What kind of wood is this? The timber expert came in. Thank you.

Pinus radiata is not native to New Zealand. It is native to some islands in California, USA. Seeds were brought to the South Pacific island country of New Zealand by immigrants in the19th century. The Latin name of Pinus radiata in New Zealand is Pinups radiata D.Don, and the commonly used English name is Radiata pine .. English radiata means radiation, so its Chinese name is "Pinus radiata". Another English name is Monterey pine, which is named after Monterey Island in California, USA.

The poor growth, poor dry shape and slow growth rate of Pinus radiata have not been paid attention to. However, due to the unique site conditions of New Zealand Island, Pinus radiata settled smoothly and grew abnormally, which attracted more and more attention. In 1930s and 1940s, plantations of Pinus radiata were built all over New Zealand. Through modern genetic breeding and intensive management techniques, the yield per unit area of Pinus radiata plantation in New Zealand is 30% higher than that 60 years ago. Pinus radiata industry has become one of the pillar industries in this country, and forestry employees account for about 0.56% of the total population. In addition to New Zealand, Pinus radiata is also developed in Australia, South Africa, Chile and Spain.

First, the characteristics of radiation pine and wood in New Zealand

1. Ecological adaptability of Pinus radiata. Pinus radiata is vertically distributed at an altitude of 0-330 m at the place of origin, with a humid climate, annual precipitation of 380-800mm, annual average temperature of 16.7- 18.3℃, absolute minimum temperature of -6.7℃, absolute maximum temperature of 43℃, no snow in four seasons and frost-free period of 300d d.

Judging from the current situation of introduction and promotion in various countries, the adaptation range of Pinus radiata to climate is far wider than that of its origin. Generally speaking, the average temperature in the growth area of Pinus radiata is 12-20℃, the highest temperature is 46℃, the annual sunshine hours are more than 2,000 h, and the annual precipitation is 600-1250 mm. In addition to the winter rain type climate, the uniform rain type is also acceptable, and the humid climate is the best.

Pinus radiata has strong adaptability to soil. In the sand dune land along the northern coast of North Island, New Zealand, the radiation pine forest grows well, which can effectively prevent sandstorms, fix mobile sand dunes and give play to the advantages of protecting the ecological environment. Generally speaking, Pinus radiata is barren-tolerant and not picky about soil types such as sandy soil, light saline soil and altitude. Therefore, in addition to wood, it is also a good tree species for greening barren hills and wasteland.

2. Fast-growing and high-yield tree species. After decades of efforts by forestry scientists in New Zealand, Pinus radiata has adopted high-tech genetic improvement technology to become a fast-growing and widely used timber tree species, which is extremely rare among similar conifers in the world. Under the condition of intensive forestry management in New Zealand, the average annual growth of Pinus radiata can reach 28 cubic meters per hectare, the rotation period is 20-25 years, the final cutting amount can reach 650-800 cubic meters per hectare, the height growth can reach more than 40 meters, and the average single tree volume is 2.4 cubic meters. And there are no reports of mass destruction of pests and diseases.

If the output of Pinus radiata plantation in New Zealand is compared with that of tropical forest, 1 hectare of Pinus radiata plantation is equivalent to Southeast Asia 10 hectare of tropical forest, or 20 hectares of Papua new subtropical forest, or 40 hectares of tropical forest in Amazon River basin. In addition, the average annual growth per hectare of Pinus radiata in New Zealand is 20-25 cubic meters, that of Pinus radiata in Chile is 18-2 1 cubic meter, that of Pinus longleaf in the United States is 7 cubic meters, and that of spruce in Sweden, Russia and Canada is 4.0, 1.6 and 1.5 cubic meters respectively.

3. Characteristics and uses of Pinus radiata wood. Pinus radiata wood is a kind of high-quality cork with medium density, uniform structure, average drying and shrinking efficiency and strong stability. Complete logs have no problems such as rot, heart rot and insect bite; Wood has good nail holding power, strong permeability, easy corrosion protection, drying, curing and coloring.

Pinus radiata wood has a wide range of uses, which is incomparable to other conifers.

Architecture: Pinus radiata is a good material for building wooden houses. Beautiful and comfortable houses distributed in urban and rural areas of New Zealand are mostly made of radial pine, and their service life can reach 100 years or more. Radial pine wood can also be used in large buildings, such as the main building of New Zealand National Forestry Research Institute, which is a radial pine wood structure building.

Wood-based panels such as plywood, fiberboard, particleboard, veneer and building plywood: Pinus radiata is a high-quality material for manufacturing wood-based panels. All kinds of wood-based panels produced in New Zealand are basically made of radial pine, and the products sell well in Australia, Japan, South Korea, Singapore and other markets.

Pulp: radial pine wood fiber is long, which is a good material for producing high strength paper. It can be used to produce tissue paper, printing paper, packaging, newsprint, cardboard and other paper products.

Furniture: Pinus radiata wood is a good furniture material because of its soft color and strong nail grip. Using curing technology, radiant pine furniture can be stronger and have better color texture.

Poles and fences: radiation pine treated with antiseptic is a good material for making poles and has a long service life. In addition, New Zealand pasture fences are also made of radiation pine.

Sleeper: Pinus radiata wood can be made into railway sleepers after being treated with sodium phenolate, which has strong corrosion resistance.

Crafts: Pinus radiata has soft color, good processability, easy cementation and dyeing, and is suitable for processing all kinds of handicrafts and finished products.

Second, the industrial status of Pinus radiata plantation in New Zealand

After decades of continuous efforts, New Zealand's forestry has undergone tremendous changes, from a country with a shortage of wood to a country with an oversupply of wood. Pinus radiata has become a family timber tree species, and its wood production has reached the stage of sustainable development. The products of Pinus radiata, such as logs, wood-based panels, pulp and paper products, continue to enter the international market, and New Zealand is one of the major wood producers in the world today.

According to the latest statistics, the current forest coverage rate in New Zealand is 30%, and the forest area is 865,438+10,000 hectares, including plantation 1.7 million hectares. In the artificial forest, the radiation pine forest covers an area of 6.5438 0.56 million hectares, accounting for about 92%. Natural forests are mainly used for landscaping, water conservation and soil and water conservation. Wood production basically comes from Pinus radiata plantations, accounting for less than 20% of the total forest area, which means that New Zealand basically solves the wood supply problem with less than 6% of the land.

Forest products are important export commodities of New Zealand. According to statistics, global 10% of plantation wood comes from New Zealand. 1994, New Zealand produced logs/kloc-0.6 million cubic meters, sawn timber 2.82 million cubic meters, pulp/kloc-0.37 million tons, and paper and other paper products 800,000 tons. In the same year, the export of forest products in New Zealand was S $2.464 billion, accounting for 12.9% of the total export, second only to dairy products and meat. The main products are logs, sawn timber and pulp.

At present, the supply of forest products in New Zealand has accounted for 1. 1% of the world forest products trade, accounting for 8.8% of the Asia-Pacific region. Moreover, these forest products only come from 0.05% of the world's forest resources, and the annual harvesting area is only 0.0009% of the global forest. All these achievements should be attributed to the high yield and sustainable management of plantations in New Zealand.

Radiation pine forest has played a great role in environmental protection through carbon fixation. According to the latest research data, 1997 New Zealand plantation * * * fixed180,000 tons of carbon dioxide. If 65,000 hectares of trees are planted every year, by 2009, plantations across the country will remove 230 million tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Third, the development of Pinus radiata in other countries

Pinus radiata has been successfully developed in Australia, Spain, South Africa, Chile and other countries, especially in Chile. Before 1970s, Chile was a country with a shortage of timber, but since 1980s, Chilean radial pine timber has been gradually exported to the international market, becoming a major timber producer in South America. The main reason for this change should be attributed to the introduction and popularization of Pinus radiata. At that time, the successful decision of Chilean Forestry Department was to introduce and develop Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus, increase forest resources and increase the output of commercial timber, which was a miracle in just over 20 years. The introduction and promotion of Pinus radiata in South Africa is also quite effective, and the tree species of Pinus radiata has become one of the main timber trees.