Guo Huai moved out of the surname of Hongdong County, Shanxi Province.

The surname of Sophora japonica in Hongtong County, Shanxi Province is:

* * * There are 8 12 surnames transferred. People in Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Beijing, Jiangsu and other 18 provinces, more than 500 counties and cities, mostly think that their ancestors are Sophora japonica immigrants in Hongtong County, Shanxi Province.

Example of moving out the surname:

Li, Wang, Zhang, Liu, Chen, Yang, Zhao, Huang, Zhou, Wu, Xu, Sun, Hu, Zhu, Gao, Lin, He, Guo, Ma, Luo, Liang, Song, Zheng, Xie, Han, Tang, Feng, Yu, Dong, Xiao, Cheng, Cao. Fan, Fang, Shi, Yao, Tan, Liao, Zou, Xiong, Jin, Lu, Hao, Kong, Bai, Cui, Kang, Mao, Qiu, Qin, Jiang, Shi, Gu, Hou, Shao, Meng, Long, Wan, Duan, Lei, Qian, Tang, Yin and Li.

Historical reasons:

The antecedents and needs of population migration under Sophora japonica trees start from the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. Since the Mongolian cavalry defeated the Yuan Dynasty established by the Song people in the Central Plains, this land has been completely controlled by the Yuan regime. However, China's rule in the hands of the Yuan Dynasty was only 98 years. The founders of this regime won the world from horseback, and their achievements continued to the European continent. Their bloody skills are still widely circulated, but their culture is probably limited to fighting, and it is more difficult to govern the country. Civilization was suppressed under their rule.

Background of great immigrants in Ming dynasty:?

According to records, from the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370) to the fifteenth year of Yongle (14 17), they went through formalities in Pingyang, Shuozhou, Zezhou, Fenzhou and other places in Shanxi, passed through the big pagoda tree in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, and after receiving the "endowment", they immigrated to vast areas of the country. In this way, in the early Ming Dynasty, millions of immigrants moved to all parts of the country through the big pagoda tree in Hongtong County. Its time, scale and influence are unprecedented not only in the history of China, but also rare in the history of world immigration. After the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang unified the world, but at this time, the mountains and rivers were devastated, and most of Shandong, Henan and Hebei were uninhabited. In order to restore agricultural production, develop the economy, balance the population, make the world peaceful and consolidate the rule of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang adopted an immigration policy during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, and moved in according to the proportion of "four families stay one, six families stay two, and eight families stay three".

Historical time:

The exploitation of ordinary people in the Yuan Dynasty was extremely cruel. By the end of the Yuan Dynasty, natural disasters such as floods, droughts, locusts and epidemics continued. People everywhere could not survive and rebelled. Natural and man-made disasters, war, the central plains provinces ten households nine empty, the population dropped sharply. Compared with Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui and other places, Shanxi has suffered relatively few wars and natural disasters, and its society is relatively stable. As a result, refugees from neighboring provinces have flowed into Shanxi, making Shanxi more densely populated. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, there was a serious shortage of labor force in the Central Plains, and a large area of wasteland was left uncultivated, with little financial revenue. However, Shanxi is sparsely populated and lacks resources. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang decided to adopt a reclamation policy to balance the relationship between man and land throughout the country. During the fifty years from the early years of Hongwu to the fifteenth year of Yongle, the Ming government organized eight large-scale immigrants, involving more than 800 surnames in nearly 500 counties in 18 province. Shanxi is densely populated. Hongdong County is the largest and most populous county in the south of Shanxi, and immigrants bear the brunt. According to the Records of Hongdong County in Shanxi Province and the Records of Dahuaishu in Hongdong County, during the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the local government held seven meetings in Guangji Temple on the left side of Dahuaishu, and the landless peasants from Ze, Lu, Qin, Fen and Pingyang moved to the Central Plains, and the people who moved were given cattle, seeds and tolls. There is a locust tree next to the temple, surrounded by trees, one acre at a time. Local government officials go through the formalities for the victims under the tree, register them, form teams according to where they go, and then distribute all the items. The relocated people took their children and left their hometown to help the old and the young. In order to let the children remember their hometown and return to their hometown one day, they pointed to the big locust tree and the old stork nest on it and said, "Don't forget, if you can return to your hometown in the future and can't remember our village, you should first find this big locust tree full of old stork nests, and then slowly find your hometown." ..... when you are in a new place, you are a stranger. People who walk out from under the nest of the old stork of this big locust tree should take care of each other! " ? At the national level, the transfer of population from densely populated areas to areas with labor shortage will really help to resume production and increase fiscal revenue. However, for those who have been moved, it is conceivable that it is difficult to go to a completely strange place to start over. The immigration regulations formulated by the Ming government are "one for a family of four, two for a family of six and three for a family of eight"; In order to prevent the clan from growing, people with the same surname and clan can't move to a place yet. So family of origin was separated, some stayed in their hometown, and some were forced to migrate; People with the same surname have to change their surnames in order to move to the same place with their relatives. In order to prevent people from running away, the government tied people's hands behind their backs with ropes, and then strung hundreds of people together like cows. Over time, people who have been moved are used to walking with their hands behind their backs, which is the so-called "hands behind their backs". The other is "hand in hand". During the migration, everyone was not only tied behind his back, but also tied to a rope and held hands. After a long journey, sharing weal and woe, at the destination, it becomes a friend in need. So in Hongdong and many places, good friends will be called "hands-on". The person who was tied on the way to the escort wanted to pee, so he had to hurry to the escort team. After the soldiers agreed, they untied the rope tied to their hands. Since then, people have used "relieving oneself" to refer to defecation, and also called "relieving one's hands" and "urinating" as "relieving one's hands", which are still in use today. For thousands of years, people in many places in the Central Plains will be very close wherever they go, as long as they are under the nest of old storks. In the Central Plains, there are few old storks, so people call the "old stork nest" the "old stork nest". The concepts of "Shaanxi immigrants" and "Hong Tong Sophora japonica" were passed down from generation to generation by the descendants of immigrants. A generation of Sophora japonica has a history of 1800 years, and it is said to be an ancient Sophora japonica in Han Dynasty. In the eighth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1652), the Fenhe River flooded and the first generation of Sophora japonica was destroyed by the flood. The second generation of Sophora japonica has a history of nearly 400 years. In the third year of the Republic of China, the local government rebuilt the site of a big pagoda tree on the original site.

Measures for population migration:

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, wars were raging all over the country. Compared with the tragic situation that the Central Plains was facing all kinds of natural and man-made disasters, the neighboring Jinnan area of Shanxi was peaceful.

Because Jinnan area is surrounded by mountains and there is no natural moat to protect it, it is easier to defend than to attack the Central Plains.

The insurgents sent troops to attack Shanxi many times, but it was always difficult to capture because of the dangerous terrain. This also made the war at the end of the yuan dynasty not burn here. On the other hand, due to geographical and environmental factors, it happened that the weather was favorable, the crops were abundant, and the people had ample food and clothing and lived and worked in peace. People in the central plains heard that there was money here and they didn't fight, so they fled there one after another. As a result, compared with the sparsely populated areas in the Central Plains, Shanxi is overcrowded.