unfamiliar with the outside world.

Send envoys to the Tang Dynasty to pay tribute.

At that time, the contacts between the Tang Dynasty and West Asian countries were mainly in the Eastern Roman Empire, Persia (now Iran), Dashi (now Arabia) and other countries.

According to the records of the Tang Dynasty, the palace columns of the Eastern Roman Empire were mostly made of crystal glass. The king of this country often travels all over the country. There is a bag on the Royal Avenue. If people want to beat the king, they will write a book and throw it into the king's big bag on the way. After the king returned to the palace, he dealt with the complaints of the people one by one. The kings of the Eastern Roman Empire were all elected by talented people, especially in the case of natural and man-made disasters, the kings changed frequently.

There is a gate in the east of this country, which is more than twenty feet high and decorated with gold from top to bottom. The palace takes rustling as its pillar, gold as its ground, ivory as its door leaf and fragrant wood as its pillar. Because there are no tiles in the custom of this country, the white stone is pounded into powder and evenly smeared on the palace. The texture is very dense and smooth, and looks like white jade from a distance. Every summer and hot summer, the East Romans would bring water into the house. Because the design is ingenious and secret, it is difficult for outsiders to know how it was made. When the mechanism is turned on, the roof instantly emits the sound of thousands of springs, and the four eaves fly between the brakes, just like the hanging waves of a waterfall, and the flying stream stirs into a cool wind to escape the heat.

In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan, Potori, the king of eastern Rome, sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty to offer red glass, green gold essence and other things, and Emperor Taizong sent a letter of apology and condolences.

In the first month of the seventh year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the East Rome sent leaders of Tofu Luo to pay tribute to the Tang Dynasty, offering sacrifices to lions and antelopes. Then he sent a big monk to pay tribute to Tang Lifo.

In the past, Emperor Yang Di often wanted to communicate with the Eastern Roman Empire, but it was too far away to be realized. In the Tang Dynasty, the prosperous weather in China naturally attracted distant empires to pay tribute.

International metropolis thousands of years ago

Chang 'an, the capital, became the largest and most prosperous city in the world at that time, and it was also an international metropolis with a population of over one million. Countries all over the world competed to enter the Tang Dynasty to worship, or emigrate, or do business, or pay tribute to Buddha. Therefore, the Datang at that time presented a pluralistic and inclusive international atmosphere. Chang 'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou, Guangzhou and other places in the Tang Dynasty were places where Indian Brahmins, Persians, cannibals and Hu people from the Western Regions gathered and lived. At that time, the place where foreign businessmen lived together was called Fanfang, and foreigners chose Fanfang to take charge of related affairs.

During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, a large number of Japanese students, scholars and Silla nobles went to study in the Tang Dynasty. Jin Qiaojue, the prince of Silla, went to the Tang Dynasty to practice Buddhism in Yonghui, Tang Gaozong for four years, and there was no omission in the interpretation of the dharma number. In the 16th year of Kaiyuan (728), he became a monk on the evening of July 30th. In terms of expenses, for example, Silla pays for books purchased by Silla students, while Tang Ting is responsible for daily needs such as clothing and diet for the four seasons. In the Tang Dynasty, a special "Bin Gong Ke" was set up for international students to recruit outstanding foreign scholars in Chinese studies as officials. For example, Silla Cui Zhiyuan, Japanese Abe, China and Ma Lu.

Now people in China like to immigrate to Europe and America, but at that time, all countries in the world liked to immigrate to Datang. There are tens of thousands of Hu people in the Great Wall alone. Hu people immigrated to Chang 'an, bought farmland, and did business. Living and working in Middle-earth, I have no intention of going home.

According to Abu Zaid Hassan's records, the number of Muslims, Jews and Christians in Guangzhou at the end of the Tang Dynasty was as high as 6.5438+0.2 million. There are thousands of Hu merchants in Yangzhou.

China immigrated to Europe and America, and the most common business was catering. During the Tang Dynasty, Hu people immigrated to the Tang Dynasty, mostly engaged in catering industry. Li Bai wrote in "Journey to Youth": "Where do you swim, you laugh in Ji Hu restaurant." It is a true portrayal of foreigners entering the Tang Dynasty.

We now think that the traditions are classical culture and almost strict rituals and music. If you look at the Tang Dynasty, it will give people a new and magnificent feeling. Tradition includes not only the openness and diversity of culture; It also means fashion and trendy, and it has a very wide range of tolerance and absorption of new things from distant countries.

In the Wu Cheng'en-structured world, it is considered a great honor to immigrate to Middle Tang. In the novel The Journey to the West 9 1, it is said that citizens in the western regions strive to do good deeds and accumulate virtue, hoping to be reincarnated in the Tang Dynasty in China and be bathed in the Chinese style of Guo Yong in the Tang Dynasty.

Clear water pearl for purifying water source

Reading notes from the Tang Dynasty will reveal many bright spots. One of them is the problem of purifying water sources. Although it looks strange, it also provides people with additional ideas and gives people a glimpse of the openness of the Tang people's thoughts thousands of years ago.

Zhang Du of the Tang Dynasty told a story about Yan Sheng. It is said that Yan Sheng visited Xianshan and got a bead. Later, a Persian saw it and was pleasantly surprised to say that it was a Persian treasure. The Persians called it "Clear Water Pearl". Putting this bead into turbid water will make turbid water instantly clear and transparent. Persia has lost this treasure for three years. Without clear water beads, all Jing Quan in Persia is turbid. After drinking this water, many Persian nationals became ill. Persians traveled long distances to China, looking for this national treasure everywhere.

This note of the Tang Dynasty seems to have some brain holes in the minds of modern people. One bead can purify the water source, which is much better than putting bleach into the water to purify the water.

Another record of the Tang Dynasty is that in the tenth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, in order to establish merit, the monks in the temple pawned the treasure beads worth hundreds of millions given to the temple when Tang Ruizong was the prime minister. When Shang Hu saw this pearl, he respectfully held it over his head, making a bow. The monk was curious about Shang Hu's behavior and asked him why.

Shang Hu said: "During the Zhenguan period, the king of our country entered the DPRK and made great contributions to the Tang Emperor. This pearl is called water drop. Whenever the army rests, it digs two feet underground and buries the pearls in it. Water springs come out instantly and can be used by thousands of people. So marching is often not short of water. Since this pearl disappeared, it has been thirsty every March. " Monks don't believe it, and Hu people dig up the soil to hide pearls. If they see the spring gushing out, it is cold and endless.

If what is said is true, it can answer many questions, including that when the Mongolian army marched westward, it had to pass through barren sand. Modern people are puzzled about how the Mongolian army finds water. If this strange sphere really existed in the world at that time, is it logical to solve the problem of drinking water for the army?