Is the resettlement of the Three Gorges Project an economic factor or a political factor?

The comprehensive supervision of resettlement in the Three Gorges Project of the Yangtze River is an innovation in the management of reservoir resettlement projects in China. This work started with 1994, was piloted with 1996, and was fully implemented with 1997. It has been 10 years. Practice has proved that the comprehensive supervision of the Three Gorges resettlement, a new comprehensive technical and economic management system in the whole process of regional integration, has played an important role in promoting the full implementation of the development resettlement policy in the Three Gorges resettlement work, promoting the democratic and scientific decision-making of leading organs, improving the management level of resettlement management institutions, effectively monitoring the progress, quality and investment of resettlement projects, ensuring the smooth implementation of resettlement tasks and funds, the smooth implementation and successful completion of resettlement work, and ensuring the smooth realization of resettlement goals.

I. Major Achievements of Comprehensive Supervision of Three Gorges Project Resettlement in 10

/kloc-in the past 0/0 years, the comprehensive supervision of resettlement in the Three Gorges Project has achieved remarkable results, mainly in the following six aspects:

1, which created a new way of comprehensive immigration supervision and established a new working mechanism for immigration supervision.

In order to overcome the limitation of single immigration supervision in the past and meet the needs of wide supervision, many projects, large quantity and long time for the relocation and resettlement of millions of immigrants in the Three Gorges, the Three Gorges immigration supervision put forward and implemented a comprehensive and systematic supervision. According to the principle of engineering construction supervision and the supervision and evaluation method of the World Bank, the whole process of resettlement is analyzed and evaluated, and it is divided into three categories: counties, provinces and cities and the whole reservoir. At the same time, according to the management system of the Three Gorges resettlement work, the management mode of "unified management of provinces and cities and their respective responsibilities" has been established and improved. A comprehensive immigration supervision system including organization, rules and regulations, information submission and application of results has been established and improved. The new working mechanism of immigration supervision has been established and improved in three aspects: comprehensive supervision units undertake monitoring and provide supervision information and results; immigration management departments organize management and use supervision results; and leading decision-making organs to master and use supervision information. So as to effectively promote the full implementation of development immigration policies and immigration policies and regulations in all parts of the reservoir area, promote the democratic and scientific decision-making of leading organs, help improve the management efficiency and management level of immigration management institutions, and supervise immigration planning and planning. Implement the plan, standardize the construction management of resettlement projects, and warn the major issues of resettlement. It has played an important role in ensuring the normal progress and quality of the resettlement project, the smooth implementation of the "double contract" for resettlement and the smooth completion of the resettlement work, and ensured the smooth completion of the first and second phases of the resettlement work in the Three Gorges reservoir area.

The comprehensive supervision of resettlement, a new comprehensive technical and economic management system and method, has also been affirmed and recognized by the National Development and Reform Commission, the State Economic and Trade Commission and the Immigration Development Bureau of the Ministry of Water Resources, and has been popularized and applied in the national reservoir resettlement work.

2. Timely and comprehensively reflect and provide dynamic information, important information and emergency information on the relocation and resettlement of the Three Gorges migrants, and give full play to the "eyes and ears" role of the leading decision-making organs and immigration management departments of the Three Gorges migrants.

In the past 10 years, the comprehensive immigration supervision has provided more than 600 quarterly, semi-annual and annual reports, as well as hundreds of supervision evaluation reports, consultation suggestions reports and special briefings by submitting quarterly, semi-annual and special reports. * * * More than 60 million words (including data). So as to timely, accurately and comprehensively reflect and provide the resettlement information of counties, provinces, cities and the whole reservoir area, including the progress, quality and investment completion of nine categories of resettlement projects, including rural resettlement, urban relocation, market town relocation, industrial and mining enterprises relocation, professional engineering reconstruction, cultural relics protection, ecological environment protection, geological disaster prevention and reservoir bottom cleaning, as well as information on major engineering accidents and major disasters. Helping leading organs and immigration management departments to timely understand and fully grasp the information and relevant situation of immigration work has played an important role in the immigration planning management, planning management, immigration project progress control, fund use control, quality control, the implementation of the "four systems" policy of immigration project construction, and the organization and coordination of immigration projects of the State Council Three Gorges Office, provincial, municipal, district and county governments and immigration management departments, which has effectively promoted the normal progress and progress of immigration work.

3, timely reflect and reveal the major problems and major contradictions in the immigration work, in order to ensure the normal and smooth completion of the immigration work played an important role in early warning and consultation.

Comprehensive immigration supervision evaluates major issues in immigration project construction and resettlement through follow-up monitoring and regular analysis, especially the key points, lagging points and weak links in resettlement. For example, the implementation of "double steamed buns" for immigrants, the implementation of "four systems" for immigrant engineering construction, the resettlement quality of backward rural immigrants, the resettlement of immigrants in urban production, the resettlement quality of workers in industrial and mining enterprises, the lagging relocation of market towns, the housing problem of urban residents, and the cleaning quality of reservoir bottom were monitored, analyzed and evaluated. The information and suggestions reflected and provided have attracted great attention from the leading organs and exit-entry administration departments, and have taken active measures to solve them. For example, in early 2002, the State Council Three Gorges Office sent nine investigation teams to inspect and guide the resettlement work in the reservoir area in view of the major problems discovered and raised by comprehensive inspection. In the first half of 2002, the the State Council Three Gorges Project Construction Committee held a video conference to study and solve the problems reflected by the comprehensive inspection, such as the slow progress of some resettlement projects and the low quality of reservoir bottom cleaning.

4. It provides a lot of basis and suggestions for the formulation and adjustment of the resettlement policy of the Three Gorges Project, and promotes the democratic and scientific decision-making of the leading organs.

/kloc-in the past 0/0 years, comprehensive supervision has provided basic data, information basis and suggestions for the superior to consider formulating policies such as rural resettlement, industrial and mining enterprise staff resettlement, urban resettlement, pure urban residents' commercial facade restoration, reservoir bottom cleaning quality, and "two prevention" (prevention and control of geological disasters and water pollution in the reservoir area), which is a powerful help and suggestion. For example, since 2002, the the State Council Three Gorges Office has regularly held an analysis and evaluation meeting on the comprehensive supervision report of the Three Gorges resettlement project every six months, forming an analysis report on the resettlement progress for the leadership's decision-making. At the same time, many basic data and suggestions in the comprehensive supervision report have been referenced and adopted by relevant leaders' speeches and relevant documents in the State Council. 1998 Some data and suggestions in the comprehensive supervision report were adopted in the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Several Issues Concerning the Resettlement Work in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (No.53 document issued by the State Council [1999]).

5. Carry out a lot of technical consultation. Helped and promoted the entry-exit administration department to improve management efficiency and management level.

Through technical consulting services, comprehensive supervision has become an important technical support and work assistant for exit-entry administration departments around the country. For example, the comprehensive supervision unit has sent more than 20 people to conduct technical training for the relevant immigration management personnel in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area 18 districts and counties; Implement a comprehensive supervision and quality inspection system to help immigration management departments effectively control the quality of immigration projects. According to incomplete statistics, through comprehensive supervision, more than 50 quality hidden dangers/kloc-0 were prevented and more than 20 major quality hidden dangers were avoided. Using network technology, Fengjie and Fengdu counties were helped to optimize the unified housing construction schedule, which effectively shortened the construction period and promoted the completion of the resettlement tasks in the two counties. According to Tong Zhi, since 1998, the rationalization technical suggestions put forward by the comprehensive supervision have directly or indirectly saved about 50 million yuan for the relevant districts and counties.

6. It has become an important part of the Three Gorges resettlement supervision system.

First, the results of the comprehensive supervision report on immigration are regarded as one of the bases for improving and strengthening the construction management of immigration projects by the immigration management departments at all levels, and the application of the results has been paid attention to by leaders at all levels and played an important supervisory role. Second, comprehensive supervision has twice participated in the inspection of resettlement projects organized by the State Council Three Gorges Construction Committee, and has become an important technical force for routine inspection of resettlement projects of the State Council Three Gorges Construction Committee. Thirdly, as an important technical force, the comprehensive supervision of resettlement participated in the acceptance of the first and second phases of the Three Gorges Project. The Comprehensive Supervision Report on the Construction of the Three Gorges Project on the Yangtze River is one of the important achievements of the resettlement acceptance of the second phase of the Three Gorges Project.

Second, the main experience and shortcomings of the comprehensive supervision of resettlement in the Three Gorges Project

Summing up the comprehensive supervision of 10 immigrants, there are five main experiences:

L, pay close attention to management innovation, implement leadership to support innovation and take the lead in innovation is the guarantee for the healthy development of comprehensive immigration supervision.

The comprehensive supervision of Three Gorges immigrants is a brand-new thing. It is the result of emancipating the mind and paying close attention to management innovation from brewing and pilot to full implementation and deepening development, which is closely related to the leaders of the State Council Three Gorges Office, Immigration Development Bureau, Hubei Province and Chongqing Municipality's great attention, support and pioneering innovation. In order to explore new ways of more effective immigration management, the leaders of the State Council Three Gorges Office and Immigration Development Bureau emancipated their minds and took the lead in making bold innovations. On the basis of absorbing the wisdom of the masses and the experience and lessons of immigration supervision at home and abroad, they have innovated a new way of immigration supervision with China characteristics, which has set an example that can be imitated and popularized for the national reservoir resettlement work. At the same time, the leaders of the State Council Three Gorges Office and Immigration Development Bureau regularly study the comprehensive supervision work every year, affirm the achievements, sum up the experience, find out the shortcomings, constantly innovate and deepen the development of comprehensive supervision work, vigorously promote and promote the gradual expansion of the scope of comprehensive supervision of immigrants, gradually deepen the supervision content, gradually diversify and enrich the supervision methods and means, and gradually expand and expand the supervision role, especially 200 1. On the basis of summing up the previous experience of comprehensive supervision work, comprehensive supervision was further innovated and established. At the same time, the leaders of the people's governments of Hubei Province and Chongqing Municipality and the Immigration Bureau attach great importance to comprehensive supervision, constantly innovate and promote the deepening development of comprehensive supervision. The deputy mayor in charge of Chongqing attaches great importance to the application of comprehensive supervision results, regularly reads and studies comprehensive supervision reports, and requires the immigration department to verify and rectify relevant major issues. Chongqing Immigration Bureau also stipulated the procedures and methods for the application of comprehensive supervision results, and guided and standardized the application of comprehensive supervision results. The Hubei Provincial Immigration Bureau also issued a document to all counties and districts to sort out and report the application of comprehensive supervision results to ensure comprehensive supervision.

The in-depth development of the application of scientific achievements.

2, pay close attention to the system construction, adhere to the management according to law is the basis for the development of comprehensive immigration supervision norms.

/kloc-since 0/0, the comprehensive supervision of Three Gorges immigrants has always attached importance to system construction, and relevant rules and regulations have been gradually improved from scratch, laying a solid foundation for comprehensive supervision of immigrants according to laws and regulations.

First, efforts should be made to establish and improve the legal system of immigration supervision and conduct comprehensive immigration supervision in a standardized and orderly manner. Since 1994, the the State Council Three Gorges Office and the Immigration Development Bureau have gradually formulated nine laws and regulations on immigration supervision, such as the Regulations on the Construction of the Three Gorges Project (Trial) and the Interim Measures for the Comprehensive Supervision and Management of the Resettlement of the Three Gorges Project, and initially established and formed a legal system for the supervision of the Three Gorges Project, so that the comprehensive supervision of immigrants can be carried out smoothly according to law. Second, pay attention to the construction of comprehensive supervision rules and regulations for immigrants, and formulate a model comprehensive supervision contract agreement, a comprehensive supervision result report format, and a series of comprehensive supervision rules and regulations such as comprehensive supervision planning, work implementation rules, and supervision work manuals, which standardize the working procedures, working methods, and results submission of comprehensive supervision.

3. Pay close attention to team building, establish and cultivate a comprehensive supervision team that is "especially capable of fighting", which is the basis for the sustainable development of comprehensive supervision of immigrants.

During the period of 10, a comprehensive supervision team with high quality, reasonable professional structure and "special combat effectiveness" was initially established through organizing training, assessment and certification. In addition to the comprehensive supervision and management department and the undertaking unit, the Three Gorges Resettlement Comprehensive Supervision Team consists of two comprehensive supervision units, namely, Changjiang Resettlement Supervision Company and Three Gorges Resettlement Supervision Department of Zhongnan Exploration Institute of Guodian Company. There are eight comprehensive supervision workstations 18 in the county of the reservoir area, and there are more than 80 comprehensive supervisors with supervision engineer qualifications 180. They climbed mountains and waded deep into the field all the year round, adhered to principles, earnestly performed their duties, and gave full play to the role of "eyes", staff, think tanks and assistants, which was well received by higher authorities, local governments, immigration departments and immigrants within the group.

4. Paying close attention to business construction, constantly innovating business and summarizing theory are the core of the sustainable development of comprehensive entry-exit supervision.

Since 10, the comprehensive supervision of the Three Gorges resettlement has been continuously innovated in business and summarized in theory, which has promoted the in-depth development of the comprehensive supervision of the resettlement. First, the comprehensive supervision index system and report format were unified, and the comprehensive supervision index management system software was developed and approved for unified use, which initially realized the comprehensive management, systematic management, standardized management and modern management of the comprehensive supervision information of immigrants in the Three Gorges reservoir area. Second, the research on the comprehensive supervision mode and index system of the Three Gorges migrants has been completed, and it has been reviewed by experts organized by the research group of the Immigration Development Bureau of the the State Council Three Gorges Project Construction Committee, which has a high theoretical level and practical value. Thirdly, the practice of comprehensive supervision of Three Gorges resettlement was seriously summarized, and the book "The Three Gorges Project Resettlement Supervision Reader" was compiled and published, which innovated and enriched the theory of reservoir resettlement supervision in China. Fourth, a number of academic papers on comprehensive resettlement supervision have been studied and compiled, and they have been exchanged at the annual meeting of the National Reservoir Economic Professional Committee in recent years and published in national journals, which has expanded the influence of comprehensive resettlement supervision in the Three Gorges area throughout the country and set an example. Fifth, the textbook "Comprehensive Supervision of Three Gorges Immigrants" was specially organized and compiled, and the relevant knowledge of comprehensive supervision was specially taught in several training courses. Sixth, pay close attention to training comprehensive supervisors. Held 12 training courses in Wuhan, Beidaihe Training Base and Yichang respectively, training 580 people.

5. Grasping achievements and making good use of this "leader" is the key to the in-depth development of comprehensive immigration supervision.

Practice has proved that the core and key of comprehensive immigration supervision work lies in the application of comprehensive immigration supervision results. The application of comprehensive immigration supervision results is not only the foothold and purpose of comprehensive supervision work, but also the "touchstone" to test the work quality and management level of comprehensive supervision units. Therefore, since 200 1, we have always grasped the achievements of comprehensive supervision and used this "leading role" to continuously promote the in-depth development of comprehensive supervision. In the past three years, the application of comprehensive supervision results has initially formed the characteristics of standardization, proceduralization and deepening, thus forming an organic control system of monitoring, feedback, rectification and control, which has effectively promoted the improvement of the control system of resettlement progress, quality and funds. The application of the results of comprehensive resettlement supervision has played an important role in helping to solve the major practical problems, key and difficult problems in the resettlement process, such as the lag of resettlement progress in Wushan, Fengjie and Fengdu, the high slope that affects the safety of resettlement areas, the poor quality of rural resettlement, the lag of the second-line submerged cultural relics and the quality of clearing the bottom, and achieved remarkable results.

By strengthening the application of the results of comprehensive immigration supervision, it has also effectively promoted the comprehensive supervision units to strive to improve the breadth and depth of monitoring and reflecting problems, and pay attention to continuously improving the quality of comprehensive supervision. At the same time, it has also promoted the comprehensive supervision and management department of immigrants to pay attention to improving management methods, continuously improve management level and efficiency, and push the comprehensive supervision of immigrants to a new level.

Comprehensive supervision of Three Gorges immigrants: Although remarkable achievements have been made, there are still some problems that need to be improved: for example, the training of comprehensive supervisors and supervisors needs to be strengthened to further improve the overall quality and professional ability of the comprehensive supervision team; The quality of comprehensive supervision results needs to be further improved: the application of comprehensive supervision results needs to be further strengthened, especially the inspection, supervision and feedback work and system of the application of comprehensive supervision results in districts and counties need to be improved and perfected;

Three. Suggestions on further improving and perfecting the comprehensive supervision of Three Gorges immigrants.

According to the practice of comprehensive supervision of the Three Gorges resettlement and the resettlement tasks in the third and fourth phases of the Three Gorges Project, the following suggestions are put forward to further improve and perfect the comprehensive supervision of the Three Gorges resettlement:

L, improve the Three Gorges resettlement comprehensive supervision commission mode, strengthen the management and supervision of contract execution.

Through the assessment of the comprehensive supervision contractor of the second phase of the Three Gorges Project, the State Council Three Gorges Office, together with the immigration bureaus of two provinces and cities, selected and determined the comprehensive supervision unit of the third phase of the resettlement, approved the standard contract text of the comprehensive supervision of the resettlement, and strengthened the management and supervision of the implementation of the comprehensive supervision contract of the resettlement. According to the requirements of the standard contract text of the State Council Three Gorges Office, the immigration bureaus in Hubei and Chongqing have signed the third and fourth entrusted contracts for comprehensive immigration supervision with the undertaker of comprehensive immigration supervision, and the supplementary terms of the contract should be negotiated with the undertaker of comprehensive immigration supervision every year according to the actual situation of immigration work.

2, to further clarify the responsibilities and tasks of the comprehensive supervision unit.

It is necessary to further clarify the responsibilities and tasks of the comprehensive supervision unit:-to reflect the implementation of immigration policies and regulations in the reservoir area in a timely manner. The second is to reflect the implementation of resettlement plans and plans, monitor and evaluate the overall progress and annual progress of resettlement and factories, and give early warning and suggestions on major issues. The third is to match and analyze the implementation of resettlement tasks and funds, and comprehensively monitor and evaluate the compliance and investment benefits of resettlement investment. The fourth is to monitor and evaluate the overall situation of quality and safety of resettlement projects. The fifth is to monitor and evaluate the quality and effect of resettlement. Sixth, cooperate with the the State Council Three Gorges Office and the immigration departments of the two provinces and cities to do a good job in the management of immigration and project construction, timely reflect the new situation and new problems in the planning and relocation of immigration projects, timely reflect emergencies, and carry out outstanding immigration problems and major activities; Special research.

3. Strengthen the monitoring and analysis of entry-exit comprehensive supervision and improve information management.

It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and analysis of the comprehensive supervision of immigrants and put forward realistic and feasible countermeasures and suggestions for leaders to make decisions. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the information exchange and management of comprehensive immigration supervision and strive to improve the quality and level of comprehensive immigration supervision information.

4. Continue to vigorously promote the application of comprehensive immigration supervision results.

The application of comprehensive immigration supervision results is a test of the quality and level of work of comprehensive supervision units and comprehensive supervision and management institutions at all levels, and also the purpose of implementing comprehensive immigration supervision system. First, continue to analyze and evaluate the comprehensive supervision report of the whole library every six months and every year, and form suggestions for the leaders of the State Council Three Gorges Office to make decisions. Hubei and Chongqing should also organize the analysis and evaluation of comprehensive supervision in this way. Second, all districts and counties in the Three Gorges reservoir area should establish a regular contact meeting system with the comprehensive management unit, and timely feedback the problems and suggestions put forward by the comprehensive management unit. Third, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision and inspection of the application of comprehensive supervision results in provinces, cities, districts and counties in the reservoir area and promote the application of results. Fourth, the comprehensive supervision unit should do a good job in the service of the application of results, and track and reflect the application of results.