Football rule

Football (football; Football)

The origin of football

Football is an ancient sports activity with a long history. It is said that before the Middle Ages, the Greeks and Romans had already started playing football. On a rectangular court, they put the ball on the white line in the middle and kicked it to the other court with their feet. At that time, they called this game "Baja Storm". By the beginning of19th century, football was quite popular in some countries in Europe and Latin America at that time, especially in capitalist Britain. It was not until 1848 that the first written rule of football, Cambridge Rules, was born. However, numerous data show that ancient football in China appeared earlier than in Europe and has a longer history. In ancient China, football was called Cuju or Tuju, both of which meant kicking, and Juju was the name of the ball. The word "Cuju" first appeared in Historical Records, Bielu written by Liu Xiang in Han Dynasty and Biography of Hanshu Meicheng written by Yan Shizeng in Tang Dynasty. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, "Cuju" was very popular and became an elegant activity in the court. 1958 In July, when Dr. Havelange, the current president of FIFA, came to China, he said: Football originated in China. Of course, due to the limitation of feudal society, the ancient cuju activity in China did not develop into a modern football sport based on the principle of "fair competition". This qualitative leap took place in capitalist Britain.

Cuju Stone Carvings in Han Dynasty

At the beginning of 2004, FIFA confirmed that football originated in China, and cuju was the earliest recorded football activity. The Warring States Policy and Historical Records are the earliest records of Cuju. The former describes the popularity of cuju in Linzi (now Zibo), the capital of Qi State, more than 2,300 years ago, while the latter records that cuju was a way to train soldiers and assess their physique at that time ("you can also trip your bow, practice samurai and be knowledgeable").

The first person to go down in history for playing football.

Xiang Chu of the Western Han Dynasty was the first person to go down in history because of football, but his experience was unfortunate. According to Records of the Historian Biography of Bian Que and Cang Gong, Chunyu Kun, a famous doctor, treated Xiang and told him not to be overworked, but Xiang didn't listen and went out to play football. As a result, he vomited blood and died, which made Xiang Chu the first fanatical "fan" in the world.

The first starting list in history

The Han and Tang Dynasties was the most prosperous period for the development of ancient football in China, and the direct confrontation game developed. In the Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-907), the ball used in Cuju was changed from being filled with hair to being blown with the mouth, and two goals were used instead of the "bow room". In the Song Dynasty (AD 960-1279), Cuju had developed double-goal and single-goal competitions, and a club organization named Yun Qi Club or Round Club appeared. The balls used were blown by people with their mouths and inflated with a pump, which was more and more close to modern football.

Cuju was a means of training soldiers in Han Dynasty, and a relatively complete system was established. If the palace is specially set up, it is defined as a rectangle in the east-west direction, with six symmetrical "bow areas" at each end, also known as "bow rooms", each guarded by one person. There is a fence around the construction site. The game is divided into two teams, each with its own offense and defense, and the outcome is determined by the number of kicks into the opponent's bow room.

After the initial popularity in the Han Dynasty, cuju activities reached a climax in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and even the kicking method according to the position on the field appeared. Cuju has taken many forms in the Tang Dynasty, such as "bowing" based on the number of times of heading the ball, "beating in vain" in the center of the court, "jumping the bow" in which many people participate in fighting, and the game of setting up the goal. In this way, each team has a certain number of people and a fixed position, and it is stipulated that players can only play in their own positions and cannot move.

The Old Story of Wulin in the Southern Song Dynasty once listed the names and positions of the two teams in the "Thirty-two-player Ball Building" competition: "Sixteen people in Zuo Jun: Zhang Jun, Wang Lian, Zhu Xuan, Shi Ze, Ding Quan, Zhang Lin and Chun Hu. ; Sixteen members of the right army: Li Zheng, Zhu Zhen, Zhu Xuan, Zhang Ning, Bin Xu, Wang Yong and Jun Chen. This is probably the first football "starting list" in history.

The earliest stars.

In the Song Dynasty, artists who played football organized their own groups, called "Round Club", to promote Cuju activities and competitions. Gao Qiu was born in the Yuan Dynasty in the Northern Song Dynasty. According to Wang Mingqing's The Dust Settles, Gao Qiu's skill is superb. Because he played football with Song Huizong, he was promoted to be the conductor in front of the temple. This is one of the earliest famous stars.

Ding Wei, a scholar in Song Dynasty, was famous for playing football. He knows that the Prime Minister likes playing football. In order to be promoted, he waits outside the wall of the Prime Minister's House every day. One day, he finally waited until the ball flew over the wall. Liu Sanfu picked up the ball and entered Xiangfu in the name of returning it. When he visited the Song Dynasty in Ding Wei, he threw the ball into the air and bowed.

From the Spring and Autumn Period to the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Cuju experienced a process of development to a climax, but in the Qing Dynasty, this activity declined. From 65438 to 0863, modern football was born in Britain, which opened another historical chapter in the development of football.

The birth of modern football

1893 spectators watching the game

From the 8th century to19th century, the predecessor of modern football existed in Europe in various ways. Until 1863, Britain established the first formal football rules, which also marked the birth of modern football.

The era of "thug football"

Similar football activities were recorded in ancient Greece and Rome, and were later introduced to Gaul, France. In A.D. 1066, William the Conqueror invaded Britain, and football was introduced to the British Isles. At that time, the game had no rules and was played between towns. Streets, squares, farmland, etc. Thousands of people often participate in it. As long as the ball hits the center of the opponent's city, it is victory. During the competition, people gather together and are allowed to kick each other, and accidents such as bleeding, broken legs and even death often occur. Wherever the ball went, shops, public facilities and residential buildings were inevitably destroyed, so that football in this period was called "mob football". 13 14, the mayor of London issued a regulation prohibiting residents from playing football. 133 1 year, King Edward III of England issued a national ban on public football activities. Since then, many generations of British kings have banned football matches, and football has existed illegally among the people for more than 500 years.

"Violent Football" in 1878

A boy's impulse

/kloc-in the 0 ~ (th) century, football was resumed and widely developed in some colleges in Britain. At that time, there were no uniform rules for football matches. The competition will be held in a rectangular venue, and the time and number of participants will be temporarily agreed by both parties. When the ball kicked into the opponent's goal, it scored. During this period, Cambridge University, Hatton College and New Clifton University all had their own ways of playing, and no one thought of unifying the rules of football. At that time, the most unlucky people were the "notarized mediators" who were the predecessors of the referee and were responsible for recording the number of goals and mediating disputes and disputes. However, due to the lack of uniform rules, these mediators are always difficult to convince the public and are often chased and intercepted by dozens of people in the audience.

A boy's impulse changed everything. 1823165438+1October 2 1 day, in a game, a boy named William Webb Eszli, aged 15, suddenly picked up the ball with his hand and rushed to the opponent's court to launch an attack. This action later triggered a big debate about football rules, and people realized that it was necessary to formulate unified football rules. In the debate, the party who agreed to use both hands and feet gradually developed the game into today's rugby, while the party who insisted on using only feet began to explore and establish modern football rules.

The first sport in the world was born in a bar.

West Brom 1892

London queen street Club Tavern is the birthplace of modern football, and a landmark meeting in the history of football was held here. Before 1848, Cambridge University tried to create a rule about football matches. Although it has not been recognized by the public, it has become common sense to unify rules. 1863101October 26th, representatives from1kloc-0/London Club and College held a meeting in the pub of * * * Club to formulate rules and establish an authoritative football organization, which is also recognized as the birthday of modern football.

At the meeting, the debate about the rules was fierce. A few people, represented by Gamber, insisted on using both hands and feet, and the final voting result was 13 to 4. The landmark rule that hands are not allowed in modern football has been passed. To this end, Gambo and others left angrily and later established the Rugby Federation 187 1.

* * * Ji Hui wineshop

The English Football Association was also established at the meeting of the club pub, and the world's first unified football rules were recorded in writing. Two months later, on February 26th, 1863 18, the Football Association held another meeting in a small hotel in Misa Street, Crewe, London, and refined the rules of football into 14, which began to be implemented nationwide.

1 1 Clubs and colleges attending the * * * club pub meeting:

Forest Club (later renamed Ranger); Gilborn; Barnes; War office; Crusaders; Pasival; Black Hayes Club; Kensington College; Soapy; Blake Hayes College; Crystal palace.

The earliest rules of football

1. The site area is 150 yards long and 100 yards wide. On each sideline, 25 yards from the finish line, there are two sign posts respectively.

The goal consists of two vertical posts, which are 10 feet apart.

3. Choose the target or tee off with coins.

4. After the first half of the game, change the venue.

5. When a player kicks the ball, when any player on the same team stands in front of the ball and is closer to the opponent's end line than the other team, he shall not take part in the game to touch the ball, nor shall he hinder other players from touching the ball in any way.

6. When the ball kicked out of the sideline, it was a dead ball, and the opponent kicked the ball directly into the court at the out-of-bounds place to resume the game.

7. When a team kicks the ball out of the opponent's end line, any player who gets the ball first can serve a free kick 25 yards from the vertical end line.

8. When kicking off, players should not touch the ball behind the opponent's end line.

9. If the ball falls behind the end line and exceeds the sideline mark, the free kick should be served 25 yards from the end line.

10. When a player kicks a free kick, the player of the same team shall not stand between him and the opposing team, and the opposing team shall not stand within 10 yards from him.

1 1. Players can kick free kicks in any way.

12. If the ball passes between the poles, or passes infinitely high above the poles, you win a goal.

13. In the game, you can touch the ball with any part of your body, but you are not allowed to hold the ball or hit the ball with your hands, arms or shoulders.

14. All impacts are fair and legal, but it is forbidden to hug, push, trip or make noise with your feet.

This set of formal original rules was published by the president of the English Football Association in BELIS LIFE magazine. Three years later, the Football Association increased the goal height by 6 yards and the width by 8 yards, and pulled a rope between the two columns as the goal height. Text FIFA will publicly confirm that football originated in China, and the origin of ancient football in China can be traced back to the Warring States Period 2,500 years ago. "The warring states policy. Qi Ce once recorded that when Su Qin met with him, he mentioned that people lived and worked in peace and contentment and liked to "draw a bow". The so-called "Cuju" or "Bowing" refers to a football match; "Kick" or "kick" means kicking, while "bow" means ball.

Modern football was first produced in Britain in the19th century. As mankind entered the 20th century, so did football. Whether it is the legendary enemy on the battlefield or the fact that ten thousand people play a football together between the two cities, it has become a thing of the past. Modern football is about to begin, and has gradually formed a professional league.

1903, Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Spain and other countries discussed the establishment of an international football organization, but Britain, as the birthplace of football, was not enthusiastic. However, football began to spread in Europe and America. In Italy, British immigrants established the Genoa team as early as 1893, 1899, and the British and Italians jointly established today's Hulk-AC Milan, 1899. Italy also founded the Federal Championship, which won six times in Genoa in the previous seven sessions, and AC Milan/KOOC-0/90/KOOC-0/won the championship.

In South America, football was also brought here by British sailor and immigrant Thomas. Sir Lipton founded the Lipton Cup, which became a competition between Uruguay and Argentina on both sides of the La Plata River.

At present, the most famous football leagues are the five major leagues in Europe (Serie A). Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, Ligue 1)

Football term

Terms of curveball football. Kicking technique of guiding the ball to run in an arc. In the running of football, because of the strong rotation, the air on both sides is different. Because the ball runs in an arc, it is commonly known as "banana ball". When kicking a curveball, the part where the foot touches the ball should deviate from the center of gravity of the ball. Often used to bypass the defender in the middle of the passing route, or confuse the goalkeeper when shooting, making him make a wrong judgment. When a direct free kick is penalized, curveball shooting is an important way to score.

Terms of diving football. It is difficult for the goalkeeper to catch the ball. One foot pushes hard on the same side of the ball, and the other leg bends its knees to make the body jump out to catch the ball. When landing after catching the ball, press the ball with both hands, land on the forearm side first, and protect the ball with one group. Because it jumps from the side, it increases the range of catching the ball, so it can catch the ball that is difficult to catch with other actions.

Another name for a defender who undertakes a specific defensive task in a football match. 1966 The 8th World Football Championship was named after arranging a player to strengthen defense behind the back line under the influence of the tactical idea of "persisting in steady attack". The player's duty is to defend only without attacking, perform a single defensive task to make up the position, and "clear" the ball in front of his own goal.

Another name for the trailing centre-back in the "1333" formation in the free football match. There is no fixed defender in defense, so you can flexibly fill the position to save the danger, so that other players, especially the three guards, have no worries when marking people. It is the development of the scavenger's kicking method, which is not only a defense, but also an opportunity to insert into the offensive front. As a "free man" according to the requirements of duties, the players have comprehensive skills, strong tactical awareness and rich competition experience, which is the core of organization, command and defense.

One of the offensive and defensive tactics of football. A team with 10 players, except the goalkeeper, is called "all football". According to the needs of attack and defense in the game, each player can play the role of a player at any position. This tactic breaks the shackles of formation on players and can fully mobilize and give play to the enthusiasm of players. At the same time, it also puts forward higher requirements for players' physical quality, technology, tactics and will quality, and fighting style. This style of play appeared in the 10 World Football Championship in10, 974, and was hailed as the third revolution in the history of international football.

One of the offensive tactics of football. Refers to the tactical method of pushing the ball near the opponent's end line and then passing it to the opponent's goal through individual dribbling or collective cooperation in sideline attack. In the rapid advance, the attacker often uses the advantage of the other defense line to outflank in order to score goals under the unstable position.

Peripheral passing is also called "45-angle passing". One of the offensive tactics of football. When the attacking player gets the ball near the sideline at an angle of about 45 with the opponent's goal, he passes the ball to his partner near the opponent's restricted area with a long pass, so that the partner can attack continuously with a header, which is called "peripheral pass". Especially when the defender has returned to the defense in time, and the road leading to the opponent's goal has been blocked in the area 30-40 meters in front of the goal, or the attacker has a tall striker with strong ability to fight for the top, this kind of play can achieve good results.

Tactical terms of cross-transposition football. In order to get rid of the opponent's defense, the attacker changed his position left and right during running. The most common ones are: the left player sprints to the right player to catch the ball, and the right player passes the ball to the left position. This tactical cooperation has changed the way players play football only in their own positions, making the tactics more changeable.

Long pass is one of the offensive tactics to break through football. Tactical methods to break through the opponent's defense by using long-distance passing. In contemporary football matches, it is often used for quick counterattack. Defender steals the ball in front of his own goal, taking advantage of the opportunity when the opponent failed to return to the defense, passed it to his partner to break through the opponent's defense before the attack.

Insert one of the offensive tactics of attacking football. Refers to the avant-garde and defender players who are located in the second and third lines and insert the first line to participate in the attack. Because of the deep distance, it is easy to get rid of the opponent's defense, and the insertion of second-and third-line players is hidden and sudden. Therefore, it is more threatening. It is an important symbol of all-attack and all-defense tactics that the defender inserts into the forward line and directly participates in the attack.

One of the defensive tactics of regional defensive football. Each player divides a certain defensive area according to his position, and within a limited range, he mainly adopts the defensive mode of standing position instead of pressing people to stare at people. This makes it easier for the attacking team to pass and catch the ball, and it is more difficult to defend when there are more than two attacking players in the same area. This defensive tactic is passive and can't meet the needs of football development, so it is rarely used now.

Tactical terms of auxiliary football. A cooperative method of collective defense in competition. Refers to a defender. When one player is broken by an opponent, another player blocks. Complementarity between the two is the basis of collective defense cooperation. Keeping a proper distance and angle between defenders is the premise of making up positions in time. In the past, it mainly refers to the cooperation of the defensive side in defense. Contemporary football adopts total football's tactics, and the content of supplementary position has also developed accordingly. In an attack, the exchange of positions between the players who are forwards and defenders has also become one of the important contents of position replacement, which puts forward higher requirements for the technical and tactical awareness of position replacement players.

One of the defensive tactics of intensive defense. The area 30 meters in front of the goal is usually called "danger zone". In the game, in order to stabilize the defense, both sides often organize a considerable number of people to guard this area and form a dense state, so as to strengthen the protection, narrow the gap and block the breakthrough of the other side. This is the so-called dense defense tactics.

Offside is a defensive tactic. According to the rules: when the attacker receives the ball, if there are less than two defenders between the opposing end lines, it is offside. Using this rule, the defender suddenly runs forward when the opponent's player touches the ball, resulting in the situation that there is a defender between the opponent's receiver and his own end line, which makes the opponent offside foul.

Anti-offside tactics This is an offensive tactic aimed at the opponent's "offside" tactics. When the attacker realizes that the defender is sabotaging his attack by creating offside tactics, he should change the passing direction in time, so that the player behind him can insert the ball or directly take the ball to push the shot quickly, thus making the opponent fall behind.

Fence tactics are also called human wall tactics. In the dangerous area in front of your house, when the opponent takes a free kick, several defenders line up side by side as a "human wall" to help the goalkeeper block some angles of the opponent's shot.

A passing tactic in attacking against the wall, that is, two people pass one person, two people pass everything, and the passer who catches the ball passes the ball once, so that the ball passed by the passer seems to hit the wall, thus speeding up the passing speed, hence the name.