Causes and countermeasures of desertification in Australia

Although aborigines settled 50,000 years ago, Australia's development history is only over 200 years. /kloc-in the late 8th century, European immigrants landed and settled here, and agricultural production really started the development and construction of Australia. /kloc-After the discovery of gold mines in Victoria in the mid-20th century, the migration surged, which led to the gold rush, wanton deforestation, grazing, overgrazing and mining destruction. In addition, the rabbit has become a disaster (/kloc-it was introduced for people to hunt and relax in the mid-9th century, but later the Australian government killed the vegetation with a slime mold), and the unreasonable land use and low management level made the original good. Due to the limitations of people's understanding at that time, soil erosion did not attract the attention of the authorities. By the end of19th century, soil erosion has developed into a continuum, and thousands of square kilometers of barren land have been seriously eroded. By 1930s, Australia had suffered from severe drought, and with the impact of the world economic crisis, soil erosion was still not controlled. In addition, Australia is a flat country with no mountains and rivers, so the evaporation of surface water is very large, and 75% of the land area belongs to arid and semi-arid areas. Only the sandstorm that swept Melbourne in 1983 scattered 2 million tons of dust; In a sandstorm in the 1990s, the rolled-up dust circled the earth three times with the airflow. In 2002, the sandstorm that swept Griffith covered the city with a thick layer of dust within an hour, which made Australia experience the worst drought in 100 years ... In the last two or three years, there have been no serious sandstorms in Australia. The reason is that the management around the pasture has prevented the spread of land desertification.

In Australia, farms are generally divided into squares with cement columns and barbed wire, and different squares are different grazing areas. Australians usually don't graze continuously in the same pastoral area, but use different grazing areas in turn, so that the pasture has enough time to recover. The Australian government vigorously promotes animal husbandry. By mowing grass and keeping livestock in captivity, grass roots and grass stubble are preserved, thus playing a role in sand fixation. Animal husbandry in Australia is very strict, and it is not up to farmers to decide what to raise and how much to raise. The Australian government conducts a general survey of all pastures every year to determine the stocking capacity for the next year. In the same herd, the number of cattle and sheep is also scientifically calculated, thus realizing the organic combination of ecological benefits and economic benefits.

Land desertification in Australia is mainly reflected in grassland degradation, so the control of sandstorms in Australia is mainly concentrated on grassland. Australia strictly practices rotational grazing. In order to prevent sheep from pulling weeds and destroying vegetation, the Australian government has also vigorously promoted captivity. By mowing the grass to raise livestock, the grass roots are retained, which plays a role in sand fixation. Animal husbandry in Australia is very strict, and it is not up to farmers to decide what to raise and how much to raise. The Australian government conducts a general survey of all pastures every year to determine the stocking capacity of the following year. In the same herd, the number of cattle and sheep is also scientifically calculated, thus realizing the organic combination of ecological benefits and economic benefits.