What was the struggle over the Roma wine trade during its historical development?

Roma is a strong liqueur. When Governor Philip was in office, he banned the sale of this kind of wine in the convict colony, believing that this was one of the causes of the second crime of the convicts and one of the causes of unrest in the colony. In 1792, Governor Philip resigned due to illness. In the years before the new governor arrived, the power fell into the hands of the security regiment officer Gross and others. They used the power in their hands to engage in commercial activities, engage in Roma wine trade, buy at low prices and sell at high prices.

Roma wine was widely sold in the colonies. Prisoners, free immigrants, farmers, workers, soldiers and even officials all drank large amounts of Roma wine, which formed a social trend. This trend brought great disaster to colonial society. Many people spent most of their labor income on Roma wine, and even used labor tools, clothing, and family property as mortgage to buy wine. Roma wine culture has caused social unrest.

In 1795, Governor John Hunter arrived. When he learned about the dangers of Roma wine, he immediately launched a fight against the Roma wine trade. However, those engaged in the Roma wine trade are officers of the security corps. They have been in Australia for many years and have great influence. It is difficult to win the fight against the Roma wine trade.

The officers reported and wrote informants to London, and tried their best to attack and destroy Governor Hunter. However, London was too far away to know the truth and believed it to be true. Governor Hunter's struggle against the Roma trade failed without the support of the British government. Hunter had to excuse himself from illness and return to London in 1800. The first struggle against Roma was thus lost.

Captain Philip Gidley King succeeded Hunter as Governor of New South Wales. At this time, Roma wine became more prevalent. After he took office, he was determined to oppose the Roma wine trade, so he took a series of severe measures to combat it. First, he established a brewery and encouraged people to drink beer in order to change the social trend of binge drinking of Roma wine; second, he issued an explicit order prohibiting the trade of Roma wine; third, he strictly prohibited military and political officials from engaging in the trade of Roma wine. His measures, although good, did not produce the desired results. Drinking Roma wine has become a social trend and will not be easy to change in a short time. He had no choice but to resign angrily and return to England. This time the fight against Roma still failed.