Ferit orhan pamuk's resume.

Orhan Pamuk was born in a wealthy westernized family in Istanbul. He received an English education in an American private school in Istanbul. At the age of 23, he gave up his major in architecture at Istanbul University of Science and Technology to join the literary world and began his paper architecture career. His father was a construction worker and his family was relatively superior, but his parents divorced in high school and he lived with his mother. Because their mother has no job, they have a hard time these days. After entering high school, Pamuk began to write, which was opposed by the whole family, but he was desperate to embark on the creative road. Seven years later, he published his first novel, Governor seifert and His Sons, and won the First Novel Award of Turkish Daily and the Orhan Kejmar Novel Award.

Since the mid-1990s, Pamuk has gradually turned his attention to human rights and freedom of thought, and criticized the Turkish government by publishing articles on these issues. The cultural differences and exchanges between the East and the West described repeatedly in his novels have made his position as a middleman in the cultural exchanges between the East and the West widely recognized. 1985, his first historical novel "White Castle" made him famous all over the world. The New York Times Book Review said: "A new star is born in the East-Turkish writer Orhan Pamuk." In 2002, snow came out. In the book, he tried to use a new writing method to describe stories related to politics. In 2003, he published a novel about miniature, My name is Red. This novel has brought him a great reputation, established his literary position in the world literary world, and won the Dublin Literature Award, the highest prize in the world, the French Literature Award and the Italian Greenzana Carver Literature Award.

During his 30-year career as a writer, Pamuk devoted himself to writing, and successively won many honors such as the European Discovery Award, the American Independent Novel Award, the French Literature and Art Award, and the German Book Peace Prize. In 2005, his work "Istanbul" was nominated by Nobel Prize in Literature, which caused an uproar, resulting in a rare event that Nobel Prize in Literature was delayed for one week for the first time in 10 years. Because several judges are controversial about whether the award should be awarded to Pamuk.

In 2006, he was nominated by Nobel Prize in Literature again and won the prize.

In addition to his profound literary attainments, Pamuk also studied art when he majored in architecture at the university, and his study of art was quite good. Time spent studying art is no less than time spent studying literature. He likes art exhibitions all over the world every year and hangs around museums in various countries.

Pamuk rarely appeared in public all his life. In an apartment in Istanbul, he smoked and wrote for a long time. This apartment overlooks a bridge across the Bosphorus, which connects Europe and Asia. This seems to be a symbol of his thought and creation. Pamuk is outspoken and rebellious. His view of history and his criticism of the Turkish government in his works have aroused many voices at home and abroad. In particular, he recently talked about the situation of Turkish Kurds and the killing of Armenians in the early 20th century, which made him a thorn in Turkey's conservatives. In February 2005, Pamuk said in an interview with a Swiss weekly: "Thirty thousand Kurds and one million Armenians were killed in Turkey, but no one dared to talk about it except me." This taboo speech aroused the anger of the ultra-nationalist forces in the country. Five martyrs accused him of harming the whole people and accused him of "insulting Turkey's national identity" by invoking Article 30 1 of the Criminal Law. Since then, the Turkish government has been under strong pressure from the international community, especially the European Union. In June 65438+February 65438+June 2005, Pamuk appeared in Istanbul for trial, but in June 65438+10 of the following year, the judge ruled that the plaintiff could not represent the whole people and his personal rights were not harmed. The plaintiff refused to accept the appeal. On June 5438+ 10, 2008, the Court of Appeal ruled that the scope of the so-called individual rights was not clearly defined in the Turkish legal system, so the original reason for withdrawing the lawsuit could not be established.

Today's Turkish English daily Zaman analyzed that this ruling opened the door for thousands of national martyrs and even every Turk to sue Pamuk. The plaintiff's lawyer Kemal Kerincsiz is an extreme nationalist. Earlier, he encouraged all martyrs to go to court and take all his Nobel Prizes. Compared with the bad luck of getting shot in the street, three years in prison may be nothing. Orhan Pamuk must be careful, because a teenager will shoot him in the street at any moment, just like they killed Armenian Turkish journalist hrant dink a year ago. On June 24th, 2007, Yasin Hayal, a suspect arrested for the murder of Dink, shouted to reporters gathered outside the door: "Orhan Pamuk, be smart! Be smart! " This naked threat made Pamuk cancel his visit to Germany, a country with many Turkish immigrants, board a plane to the United States and stay overseas for several months.

Extremists obviously don't want to spare the writer, they will lynch him. At the end of June 5438+ 10, 2008, major Turkish newspapers reported on the front page that the police had cracked down on the extreme right gang "Ergenekon Action", arrested 13 people and obtained an assassination plan against Pamuk. All these plots of the gang are aimed at creating social unrest and promoting the military coup in 2009.

13 detainees, including underground gang leaders and retired generals, one of whom asked his followers to swear: "If you don't kill people, you will be killed." Kemal Klinxiz, the lawyer mentioned above, is also among them. However, due to the complexity of the incident, the gang's behind-the-scenes relations in the military, political and legal fields are intertwined, so it is difficult to predict whether the suspect will eventually be sent to court.

It also shows us how dangerous Pamuk is. He has gained great popularity, but Nobel Prize in Literature in 2006 didn't get him out of danger, but became a bundle in the eyes of extremists. People who hate him think that the Nobel Prize has amplified the influence of his speech and made the nation even more humiliated, so from the day he won the prize, he spared no effort to criticize the Swedish Academy. Pamuk may escape endless lawsuits and bloody black guns, but it is hard to stop critics from cutting blades on paper. On February 22, 2007, 65438+ Canada's Globe and Mail published a book review with a long cover, a large photo of Paphos and a sensational title: Pamuk: Prophet or hypocrite? ",not only ironically called him" melancholyegomaniac "in the article, but also criticized the credibility of his honor again.

In Pamuk's widely respected western world, such comments must be unusual. The writer of the article is ClaireBerlinski, an American woman writer living in Istanbul. She recalled Pamuk's controversial remarks on Armenia and the incident in which he was prosecuted, suggesting that Pamuk deliberately used the above arguments to make it a "mousetrap" that attracted the attention of the Nobel Committee.

"Pamuk is a talented writer," Bo Xilai said with a strange accent. "However, no one in his right mind would believe that this award is based on literary contributions."

The book reviewed by Belinschi in this article is Pamuk's new English translation of prose and story collection Other Colors. She claimed that Pamuk was full of depression, but she didn't understand what sadness was.

These qualities can undoubtedly rise to great literature. She wrote, citing Poe's famous article as an example: "The seagulls in Pamuk are considered as Poe's crows. If you can make it interesting or scary. "

She added: "My dissatisfaction with Pamuk's melancholy, at least the melancholy described in his different colors, is not that I suspect that he is pretending to be sad, but that in my opinion, he has not succeeded in sublimating it into art."

Ms. Belinschi also said: Turkish repression of domestic writers has created an extremely gloomy literary style, and Pamuk has made this style extremely popular. She described Pamuk as a "melancholy megalomaniac"-an extreme egoist, too lofty and too anxious, and asked readers to imagine what it would be like to date him.

"When he appeared in the restaurant, he was wearing a black turtle neck and waving an annotated version of" Basement Notes "in his hand, deliberately letting the cover go out." Look, she is quoting Dostoevsky's image to readers. "In a few minutes, he will tell you that the book he read is different from all Turks. Books are my motivation. He would say. "

Although I haven't met Pamuk in person, Ms. Belinschi obviously doesn't like a man like him and thinks he is boring and, in Chinese, too sour. She also read from Different Colors that Pamuk's depression is largely due to his desire to be a great writer, which makes him a "sad hypocrite"-a poser.

Belinschi's article was quickly fed back to Turkey and became a new dagger and spear for Pakistani opponents. As far as I can find Turkish English newspapers, there is a lot of controversy. The Nobel Prize Committee of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Swedish Academy announced that this year's Nobel Prize in Literature will be awarded to Turkish writer Orhan Pamuk. The Swedish Academy Prize for Literature said in the award announcement that Bell was awarded the prize for literature because he "found a new symbol of the conflict and interlacing among civilizations in the pursuit of the melancholy soul of his hometown". Pamuk won a prize of 6,543,800,000 Swedish kronor (about 6,543,800 US dollars).

Pamuk was shocked and worried when he learned that he had won the prize. Although he also said, "this is a great honor and a great honor, and I am very happy about it." However, he said that there may be hostile reactions in Turkey. "Unfortunately, I won this award as the first Turk, which made things special and politicized. This may bring further burden. "

Pamuk's fears have also been confirmed to some extent. His award really caused two different reactions in Turkey. Those who support him believe that this incident has strengthened the status of Turkish culture and supported Turkey's accession to the European Union. However, his opponents think Pamuk is an opportunist. If he hadn't admitted the massacre of Armenians, he wouldn't have won the prize, and his behavior would have damaged Turkey's reputation. Recently, overseas media reported that Turkish nationalists intend to sue the Nobel Prize Committee of the Royal Swedish Academy for protesting the award of Nobel Prize in Literature to Pamuk.

After winning the prize, Pamuk said in a leading question from a Swedish media reporter: "Now is the time to celebrate. Now is not the time for me to make political comments to enjoy this wonderful time. " But at the same time, he stressed that this award "is first of all a reward for the Turkish language, Turkish culture and Turkish country, and also a recognition of my work, which is also my modest contribution to the great cause of writing novels."

On February 8, 65438, Pamuk delivered his acceptance speech "Dad's suitcase" at the Nobel Prize ceremony, reviewing his literary growth. In his acceptance speech, he said: A novel is something created by a person who shuts himself in his room and sits at his desk, and a person retreats to the corner to express his thoughts-and this is the meaning of literature. Literature is the most valuable treasure house collected by human beings in the process of seeking to know themselves. We need patience, desire and hope to create a profound world that only listens to our inner voices. The starting point of real literature begins with the writer locking himself in his room and reading.