Brief introduction of Qiu Niro

Nero Claudius Ceasar (AD 37-68), the last emperor of the Claudius dynasty of the Roman Empire, was a famous tyrant in Roman history.

Nero was born into a noble family in Rome. His father is agnew Domitius Agino babs. When Nero was three years old, in 40 AD, his father died. Nero was raised by his mother Agrippina, the granddaughter of Augustus. Agrippina is an insidious, resourceful and greedy woman. After poisoning her second husband, Agrippina married her uncle, the Roman emperor Claudius, out of vanity and ambition. After Agrippina proclaimed himself emperor, in order to consolidate his autocratic position, on the one hand, he appointed his close friend Abla News Bruce as the leader of the Guards, and used this as a pillar to kill political opponents and rival in love; On the other hand, since AD 48, she has been exerting all kinds of intrigues to empower Nero. She forced Claudius to give up the legal claim that her own son brittany Kush should be the heir, and gave the heir's favor to her son Nero, who was born to her and her ex-husband. In 5 1 A.D., Claudius adopted Nero as his son and married Octavia, the daughter of his ex-wife. In 54 AD, Claudius was poisoned. Although historians have different opinions about the death of Claudius, it is probably from Agrippina. After Claudius died, Agrippina continued to use her political skills. On the one hand, she commanded Bruce's guards to control the situation in the Hummer and immediately killed her military opponent, making the military group succumb to her influence. At the same time, she forced the Senate, which had almost no real power, to hand over all power to her son. In this way, Nero ascended the throne of the emperor and became a central figure in Roman politics. Nero is neither good at military affairs nor good at governing the country. It was only because of the court coup that he became the emperor of Rome. This fully shows that the principality has completely degenerated into an open monarchy.

Nero lived in the court of Claudius dynasty since childhood and grew up in an environment full of decadent vanity and intrigue. The bad upbringing and influence he received made him dissolute and completely degenerate. Especially after he proclaimed himself emperor, he followed the principle of "everything a monarch does is lawful" and lived a dissolute and shameless life. Not only his official hall, but also the streets of Rome have become carnival places. At the beginning of Nero's reign, he ignored political affairs because of debauchery and ignorance, and the actual political power was controlled by his mother and his accomplices. Nero was initially afraid of Agrippina's power, but gradually resented her control over him. As Nero's dissatisfaction with Agrippina grew, this contradiction became more and more acute. Agrippina exerted political pressure on Nero, and at the same time she incited Octavia to control Nero for dictatorship. She publicly declared that she would replace Nero with Brittany Kush. This worried Nero, a cruel man. He killed 14-year-old half-brother in 55 AD. This practice further deepened the rift between Nero's mother and son. In 58 AD, Nero met a frivolous and vicious Roman lady, Popia sabina (wife of the Senate elder and later Emperor Otto). According to Tacitus, Sabin's marriage "has everything: beauty, wisdom, wealth and everything, but lacks an upright heart". Under the influence of sabina, Nero demanded a divorce from Octavia to get rid of Agrippina's control. Agrippina, on the other hand, strongly opposed Nero's behavior and hated sabina. In this way, the contradiction between Nero and Agrippina reached an irreconcilable level. In 59 AD, Nero organized a plot to assassinate his mother. He's going to sink a boat in Agrippina. However, the plot failed, so he ordered the guards to be sent, ending Agrippina's life.

Shortly after Agrippina's death, Bruce, who was able to control Rome with military power, also died. Seneca, who was appointed by Claudius as Nero's teacher, also retired from politics and lived in seclusion for fear of Nero's cruelty. Those freed slaves who had rich political experience and held various important positions during the reign of Claudius were also excluded from politics. In this way, in the early days of Nero's coming to power, the people who could influence Nero and the political forces they represented ceased to exist. One after another, people with love and obedience were loved by Nero. These people flatter and help others, deliberately conniving at all Nero's evil deeds. Nero did whatever he wanted, squandered money, indulged in feasting all day, and staged a series of ugly plays in Roman politics.

Nero, who was proud of his versatility, began to perform publicly in 59 AD. He held an extremely luxurious contest in the court, and he performed as a reciter, singer, performer and even gladiator on the stage. When he found that the Romans did not pay enough attention to his performance skills and artistic talents, he went to Greece for a public performance at the end of 66 AD, protected and surrounded by his entourage. He performed there for a whole year. He took part in the Olympic Games and the Corinthian Games and played various roles. Because the Greeks gave enough enthusiasm and appreciation to his artistic talents and wonderful performances, he declared that the Greeks were the only people who could appreciate music, and only they respected his achievements. To this end, he granted Greece autonomy.

When Nero wrote poems, sang and played, and fought wars, he was often accompanied by banquets of different sizes and forms. According to Tacitus' records, this kind of banquet is typical of the members of the banquet held by Tigrinus, Nero's favorite and leader of the Guards, on Lake Agriba. Tacitus wrote: Tigrinus made a raft and put it on Lake Agriba, and arranged a banquet on the raft. He prepared some boats as tugboats, dragging rafts in the middle of the lake. The boat is decorated with gold and ivory, and the paddlers are child molesters of the same color, arranged according to age and lewdness. He collects all kinds of rare birds and animals from the mountains and seas, and even captures marine life from the sea. On one side of the lake, there is no courtyard for traveling, and there are plenty of aristocratic women inside. On the other side, there are a group of naked prostitutes, posing in various positions and dancing in various obscene dances. As dusk deepened, a chorus of songs began to spread from all the jungles and houses by the lake, and flashing lights lit up everywhere. Nero indulged in this decadent and dissolute life. However, he was not satisfied with this. What's more, "in all legal forms of marriage, he married himself to a pedophile named Pythagoras." The emperor had a veil on his head and a witness stood beside him. Bedding, acacia bed, etc. It's all sold out. The wedding torch has a high fever. Everything is open. "Nero is so dissolute and shameless that it is hard to see how much he can do.

Nero's decadent behavior has profound social roots in addition to its subjective reasons. In the past, in order to seek greater material benefits, the Roman ruling class made every effort to invade and plunder all over the world for centuries and established a hegemonic country spanning Europe, Asia and Africa. Countless lands have been incorporated into their territory, and countless slaves and wealth have been enslaved and squandered by them. They got everything they wanted. Now they have lost interest in political activities and are addicted to the fun of life. In this regard, Suvitonius once recorded the following: "Many members of the two upper classes, both men and women, played a performing role in the Games. 400 elders and 600 knights took part in hand-to-hand combat in a semi-circular theater. They also appear in the arena to fight wild animals and play various other roles. "This shows that the upper class of Roman society has been completely corrupt. As the representative of the ruling class, it is logical that Nero became a living specimen of the pleasure of the upper class in Rome. Nero even wanted to give up the throne. It is not difficult to understand that he values the honor of participating in sports and acting more than his glory as a monarch. Therefore, it can be considered that Nero's shameless behavior is an inevitable reflection of the vicious development of the Roman ruling class.

In the summer of 64 AD, a fire broke out in Rome. The fire lasted for 9 days, only 4 districts in the city 14 were left, 3 districts were burned to the ground, and only the ruins were left in other districts. The fire was undoubtedly an unprecedented disaster for the Roman people, and countless lives and property were swallowed up by the flames. According to legend, when Rome became a sea of fire, Nero "once boarded his own stage and sang poems about the destruction of Troy" and watched the burning scene safely and comfortably. Although Nero also took some measures to help the refugees, he only perfunctory the masses and made a timely article. After the fire, Nero took advantage of the disaster of the motherland to build his own "golden house" first. According to Tacitus' record, "This Gong Zhiqi is not rich in vulgar gold and jade, but in wild lakes, deep forests and clear scenery". The new official built by Nero occupied the most central area of Rome, from Mount Noum in paladin to Mount Esqui Lin Nasi, including school corridors, bathing places, pools and animal grounds. The interior of the whole palace is decorated with gold, precious stones and pearls. The dining room has an ivory ceiling, which can rotate, so that flowers can be sprinkled from it and perfume can be sprayed from the pipe. There are both seawater and spring water in the bath. When Nero saw this magnificent, luxurious and unique great building, he exclaimed, "This is like a place where people live."

Because of Nero's reckless behavior, it is said that the fire in 1964 was because Nero hated the humble old city or set fire to Rome in order to enjoy the blazing and unique scenery. Although these statements are inconsistent with the facts, they spread like wildfire and spread widely. Nero arrested all the arson suspects to dispel the public's dissatisfaction. According to Tacitus, these people were "a group of people called Christians, who were notorious and hated at that time". For these "criminals", Nero used the most cruel means. "Some people wear animal skins and let dogs bite them to death, while others are tied to crosses and used as torches to illuminate the night after dusk." Nero's atrocities were originally intended to divert people's attention and arouse people's hatred of "arsonists", but they backfired, further exposing the brutality of this tyrant.

Nero's shameless debauchery and endless extravagance and waste made the Roman Empire face the serious situation of financial exhaustion and crisis quickly. The accumulation of the national treasury was spent, the salaries of soldiers and the rewards of veterans stopped, and the currency depreciated. In order to reverse this situation, Nero implemented two main measures. One is to increase taxes and do everything possible. As Tacitus pointed out, "Italy at that time had become desolate because of the oppression of taxes." Provinces have also gone bankrupt. Even God himself has become a plundered aspect ... All the gold offered by Roman countries in the past dynasties due to the victory or prosperity of war or the wishes to God in times of crisis has been plundered. In Asia and Arcaya, not only the offerings, but also the God himself was taken away. " The second is to confiscate the property of the rich by "insulting the respect law" and various unwarranted charges. Nero confiscated all the property of the deceased, as long as the deceased was "ungrateful" in his will and did not give most of the property away. Nero can turn Roman nobles, governors and commanders who oppose him into victims of terrorist policies at any time.

Nero's wrong routine has aroused widespread dissatisfaction from all walks of life, and the mood of resistance has intensified. As early as the beginning of Nero's rule, that is, in 60 AD, an uprising against Rome's infinite demands and persecution, led by Baudica, the queen of Iseni tribe, broke out. The Rebels defeated the Roman Legion, occupied the Roman capitals of Camruton and Rendina in England, and killed 80,000 Roman immigrants and businessmen. But it was later suppressed.

In 65 AD, Roman nobles formed an organization to assassinate Nero, led by the prestigious Gaius Karl Plny and Uus Piso. More than 40 people participated in this group, including Senate elders, knights, officers, poets and philosophers, including Feniou Rufus, the second leader of the Guards, the poet Anneus Lu Kurus and the philosopher seneca. They were going to kill Nero while he was in the arena. However, due to the indecision and concealment of Piso and others, the plan was leaked. Of course, Nero couldn't stop there, followed by arrest, torture and slaughter. A total of 18 people were executed in this group, and Piso, Lucullus and seneca were ordered to commit suicide by Nero. Seneca, Nero's teacher, has accumulated a lot of family fortune, which has made Nero drool over his wealth for a long time, and he will not miss this opportunity.

In 66 AD, a large-scale armed uprising broke out in Palestine. On the one hand, the Palestinian people were exploited and oppressed by Roman rulers, and at the same time, they were exploited and searched by local senior monks and big slave owners. The people under double oppression angrily raised the banner of justice. In Jerusalem, the Roman governor Florus was defeated by the rebels, and the Roman garrison and some pro-Roman nobles were all killed. The Syrian governor led an army to Jerusalem to suppress it, which was suppressed by the insurgents. At the same time, in Galilee, an uprising led by John and Simon broke out, and farmers. Artisans and freed slaves took part in the uprising. The uprising quickly spread to Judea, Samaria and other places. Nero sent Vespasianus [later emperor, translated as Wei Ba rice in China] to suppress the uprising. In 67 AD, he led 50,000 troops to start military operations in Palestine. However, the following year, when he heard that Rome was easy to demote Nero, he stopped military action.

In 68 AD, a larger uprising broke out in Gaul. The leader of this uprising was Gaius Julius Windex, the deputy commander sent by Nero to Lu Nan. In the movement against Nero, he publicly declared that the only purpose of the uprising was to liberate Rome from the tyrant and overthrow the rule of the "clown head of state". Wendex's call received a general response from the governors and military commanders of the western provinces of the empire, and 100 thousand people quickly gathered around him. The governors of Spain and African provinces also followed the example of Wendex and assembled troops to crusade against Nero. Although the Germanic Legion defeated the Gaul rebels, it was not long before the Germanic Legion rose up against Nero and declared their commander Virgini Rufus emperor. In this way, in the summer of' 68, Nero, once arrogant in the history of the Roman Empire, was under siege.

Faced with such a severe situation, Nero couldn't think of any good way to save his doomed fate. So he came up with an extremely absurd idea. He plans to join the rebels as a singer and reciter, hoping to defeat those opponents who swear to be at odds with him with his "moving voice". He said, "Only by performing and singing can I get peace again in Gaul." However, the development of the situation cannot be as Nero imagined. At this time, the bodyguard who had always been the confidant of the Fuehrer began to betray Nero. Sabinus, the commander of the guards, saw that Nero was doomed. For his life and property, he defected to Garba, who opposed Nero. The Senate, which only obeyed the Fuehrer's orders, declared Nero a public enemy before the fait accompli. He will be put to death. At this point, Nero had no way out. After fleeing Rome, he committed suicide in his liberated slave room in the suburbs. When he committed suicide, he still remembered his "superb" artistic talent and lamented that "what a great artist is going to die!"