Why is there a civil war? The last lesson-what is the background of the Franco-Prussian War? Why did Hitler kill Jews?

Because of the contradiction between the plantation economy in the south and the capitalist economy in the north, most slaves were escorted to the south of the United States and demanded independence. The south started the war first (by shelling Fort Sumter). The federal army recruited blacks as never before. Although most black soldiers were only assigned to do some low-level jobs, President Lincoln's move still won the support of black slaves and became one of the factors for the victory of the Civil War.

States in the United States have been arguing with the central government, whether it is the power of the central government or the loyalty of citizens, and this competition has been unveiled almost from the beginning of the establishment of * * *. For example, the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions of 1798 openly oppose the citizenship law and the suppression of rebellion law. In addition, at the Hartford Conference, New England expressed its opposition to the war between President Madison and 18 12.

1828 and 1832, the national assembly passed the tariff increase for European industrial products to benefit the industries of the northern states. Because of this

The tariff policy will have an economic impact on South Carolina and other southern States, which rely heavily on exporting agricultural products to Europe. South China agriculture in the United States is worried that European countries will retaliate against the United States and raise tariffs on American agricultural products, so it is ridiculed as "tariff aversion". In response, the South Carolina legislature convened a state congress and passed the Regulations on the Abolition of Federal Laws, declaring the state's 1828 and 1832 tariff laws invalid. The state legislature has also passed relevant laws to implement regulations, including authorizing the organization of troops and the purchase of weapons. In response to the threat from South Carolina, Congress passed the military mobilization bill. In June 1 832+065438+1October, President andrew jackson sent seven small naval vessels and1armed warships to Charleston. In February, 10, 10, Jackson refuted one side of the provisions on the right to annul federal statutes.

On the eve of the Civil War, the United States was a country composed of four different regions:

Northeast China (now New England)-growing industry and commerce and corresponding population density growth;

Northwest-Free farmers have developed rapidly here. Thanks to the Northwest Regulations, there will never be slavery here.

Shangnan-reclamation field, but economic recession in some areas;

Southwest China-a cotton economic zone that has mushroomed.

At this time, a masterpiece that shocked the world, Uncle Tom's Cabin, was published. It was forcibly reprinted as soon as it was published. The reader wipes his tears while reading, and the observer has a sore nose while listening. The publication of this book made the people in the north know the bitterness and tears of slaves and accelerated the promulgation of the "Abolition Order".

Before the outbreak of the civil war, the American Constitution provided the basis for peaceful debate for the future government, and it could balance the conflicts and contradictions of interests in this new state relationship. A few years later, the number of free States and slave States gradually balanced the Senate through compromise. Texas, the last slave state, was recognized in 1845, and five free states were recognized between 1846 and 1859. Kansas, originally a slave-holding state, was rejected before and joined as a free state in 186 1. Subsequently, a large-scale democratic industrial revolution and industrialization wave arose in the north, and the old two-party system was lifted. The increasingly hostile ideology makes it increasingly impossible to conclude gentleman's agreements (such as Missouri compromise and 1850 compromise) to avoid crises in the past. At the same time, the use of slaves in the southern States makes the northern States the first choice destination for new immigrants, so that the advantages of the north in parliamentary and presidential elections are getting stronger and stronger according to the population size.

1850s, the nature and intensity of party struggle changed dramatically. The American Republican Party was founded in 1854. Both this new political party and Lincoln are opposed to free trade in order to protect emerging industries in the northern United States, which is completely opposite to today's Republican Party (Harvard Business Review, April 2009). In order to win the support of the majority of voters who opposed slavery in the north, the * * * and the party were initially vague about slavery. * * * The Republican Party has won many former Whigs and former members of the Democratic Party in the North. They are worried that the US Senate, the Buchanan administration and the Supreme Court will be disproportionately influenced by the South.

At the same time, the rich profits of cotton deepened the south's dependence on farming and slaves. The owners of a few slaves, especially cotton growers, controlled the politics and society in the South.

* * * Republican Lincoln's election triggered a split in the South. Lincoln was a moderate who opposed slavery. He promised to do his best to oppose the expansion of slavery in the new territory (that is, to prevent any new slave-holding States from joining the union); But he also said that the federal government could not abolish slavery in the state where it was implemented, so he would enforce the slave escape law. Worried about the abolition of slavery in some party member and the weakening of the power in the south, South Carolina finally declared its secession, which eventually led to the secession of other southern states. Lincoln even encouraged abolitionists in 1858 to gradually and peacefully terminate slavery by giving economic compensation to slave owners and organizing former slaves to move out of slave-holding states.

Because Lincoln won the presidential election, the slave state lost the balance of power in the Senate and will face continuous weakness after decades of control by the presidential palace and Congress. Renye Fang felt powerless to stop protectionist tariffs similar to Morelle's tariff law.

Before the resolution of Kentucky and Virginia in 1798 and the crisis of refusing to enforce the federal law in 1832, it was argued that the south unilaterally exercised state power to secede from the Federation on the grounds of tariff threat.

The background of the last lesson

Based on the experience and feelings of a primary school student in Alsace who took the last French class in the Franco-Prussian War, this paper truly reflects the grief and indignation of the people in the occupied areas of France-Alsace and Lorraine, their love for the lost land and language of the motherland, and their firm will to fight for the liberation and reunification of the motherland, which embodies the lofty patriotism of the French people.

The reason why Hitler killed Jews

One is because Jews are too smart.

Jews have emerged a large number of outstanding talents in the fields of economy, science, art, etc. For decades, the proportion of Jews who won the Nobel Prize was much higher than that of other nationalities. The advantage of Jews in intellectual activities is closely related to their family education. (1) Rich cultural heritage: Although Jews left their homes in the long-term national disaster, they were scattered all over the world. They tenaciously maintained their own culture, but also absorbed the cultural essence of the host country. Only in this way can we have a broader vision, richer knowledge and nutrients. (2) Persistent pursuit of education: A foreign writer wrote: "Jewish families should be highly praised for their knowledge, while non-Jewish families are dwarfed in this respect. This factor forms the basis of all other differences. " According to a survey conducted by UNESCO in 1998, in Israel, which is dominated by Jews, Israelis over the age of 14 read a book on average every month, and there are 4.5 million people in the country, and1100,000 people have library cards. (3) Rational way of thinking: Herbert Brown, a Nobel Prize winner and an American Jew, said, "My grandfather often asks me why today is different from other days. He asked me to ask my own questions, find my own reasons and then let me know why. Throughout my childhood, my parents encouraged me to ask questions. I never taught me to accept one thing by faith, but to ask for truth in everything. " (4) Eternal exploration emotion: Jewish families not only attach importance to knowledge, but also attach importance to talent. They advocate innovation and think that learning without innovation is just imitation. Learning should be based on thinking, dare to doubt and dare to ask questions. It can be seen that Marxist atheism education still has a great influence on everyone. Of course, it can't be said to be wrong, but this way of thinking can easily simplify history, because the influence of everything comes from all aspects and it is difficult to analyze clearly. For example, the Jewish problem, Nazi anti-Semitism may have economic reasons as your previous education (and its inference) said, but in the final analysis, it is religious reasons. Without this background knowledge, the analysis is absolutely one-sided. Sometimes in the case of unclear analysis, the "interest discrimination law" will be adopted, because the pros and cons are much easier to judge than justice and injustice.

Second, the historical background:

Christianity has always been anti-Semitic. According to the description in Microsoft Encyclopedia (I don't quite understand it), Jews refused to recognize Jesus as the savior because they adhered to the teachings of Judaism, which led to discrimination and persecution since Constantine accepted Christianity in the 4th century. St Augustine believed that Jews should be punished for this: accept poverty and humiliation. On the one hand, it persecuted Jews, on the other hand, it saved Jews from extinction for a long time in the Roman Empire and its successors. After the 8th century, the Germanic monarchs in Europe (the Frankish Empire and the Holy Roman Empire) encouraged Jews to settle somewhere in their territory. The reason is that Jews are good at doing business, but in fact Jews can't own land or become tenants of feudal lords, so they won't pose a threat to the power of lords. However, these privileges further deepen the resentment rooted in religion. But thanks to the protection of the lords, the Jews in Europe lived for at least 200 years. 1/The Crusade Movement in the 20th century rekindled the hatred of Christians towards Jews, and the Jewish settlements in Rhineland were cleared (1096). After that, until the Renaissance (16th century), Jews in western and central Europe were in dire straits and were constantly expelled by local rulers. The Nazi practice of issuing permits to Jews can be traced back to ancient times. It was stipulated by the Roman Catholic Church in the 2nd century A.D./KLOC-0 that Jews were forbidden to appear in public places on Easter and other festivals, and Christians were also forbidden to be neighbors with Jews. Because the Vatican also prohibits lending between Christians, Jews happen to be the ancestors of this future bank prototype. Like China, at that time, people who didn't farm were doing nothing, and lending was not a good thing. As for Jews, it is the person who has a silver lining in every dark cloud who has got the "talent" in the financial industry. During this period, many Jews expelled from Western and Central Europe fled to Poland and settled there. As for the reason, I didn't find out either. I only know that Poland (including Ukraine and Belarus today) was not a good place. Interestingly, the life enjoyed by Jews in the Islamic world at that time was far more moist than that in the Christian world. During the Renaissance, with the progress of science, technology and culture, Jews from Poland and other places began to return to Western Europe. However, tolerance does not mean acceptance. At this time, Jews did not obtain citizenship, and their personal and economic life was subject to many restrictions, such as living in a crowded Jewish community. At that time, the status of Jews was probably similar to that of southern slaves before the civil war, and they needed to contribute their own strength, but they could not enjoy equal rights. In the French Revolution at the end of18th century, nationalism overcame religious differences. From France (179 1) to Germany (187 1), all western European countries have recognized Jewish civil rights, and Judaism has changed accordingly. One of them is that prayer is no longer included in the requirements of Palestinian statehood. Of course, these changes are hostile to traditional Jews. Anti-Semitism, which began at the end of19th century, is more integrated with "racism" on the basis of religion. Racism has a long history (at least longer than Marxism). Although I don't agree with it, I believe that its appearance and relative prosperity must have its reasons. No matter whether the reason is reasonable or not, the result is the re-exile of Jews, from Russia, the most anti-Semitic country, to Western Europe, and from Western Europe to the United States. It was at this time that Palestinian statehood was put forward as one of the Jewish countermeasures. I believe everyone knows what happened in the Jewish world in the twentieth century, because it is closely related to "politics". Speaking of "politics corrupts history", I don't agree. What is history? History is yesterday's reality and politics is today's reality. History is the original work, and History of Political Corrosion is a re-creation. In fact, the biggest highlight of our history education process is that we basically ignore the influence of religion on politics. In fact, at least the relationship between European history and Christianity is inseparable. For example, the religious reform in Europe and the wars in Europe in the 15 and 16 centuries basically had a lot to do with it, which may be difficult to understand or even imagine for us who have been influenced by theistic education (including Confucianism and * * * productism) for a long time. I learned from Jewish history: 1. The persecution and exile of Jews is the mainstream; 2. A powerful nation is usually confident, while a confident nation is usually tolerant (of course, there are counterexamples now, and I don't know how to explain them); People who believe and persist should be respected (not necessarily respected), regardless of whether their beliefs are reasonable or not. As for anti-Semitism originating from Judas, how can Judas be a disciple of Jesus and believe in Judaism?

The third is religious and economic reasons.

Jews don't believe in Christ and believe in Judaism. It was the Jews who betrayed Jesus in those days, so Christians have a historical grudge against the Jews. Children from Christian families are taught that Jews are the embodiment of evil. Economically, Jews always belong to the richer class in the country where they live. In fact, some people are really rich and heartless. In fact, many Jews are the same now. For example, Soros, the financial tycoon who triggered the financial crisis in Southeast Asia, is extremely rich, but he has nothing to do with the state of Israel established by Jews. The affluence and inability of Jews to be human have aroused widespread disgust among the people. Hitler was facing an economic crisis at that time, and when he could not solve social contradictions, he pointed his finger at Jews, which provided an outlet for all social problems. In fact, before him, other countries were also hostile to Jews, including Britain, which represented justice. In fact, before the Second World War, Britain, in coordination with Germany and together with the Zionists, forcibly immigrated many German Jews to Palestinian slums. Later, the state of Israel was established in this place, but until now, there is still no peace between Israel and Palestine, and the curse has existed since the 1930s. That place was originally an Arab place, and it was difficult for the British to draw a piece for the Jews in the name of the League of Nations. Later, Germany once considered putting all European Jews in Madagascar and letting them die. Later, it was found that there were not so many resources, especially transportation capacity, and it was finally solved that the Jews were really massacred on a large scale. To put it bluntly, almost all countries in Europe hate Jews, but Hitler did it because he was stupid. Other countries discriminate but don't kill so many people, so they look noble. This religious hostility, like the hatred between Christians and Muslims, is hard for us in China to understand, because our Chinese religion has never been exclusive. Neither Taoism nor Buddhism is a god. Although the dispute between Buddhism and Taoism has always existed, at least it is orthodox in the eyes of the people, and there is no question of life and death. But Christianity and Islam are not like this. They are all monotheistic, and there is only one god. Those who believe in me are right, and those who don't believe in me are pagans, which is very incompatible. There are about 1 1 times of Crusades recorded in history, and more than N people died. Until18th century, the Turkish Empire besieged Vienna. Now many Arabs say that the US-Iraq war is actually a religious war. I don't think so. At least there is a reason for oil, but religious factors are hard to say in modern society.

Fourth, there are other reasons: 1. Before Hitler's rise, he suffered a lot from Jews, or suffered great humiliation. 2. Take killing chickens as an example. Imagine that I can kill the smartest nation and other nations will surrender. 3, personal interest, fun.