Fujian Hakka, why is it called Hakka dialect?

Hakka is a distinctive Han nationality and one of the most widely distributed and far-reaching Han nationalities in the world.

First, do you really want to be a "guest"?

The Central Plains is not only the root of Hakkas, but also the root of the Chinese nation. According to legend, Fuxi, the ancestor of mankind, is located at the southern foot of Taihang Mountain in the northwest of Qinyang City, Henan Province. Only by combining with Nu Wa can human beings be handed down from generation to generation. Fuxi also tied a rope as a net here, engaged in fishing and hunting, invented agriculture, tasted all kinds of herbs and invented Chinese medicine, so he was called Shennong. Fuxi is also known as the god of cultural creation. It is said that he sat on the square altar, listened to music from all directions, and then drew bagua symbols such as Gan, Kun, Zhen, Xun, Kan, Li, Gen and Dui, which can "look up at astronomy, overlook geography and get close to everything" and invented the original pictographic symbol, so it is also called Fuxi. Henan province is called "Yu", which consists of "Yu" and "Xiang", probably related to the invention of hieroglyphics by our ancient ancestors. There is an old saying: "everything is ready, it must be established, and if it is not prepared, it will be abolished." Therefore, it is not only the cause of Hakkas, it is established when it is prepared, but abolished when it is not prepared; The same is true of the cause of the Chinese nation.

China's first dynasty, the Xia Dynasty, was founded in the Central Plains. According to legend, Shun Di did Dayu in Yu Xia, which is now Yuzhou, Henan. The well field system is adopted to develop agricultural production here. "Nine husbands are wells, four wells are cities, four cities are mountains, and four mountains are temples." Therefore, the people at that time were not called people, but called Qiu Min; At that time, the Xia Dynasty was not called China, but called Khotan. Later, "Jiuhe, Hebei, definitely Confucianism, Paihuaisi, left home for eight years, and went through the door three times, and the flood was flat, and Kyushu paid tribute." Xia Qiwang, the son of Dayu, cast Jiuding in Kunwu (now Puyang, Henan), representing Kyushu: Yanzhou, Jizhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yuzhou, Jingzhou, Yangzhou, Yongzhou and Youzhou. Yuzhou is under the world, also known as Zhongzhou. Today's China was called Kyushu, Jiuqiu, Jiusuo and Yudian in Xia Dynasty. In the transition from fishing and hunting era to agricultural era, the most important thing is to grasp the agricultural time. The summer calendar invented by Xia Dynasty pushed the calculation of time from year to month and day, and grasped the law of time change by combining the ten-day stem of plant growth law with the twelve-day branch of Tatsumi. In particular, the application of the twenty-four solar terms not only played a huge role in agricultural production at that time, but also made great contributions to agricultural production today.

If the Xia dynasty accurately grasped the changing law of the weather, then the Shang dynasty grasped the changing law of the geographical position. In the 6th century BC/KLOC-0, Shang Tang, with the help of Yi Yin, destroyed King Xia Jie and made its capital in Shangqiu, Henan. With the development of agricultural production, commodity activities have become more and more frequent, and frequent commodity activities have also brought about the frequent relocation of the capital of Shang Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty moved the capital seven times, but most of them moved to Henan. Pan Geng forced the merchants and nobles to cross the river and move to Yin, which is now the Yin Ruins in Anyang, and the Shang Dynasty flourished. The story spread to Emperor Wuding, who asked all the workers to look for architects everywhere, and found that Fu Shuo was one of the sinners. Therefore, the construction of Yindu soon flourished. Ordinary people live and work in peace and contentment, unwilling to migrate. The original glyph of "Ke" was not found in the Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed from the Yin Ruins in Anyang, indicating that there was no sense of moving of Ke at that time.

If Xia dynasty grasped the changing law of weather and Shang dynasty grasped the changing law of geographical position, then Zhou dynasty grasped the changing law of human harmony. Ji Chang, Zhou Wenwang, "Benevolence, respect for the elderly, and less kindness; Under the ceremony, the sage must not eat in Japan and China, and the scholar will return. " He was detained by Shang Zhouwang in Henan Tangyin Youli for seven years. During this period, he transformed Fuxi innate gossip into acquired gossip, transformed Fuxi gossip into 64 hexagrams and 384 hexagrams, and shifted the focus of the study of the Book of Changes from heaven and earth to human society, so it was called Zhouyi. With the help of Jiang Ziya, Zhou Wuwang destroyed Shang Zhouwang and established the Zhou Dynasty. Under the guidance of the Book of Changes, the relationship between people was constantly adjusted, and the etiquette system formulated by the Duke of Zhou was fixed, which made the rule of the Zhou Dynasty last for almost 800 years, ranking first in all previous dynasties.

The Zhou Dynasty entered the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, that is, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, King Ping moved the capital from Fenghao to Luoyang. During this period, the world was in chaos, fighting for cities and land, the Central Plains was boiling and wars were raging. It was not Hakkas who migrated first, but Guangfu people and chaozhou people. The Han people in the Central Plains crossed the Wuling Mountains ahead of time and came to the Pearl River Delta to develop and become Guangfu people. It is said that the Five Immortals of the Zhou Dynasty rode five sheep mouths with ears of grain to Guangzhou, which is a beautiful myth and legend that the Han people in the Central Plains developed Guangzhou. Another group of Han people in the Central Plains moved from Fujian to the Hanjiang Delta and became the chaozhou people of Minnan language family. Hakka people are reluctant to leave their homes in the Central Plains unless they have to. However, it is difficult for them to come to the Lingnan Plain, which is easy to make a living, so they have to live a hard life in the mountainous areas between Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi. Because Hakka people are attached to the Central Plains, and keep in mind the teachings of their ancestors: "It is better to sell one's ancestral fields than forget one's ancestral words", Hakka dialect retains the phonology of the Zhou Dynasty's national language and is called the living fossil of ancient Chinese.

Second, where did the "guest" come from?

Hakka ancestors began to go south as early as the Qin Dynasty. Historians in China have always believed that "the Han people who moved south from the Central Plains are called Hakkas". "Han people" here should mean "Han people", not "Han people", because Zhao Tuo of the Qin Dynasty came to Lingnan to develop the earliest Hakka base. After Qin Shihuang conquered the Baiyue nationality in Lingnan, he "migrated 500,000 to defend it". How did these 500 thousand Zhongyuan people come to Lingnan? According to records, one is Xiangjiang-Lingqu-Lijiang-Xijiang waterway; One is the combined transport of Xiaoshui-Xindao-Heshui-Xijiang; One is the land and water transport of Leishui-Huangshui-Beijiang River; One is Ganjiang-Hengpu (that is, Meiguan)-Mianshui-Beijiang land and water transport; First, Ganjiang-Dongjiang combined water and land transport. Xijiang River system becomes the main area of Guangzhou dialect, Dongjiang River system becomes the main area of Hakka dialect, and Beijiang River system becomes the mixed area of Guangzhou dialect and Hakka dialect. When Qin Shihuang had 500,000 troops going south, one of them was stationed in the south of Jiangxi. It should be a convenient land and water transportation line in Taojiang River, Gongshui Lianjiang River and Xiangshui River in the upper reaches of Ganjiang River, crossing Dingnan Water and looking for Dongjiang River under water. Zhao Tuo may be in this area, so it was named Longchuan county magistrate after going south. Longchuan has always been a Hakka ancestor who speaks Hakka dialect.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a group of scholars from the Central Plains took refuge in Lingnan, and the truly large-scale "Hakkas" moved south mainly for these three times: the first time was the "Eight Kings Rebellion" at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty and the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, also known as the "Yongjia Rebellion", and the subsequent "Five Wild Flowers", that is, the Huns, Xianbei, Jiedi, Di, Qiang and other ethnic minorities invaded the Central Plains and fled the chaos one after another. The second time was the Huang Chao Uprising in the late Tang Dynasty, which proclaimed itself emperor and failed. The route taken was almost the same as that of the Hakkas fleeing south. The third time was at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, when Yuan soldiers advanced, and Hakka ancestors entered Meizhou, Zhou Xun and Huizhou in eastern Guangdong from southern Jiangxi and southwestern Fujian. At that time, the household registration was divided into "master" and "guest", and all immigrants were naturalized as "Hakkas". At this time, "Hakka" immigrants poured in, and "guest" was better than "master". This is the change of Hakka dialect from "to"

The southward army of "Hakkas" is constantly expanding, including the expansion of the team and the expansion of the territory. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, under the influence of Manchu occupation of the Central Plains, some Hakkas moved to Taiwan Province with Zheng Chenggong. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Sichuan suffered from war and plague for a long time, and its population decreased greatly. The Qing court initiated the migration movement of "moving lakes to fill Sichuan", which was the origin of Hakka people in Sichuan. After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement led by Hakka Hong Xiuquan failed, Hakka people moved overseas. At present, "Hakkas" are mainly distributed in Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan Province and other places, as well as Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, Mauritius, Reunion and the United States.

Trees attract the wind, leaves fall to the roots, and roots are in the Central Plains. Of the more than 10,000 surnames of the Chinese nation, more than 1500 originated in Henan, and 73 of the common surnames of 1000 originated in Henan. The seven surnames with a large population, such as Chen, Lin, Li, Xu, Cai, Huang and Zheng, also originated in Henan. There are nearly 100 million Hakkas all over the world, and they often go back to Henan to find their roots and ancestors. In 1980s, the Zheng family from Hong Kong and Taiwan returned to Xingyang, Henan Province to worship their ancestors, the Su family from Taiwan Province went to Linzhang, northern Henan Province to look for their ancestors, and the Bai family from Singapore went to Longmen, Luoyang to worship Bai Juyi. In the 1990s, Thailand's Xie surname went to Tanghe and Nanyang in Henan Province to seek roots, Philippines' Hong surname went to Guangshan County in Henan Province to worship ancestors, Thailand's Singapore's Huang surname went to Gushi County in Henan Province to worship ancestors, and Hong Kong and Macao's Ye surname went to Yexian County in Henan Province to worship ancestors.

My Hakka roots are also in the Central Plains. The origin of Qiu Xing is due to the rise and fall of the Zhou Dynasty in Lujia, Jiang Ziya and the fief in Qiyingqiu. His third son, Mu Gong, commemorated his father's fief. At the same time, Qi Taigong Jiangga gave his third son A Mu territory, named Fengqiu, and lived in fengqiu county, Henan. 1 1 moved to Shandong, the 6th moved to Henan,14th moved to Shanghang, Tingzhou, Fujian,16th moved to Sichuan, 7th moved to Henan, 6th moved to Shicheng County, Jiangxi, 9th moved to Shibi Township, Ninghua, Fujian, and 4th moved to Meizhou, Guangdong. The Qiu family commemorated Yingqiu in Shandong Province, which began in Fengqiu, Henan Province. It has lived in Henan for 3 1 generation and lasted for thousands of years, so it is called "Henan Hall". Qiu ancestral hall couplet: "Henan Shize, Weishui Jiasheng." The so-called "Henan Shize" means that Qiu Daidai lived in Henan and won the favor of the Yellow River; The so-called "Weishui Family Voice" means that Jiang Ziya Lu Shang, the ancestor of Qiu's family, fished in Panxi Village on the Weishui River, and was worshipped as a teacher, and was respected as a teacher to help Zhou destroy Zhou, which made the Zhou Dynasty famous. However, the descendants of Qiu's family must not disgrace the traditional family reputation of their ancestors.

3. Where is the guest going?

Hakkas migrate, migrate, and migrate again. Hakkas go south, south, and then south. Where on earth are the Hakkas going? It seems that Hakkas should first understand their surname "Ke" and understand the word "Ke" seriously and profoundly. Shuowen's interpretation of "guest" is: "From afar, each voice." It is clear that the word "guest" is composed of "meter" and "individual". "Rice" means "crossing a deep house"; "Ge" means "different words", which comes from the mouth. If you don't listen to the other person, you will stop. The literal surface understanding of "guest" is only superficial, and it must be understood from the fundamental meaning of "guest".

Hakkas must have a deep understanding of the meaning of living. This is to understand the meaning of life from the process theory. The universe of life itself is already a passer-by A person's life is short, and a guest residence is even more temporary, let alone a "passer-by". Hakkas are constantly migrating and staying in strange environments. In order to adapt to the new environment and strangers, we must seize the time, cherish the time, study hard, work hard, and never be slack, and always be in a proactive attitude. Only in this way can we survive and have the meaning of life.

Hakkas must have an independent personality. This is to understand the value of survival from the perspective of personality cultivation. The word "Ge" in the word "Ke" always reminds Hakka people that they must pay great attention to personality cultivation. Because Hakkas fled in the war, in order to survive, they lived in other places and under the fence, so they were very prone to attachment, servants and employment, and even lost their independent personality. Pueraria lobata attached to the trunk cannot grow independently because of its short root system. Hakka's roots are in the Central Plains, rooted in the fertile soil of China traditional culture. Therefore, whether it is transplanted to Wuling Mountain in Guangdong, Fujian and Jiangxi, or coconut wind and banana rain in Nanyang, or beautiful rain in Europe, it can grow independently and tenaciously.

Hakkas must deal with the relationship between subject and object. This is the role of knowing oneself from epistemology. The relationship between "subject" and "guest" develops dialectically. People are both "passers-by" and "masters" in the universe, which is what people usually call objective existence and subjective understanding. When and where is the "guest" and when and where is the "master" are determined by time and space and power. After the Hakkas moved south, they began to send (Yuan) south (Song) in the late Southern Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. It can also be said that the multi-ethnic integration in history has created opportunities for Hakkas, and finally the Han Hakkas were born in the integration of Mongolian and Han nationalities. Later, Hakkas migrated to all parts of the world, merged with foreign nationalities and expanded the ranks of Hakkas. The historical reason for the formation of Hakka is the "war" or "integration" in the Central Plains, which is only expressed from the perspective of "subject" and "object".

Hakkas must know the hospitality etiquette. This is the principle of dealing with people. The word "guest" includes both "being a guest" and "entertaining guests". Is the rice from your own family or someone else's? Of course, your own house should be clean and tidy when receiving guests, and you must get permission from others when entering other people's houses. "Ai" is the footprints left by your own two calves, or the footprints left by other people's two calves. That is to say, the Lord is at the pleasure of the guest, or the guest is at the pleasure of the Lord. "Mouth" is your own mouth or someone else's mouth. "Mouth" is used for talking, eating and drinking. Whether you are a guest or a guest, the traditional word "guest" will reduce the number of items in the room. Moreover, the word "bin" sounds like "bin", and the guests get along well and are polite. In the process of continuous migration, Hakkas are constantly staying, so the level of "staying" and "entertaining" is also constantly improving. However, after living in the mountainous area, the Hakka people have less opportunities to be "guests" and "entertain guests" because of the relatively closed environment, so they tend to be more enthusiastic and less polite.

Hakkas must unite under the same roof and build a human family. The word "guest" consists of two words: "rice" and "ge". In addition, Hakka people migrate and live in mountainous areas, which easily leads to the phenomenon of each occupying the mountain and each taking care of his own. Because the names of "Hakkas" are not named after regions, their unity lacks regional cohesion. They can only rely on * * * with the Central Plains descent, * * with the fate of migration, * * with cultural traditions, * * with language customs, * * with the Hakka spirit, encouraging each other and working hard in various places. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen Hakka unity, and the World Hakka Congress is an excellent form of Hakka unity. Being in a foreign land, treating guests as relatives. We should not only strengthen the unity of Hakkas, but also strengthen the unity with the people where Hakkas live. Especially today, with China's entry into WTO, the whole world will be integrated into a global village, and Hakkas should unite with people all over the world to build a beautiful human family.

Fourth, "guest" goes to "home"!

Hakkas are "guests" everywhere and "home" everywhere. The word "home" is interpreted in Shuowen as "living in a house, from the perspective of preserving sound." Home is a place to live, not only to have a house, but also to domesticate livestock, multiply population, develop production and live a happy family life. This is the most basic life that everyone wants to pursue, especially the Hakkas in the process of migration. However, the Hakka people in Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong have different understandings of "home": Gannan emphasizes the hidden Feng Shui in the home, western Fujian emphasizes the family pedigree, and northeastern Guangdong emphasizes the decent scenery in the home.

The main route of Hakkas' southward migration is to cross the Yangtze River, Poyang Lake and Ganjiang River, and from northwest Jiangxi to south Jiangxi. Gannan occupies the whole narrow strip in the south of Jiangxi Province. In ancient times, it was the throat channel for the Central Plains to communicate with Guangdong and Fujian. Luoxiaoshan in the west of Gannan blocks Hunan, Dayuling in the south blocks Guangdong, and Wuyishan in the east blocks Fujian. Only Dayu in the southwest has a long lane, and Kaimeiguan in Zhang Jiuling in the Tang Dynasty connects Jiangxi and Guangdong. Southeast from Shicheng to Ninghua Shibi is also a flat land, which breaks Wuyi and connects Jiangxi and Fujian. These passages are not only the route for Hakkas to move south, but also the route for Guangfu people and chaozhou people to move south before. Therefore, the Hakka cultural characteristics and Hakka consciousness of Gannan people are relatively weak. They only know that they are from Gannan, Jiangxi, but they don't know that they are Hakka, and they don't know what a "Hakka" is. People who first came to live in Gannan were "guests" or "homes", but their focus was "home" above the word "guest" and "home" above the word "home". If you want to build a good house, you should pay attention to the geography and geomantic environment of the house, so there are many talents called "geomantic theory" in Gannan Hakka. Yang Junsong, who was revered as the originator of the "situation school" by the geomantic circles in Tang Dynasty, turned geomantic art serving the imperial court into a pauper, and took an apprentice to teach skills in Sanliao, Xingguo. After the Great Wall was politically surveyed and restored in the Ming Dynasty, Xiangbu surveyed the Temple of Heaven. Liao, a fellow countryman, inspected the construction of the main tomb of the Ming Tombs and the Dahuang City Site site of the Forbidden City. In addition, there are many feng shui masters, such as Zeng,,, Wang Ji.

The stone wall in Ninghua, western Fujian is called "the cradle of Hakka" and "the ancestral land of Hakka", with the legend of "Getengkeng", which strongly illustrates the importance of continuing the family lineage. "Once upon a time, Huang Chao rebelled, wielding swords over mountains and killing people at every turn; Two men, a virtuous woman and a boy, went out to escape, Huang Chao and Lu Yu. Nest on the back blame the elders, carry the young side by side, because knock it. That woman doesn't know what she met. It's Huang Chao. She said: I heard that Huang Chao rebelled and killed people everywhere, and she will come one day; Brother's first brother became an orphan and his parents died. He was afraid of being caught by thieves and even deprived of blood and food, so he lost to his back. Young people have practical children and dare not buy nephews, so they take them with them. The sage of Jia Chao comforted him and said, Don't be afraid! The chaos in the nest scares kudzu vine. Hurry home and hang the door with kudzu vine. When the ants arrive, they won't fight. When the woman came back, she was anxious to live in the pithead, where kudzu vine was hung. When the soldiers passed by the nest, they all told the nest not to kill the people who hung kudzu vine. Knowing that you dare not enter, cheat people won't die. Later people called it kudengkeng. Today, Hakkas all over the country are first and foremost residents of Kutengkeng. " According to the genealogy records of Hakka surnames, many of them regard the stone wall of Ninghua as an important transit point to continue the incense. Such as Guan, Zhong, Deng, Wu, Luo, Lai, Li, Chen, Lei, Qiu, Wu, Yang, Wen, Ouyang, Yi, Liu, Tang, Shi, Xia, Huang, Bei, Hong, He, Wu, Sun, Zeng Lan, Fan, Liao, Xie, Wu and Zheng. Peng, He, Ye, Long, Tong, Miao, Diao, Cheng, Yu, Yu, Jiang Mao, Zhu, Tu, Rao, Weng, Hu, You, Que, Bai, Yuan, Zhan, Yan, Gong, Bu, Gu, Fang, Xing and so on. If Hakka surnames want to compile genealogy, they have to contact Shibi and Shanghang in Ninghua, western Fujian.

Meizhou, Guangdong, known as the world's "Hakka capital" and "Hakka center", can indeed become a representative of Hakka people. Meizhou Hakka people's pursuit of decent scenery at home has always been regarded as an important life value. The pronunciation of "rice" above the word "guest" and "home" is similar to that of "face". To be able to support the family facade, the key is to produce talents, which is called outstanding and big face. In history and reality, the leading figures of Hakka are all born in Meizhou, or their ancestral home is in Meizhou, or their ancestral home is in Meizhou. These figures not only inspired countless Hakkas, but also influenced China and the world. In Qing Dynasty, Luo Fangbo developed Kalimantan and became a great chief. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom established by Hong Xiuquan shocked the Qing court. Autumn is patriotic and Taiwan is firmly protected. Sun Yat-sen overthrew the feudal monarchy and the Chinese nation began a new era. Ye Jianying participated in the establishment of the Republic of China and saved the fate of China during the Cultural Revolution. Lin Fengmian used a colored pen to communicate the eastern and western arts. Lee Kuan Yew has built a modern country in Singapore, which is short of water and land, and is known as the "father of the country". Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra won the support of the Thai people with honesty and deepened the friendship between Thailand and China. The appearance of these figures is inseparable from Meizhou's tradition as a hometown of overseas Chinese and culture. In addition, different Hakka accents in different places are based on Meizhou Hakka dialect.

No woman, no home. Home, marry also. Mencius said: "The husband was born with a house for him, and the woman was born with a home for him." The "home" here is the husband. No wonder a female singer sobbed and sang "I want to have a home." This "home" does not want to have a house, but to find a man to marry. At least 70% of Hakka's "home" should belong to Hakka women. The above-mentioned women in the Getengkeng, the folk song girl who is faithful to love, the Confucian scholar who mowed the grass to save Song Dimin, and the "Bigfoot Man Zi" Hong are all myths of Hakka women. Ordinary Hakka women can do everything, such as "sticking their heads to the ground", "tutoring their tails", "cooking in the pot" and "sewing". In the world, Hakka women can be said to be the most hardworking, self-respecting, self-reliant, ethical and civilized, and the most United and mutually supportive women. They are the full embodiment of Hakka spirit.

Fifth, the fundamental significance of "Hakka"

Hakka people are rooted in the Central Plains, and seeking their roots and ancestors is a symbolic form. More importantly, we should understand the fundamental meaning of "Hakka". The fundamental meaning of "Hakka" can be considered from the following four aspects:

The first is the historical significance of Hakka. If you don't understand Hakka, you can't understand the migration history and integration history of the Chinese nation. This kind of migration has been going on, no matter how it is done and how big it is. To this day, many people who work in Guangdong from the north of the Central Plains are often called "new Hakkas". It is precisely because of the constant migration and the collision and integration of various regional cultures that a history of China is constantly activated. It can be said that if you don't understand Hakka, you can't really understand China.

The second is the world significance of "Hakka". Changing the custom of "two burials" or even "nine burials and nine relocations, and a hundred burials for ten thousand years" is a form in which Hakkas who travel all over the world do not forget their ancestors during their migration. In fact, migration is not a Hakka patent: Guangfu people and chaozhou people were the first people to move from the Central Plains to Lingnan; Most of the residents in North America in the world are English-speaking "Hakkas" who immigrated from Europe, while South America is the home of many Spaniards and Portuguese, and Australia is the place where Europeans and Asians send tourists. Hakkas have a strong sense of seeking their ancestors and roots, and they have a kind of synaesthesia and a kind of * * * complex for "Hakkas of the same clan in the world".

The third is the scientific significance of "Hakka". With the development of science and technology, the tools of human migration have changed from walking, horseback riding and boat riding to taking cars, trains and planes. With the development of science and technology, the scope of human migration is not only the ends of the earth, five continents and four seas, but also going to space. Being a "guest" in space has become a fashionable topic in human tourism; Ensuring the space of "home" has become a common scientific research topic in developed countries. To "be a guest" on other planets and "settle down" on other planets are not all our scientific research topics?

Fourth, the spiritual significance of "Hakka". Where the "guest" goes and where the "home" is, it is an eternal topic that everyone keeps thinking in the depths of his soul. People's pursuit of value can only be famous if they are "guest stars" everywhere, and they can only get married if they are as fertile and productive as tapirs. Isn't it the profound connotation of Hakka that there is a "house" with material shelter, a "reputation" with independent personality, a "love" with spiritual belonging and a "property" with multiplier function? Isn't this the spiritual home of mankind?

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