Brief introduction of anna eleanor roosevelt.

anna eleanor roosevelt, the wife of franklin delano roosevelt, the 32nd president of the United States, is an unusual first lady. She has been recorded in the history books not as the traditional hostess of the White House, but as an outstanding social activist, politician, diplomat and writer. One of the key factors for Eleanor Roosevelt's great achievement is her marriage with franklin delano roosevelt.

She was the first lady for 12 years, which was the highest in American history. Eleanor Roosevelt is an extraordinary first lady, whose political and social activities, independent consciousness, public speech and writer career are unmatched by other first ladies (even among American women in the 2th century). During this period, Eleanor essentially changed the traditional image of the White House hostess and became an active advocate of various social activities, an enthusiastic participant in political activities, a strong supporter of her husband's career and a political partner. This phenomenon was unprecedented and was followed by the later first ladies.

Since she got married to Franklin in 195, Eleanor has had an indissoluble bond with politics. During Franklin's gradual efforts to reach the peak of political power, she also became interested in politics and began to participate in political activities. In this regard, she said: "I always consider everything from the perspective of what I should do, and rarely according to my personal wishes. Therefore, I became interested in politics. A wife's duty is to be consistent with her husband's hobbies, whether he likes politics, books or a certain dish. " Therefore, as a politician's wife, Eleanor fully supports all her husband's activities. In 191, she supported her husband's successful election and was elected as a senator in Dachis County, New York. Her husband's victory promoted Eleanor's deepening relationship with politics. By participating in more political activities, Eleanor gradually learned to correctly evaluate all kinds of people and complex social relations, and gradually understood how politics really works. At the same time, these activities enriched Eleanor's mind, made her feel the value of her existence, and prompted her to participate in political activities more actively. In 1912, Eleanor attended the Democratic National Congress for the first time, which made her have a further understanding of politics. In the same year, Franklin was appointed as assistant secretary of the navy for helping Wilson win the election, and his political future was bright. At this time, Eleanor thought that she should give her husband a helping hand and be his political assistant.

1. 195-1918: When they first entered politics

On the surface, their marriage was perfect. One of them was engaged in politics. A master-assisting her husband, and her husband singing along with her, can be described as a perfect match. In spite of this, their marriage still went wrong. In 1918, Eleanor found that her husband fell in love with a woman named Lucy Peggy Mercer. At that time, she was extremely shocked and disheartened. The crisis in marriage is mainly due to their different personalities. Franklin was confident, charming and sociable. Eleanor, on the other hand, is sincere and upright, stressing principles and ideals. These qualities made them love each other and unite together, but now, these qualities have become the root of their conflict. But neither of them will change themselves for each other, so after more than ten years of living together, their marriage has cracked. Lucy's incident dealt a great blow to Eleanor's self-esteem as a wife. She suddenly felt at a loss about her future. She said, "At this moment, my whole world is turned upside down. For the first time in my life, I really face myself, everything around me and my world." This incident ended the close relationship between the Roosevelt couple and was replaced by political and career cooperation. In this regard, their son Jimmy Roosevelt commented: "For the sake of social status, children and future, they agreed to continue their marriage, but as business partners, not husbands and wives." Their marriage continued, but for Eleanor, it was a brand-new road, which meant that she got some relief and no longer had to cater to Franklin's needs blindly. She could devote her precious energy to the career she was interested in, instead of being confined to her husband's political activities.

this is the period when Eleanor first entered politics. Before the marriage crisis, although she began to participate in politics, she never got satisfaction from it, and at that time she could not break through the traditional role of a young wife and get rid of the customary forces and the constraints of her husband. Since discovering her husband's extramarital affairs, she can establish a new partnership with him that is different from the past and freely pursue a new road to success. This is a gradual process, a process of gradually giving up the past and gaining self-confidence, a process of gradually establishing an equal political partnership with her husband and having her own political career.

second, 1919-1932: the period of courageously climbing

Although Eleanor and Franklin are very different in character, they are a pair of political partners with tacit cooperation. After the marriage crisis, they are still running for political career. In 192, Eleanor took part in Franklin's campaign for vice president. During the election campaign, she showed her unique sensitivity and meticulous analytical ability on many issues. During this period, her political talents made the public opinion and political circles start to look at her with new eyes. Unforeseen things happen. Franklin suffered from myelitis in 1921 and once fell into despair. For Eleanor, this is undoubtedly a severe test. She knows that the only way to cheer her husband up is to keep him in politics, because he will never be willing to live in obscurity in his lifetime. Moreover, she believes that what politics needs is a person's mind, wisdom, eloquence, adaptability and the way of governing the country, and the body is second. Because of her husband's illness, Eleanor's life has changed obviously. To some extent, she has a closer relationship with him, first as his caregiver, and later as his political spokesperson, taking his place in various meetings and activities. As a member of the Democratic Party, Eleanor participated in the work of the Women's Department of the Democratic State Committee and delivered her first political speech in the spring of 1922. In 1924, Eleanor participated in Alfred Smith's campaign for the governor of New York as the head of the Women's Department of the Democratic Party. Her organizational and management skills in the campaign left a deep impression on professional politicians, so that Smith wanted to use her strength to campaign for the 1928 presidential election. As a result of this series of activities, Eleanor was more influential than her husband in the Democratic Party when she accepted the Democratic Party's nomination for governor of New York. Eleanor later recalled this experience: "My husband's illness forced me to be self-reliant, which changed my attitude towards his life, mine and the children." Eleanor described the winter from 1921 to 1922 as the most serious test of her life. She stood the test and gradually became a new star in politics. In 1928, Franklin was elected governor of New York with the help of Eleanor. During the seven years from Franklin's paralysis to her election as governor of New York, Eleanor's political contributions and excellent organizational skills made her one of the most influential politicians in new york, and her pragmatic spirit attracted people's attention in the Democratic Party and women's political organizations. The New York Times trumpeted her influence, calling her "a woman with political mind and appeal".

As the governor's wife, on the one hand, Eleanor has her own career; On the other hand, she supports and helps her husband politically. During Franklin's four years as governor of New York, Eleanor and Franklin learned to help each other politically, which was close to a professional cooperation between two politicians. In 193, Eleanor publicly commented on her marriage in front of reporters. She thought that a wife should play three main roles, namely, partner, mother and housekeeper, of which the first role is the most important. She said: "Today, we know that everything depends on whether the personal partnership between wife and husband is harmonious." She emphasized that mutual respect is the basic element of a happy marriage, and a woman should develop her own hobbies. According to this, since the Lucy incident, the political partnership between Eleanor and Franklin has become one of the most impressive events for Americans. By 1932, Eleanor had experienced several crises in her relationship with her husband, each of which threatened her dignity, but she withstood these tests, became stronger and more confident, and made her more successful in politics. This is the time when Eleanor climbed bravely. Because of Franklin's extramarital affairs, Eleanor's relationship with him was once tense. But Franklin's illness in 1921 brought them closer. In order to keep her husband's political life, Eleanor began to participate in various political activities openly and became his political spokesperson. This series of activities brought Eleanor's political talent into full play and was unanimously recognized and appreciated by politicians. In the struggle for the same career, their relationship between husband and wife has become increasingly harmonious. During her four-year career as the governor's wife, Eleanor became Franklin's "eyes and ears", reporting to him about the local situation and proposing solutions to the problems, which made Eleanor politically mature and fully prepared for her 12-year first lady career.

Third, 1933-1945: The peak of life

In p>1932, franklin roosevelt was elected as the 32nd president of the United States, and Eleanor became the first lady of the United States. The rights of the president's wife show her a new and broader place to use. She will use the special status of the first lady to engage in the cause she believes in and meet the challenges of the times. She said: "people feel that they are moving aimlessly. We are all in a torrent, and no one knows where we will land. In my opinion, what matters is our attitude towards what may happen. We must be willing to share possible accidents with you in an optimistic spirit and bravely meet the future. " 1933-1945 was a crucial period for the survival of the United States. Eleanor complied with the requirements of the times, changed the image of the traditional first lady, actively participated in various political and social activities, performed many important political functions instead of the president, and played an important role in defeating the economic crisis and the German fascist war. We can divide Eleanor's political activities in this period into two stages, namely, the New Deal (1933-1941) and the United States' participation in World War II (1941-1945).

(1) the "new deal" period. The great economic crisis of 1929-1933 caused a serious economic recession in the United States, a sharp increase in the number of unemployed people and social unrest. In order to overcome the crisis, Franklin announced the implementation of the "New Deal" at the beginning of his tenure. Eleanor is also looking for her own working methods and goals, hoping to contribute to the American people in overcoming the crisis as the first lady. Moving from the governor's residence to the White House, Eleanor gradually showed more independence. She said: "At the beginning of my marriage, my life pattern was mostly my mother-in-law's. Later, it was a model made by children and Franklin. When the last child entered boarding school, I began to want to do something I wanted to do and use my own thoughts and abilities to achieve my goals. " What's her goal? The primary goal is, of course, to support her husband as a good president. In addition, she also has personal emphases, that is, women's equal rights, black civil rights and youth issues. In these aspects, she is ahead of her husband and the whole country. Eleanor was a symbol of American women in her time. As the first lady, she has been fighting for equal rights for American women. On the second day of becoming the first lady, she held her own press conference before her husband, and only female journalists were allowed to attend. As a result, she became the first president's wife to use the media. In this way, Eleanor wants to prove to the United States of her time that women not only care about family problems, but also have their own views on all issues. During the "New Deal" period, her opinions and information played an important role in solving many social problems, such as youth unemployment, helping millions of poor families and easing ethnic conflicts.

During this period, the political partnership between Eleanor and Franklin was constantly strengthened. They discussed political issues of common concern, discussed the national situation, exchanged views on legislative and administrative issues, and talked about political and moral values. This is not only their common cause, but also the source of their conjugal love. Because it is more convenient for Eleanor to travel outside than her husband, she often travels instead of him and provides him with private reports on the situation around the world. Eleanor traveled 4, miles in 1933 and 68, kilometers in the following year. People called her "the first lady of flying". Eleanor made great contributions to the New Deal in 193s. If Franklin was the "brain" of the New Deal, then Eleanor was the "heart" of the New Deal. They complemented each other. In this regard, Myra G. Guting wrote: "Eleanor Roosevelt had a greater influence on the president's decision-making than any first lady before her. She belongs to her husband's government and often plays a role as his conscience, especially when it comes to the' New Deal'. " By 194, Eleanor had been the first lady for eight years. During these eight years, she got up at 6 o'clock every morning and worked until late at night, working dutifully for social undertakings and becoming her husband's most important assistant and partner. She knew that her work was respected by thousands of people, and most importantly, by Franklin.

In the presidential election in 194, Eleanor was more deeply involved in politics than ever before. Due to the influence of the international situation, Franklin participated in the third presidential election as never before. Due to the international situation at that time, Franklin was easily nominated, but many delegates opposed his chosen running mate, henry wallace. For various reasons, Franklin failed to personally go to the meeting to persuade the delegates, so Eleanor was invited to speak on his behalf, and it was the first time in history that the wife of the presidential candidate spoke at the national congress. Eleanor urged the delegates to melt all their personal interests into the national interests. She said at the meeting: "You can't regard this nomination as an ordinary nomination in ordinary times. Today, the American people must realize that we are facing an extremely serious situation. " "The next four years will be difficult for the president, so he needs someone he trusts who can help him with his work. This person is Wallace. " Her speech reversed the situation at the conference, and Wallace was nominated at last. Eleanor played a key role in Franklin's third election. Some people even think that it is another matter whether Franklin can break the 175-year historical tradition of the United States without Eleanor's help.

(2) during world war ii. During World War II, as a mother and first lady, Eleanor, on the one hand, sent all her four sons to fight overseas, on the other hand, she helped the president and led people from all walks of life in the anti-fascist war. During the war, Eleanor continued to insist on "new"