Does Chengxian Zhuqian Site still exist?

1On September 24th, 979, Ma Dongchun, a member of Potou Village Production Team of Dongbailong Brigade of Yeshan Commune, and others found 4 1 piece of bronze model of five baht in the Western Han Dynasty when they were taking soil in the northeast of the village. On June 6th, 65438/KLOC-0, the Provincial Cultural Management Committee and the County Cultural Center conducted a survey on the land of Fantong. Excavation and cleaning were carried out from 1980, 10, 14 to13, and it was determined to be the site of casting money in the Western Han Dynasty. The archaeological magazine 1982 published a brief report on the excavation of this site in issue 1. The site is located more than 200 meters northeast of Potou Village. It is 35km away from the county seat in the northwest, 1 km away from Shuangquan Township in Dali County in the southeast, 220m long from north to south and147m wide from east to west. Judging from the sediments exposed from the cliff, the thickness of the cultural layer is 30-80 cm. During the excavation, in addition to collecting a large number of thick and thin rope-patterned bricks, thick rope-patterned bricks, gray pottery pot edges, nail-patterned pottery pieces and Western Han Dynasty thick rope-patterned tiles around the site where the bronze statue was unearthed, four pottery kilns (1234) were also cleaned and excavated. 1234 was seriously damaged, and No.34 was basically intact.

On the soil profile, 1 kiln is located in the south and north directions, with the east wall of the kiln room as the benchmark, and the orientation is zero. About13 of the kiln house was damaged, leaving only the studio, fire door, fire room and kiln bed. The studio is1.72m long from north to south and1.25m wide from east to west. The fire door is 32 cm long from north to south and 60 cm wide from east to west. The tomb is 90cm long from north to south and1.25m wide from east to west. The kiln bed is1.25m wide from east to west, 5.5cm long from north to south and17cm high. 1.40m from the bottom of the cavern to the ground. The inner wall of the kiln is cyan hard burning soil, with a thickness of 5 cm, and the outer wall is braised soil, with a thickness of 10 cm. Copper, pottery and iron were found in the fire room. An iron pot for copper smelting was found in the northeast corner of the studio. There are traces of burning on the two walls of the fire door, and there are a lot of charcoal ash, braised clods and sporadic charcoal blocks at the bottom. Prove that production was carried out in this kiln that year. Because the kiln room is not large and the kiln bed area is limited, it is impossible to burn a large number of pottery molds. It may be used to burn money molds on pottery molds, and it is a kiln intended to burn pottery molds.

No.2 kiln is 55 meters northwest of the baking fan kiln. The upper part of the kiln site was dug by villagers when they borrowed soil, and the lower part was well preserved. The west side of the pottery cellar seat is subject to the west wall, facing 10 degree, and the fire door, studio and kiln room are connected. The front of the kiln room is the fire room, and the back is the kiln bed and chimney. The kiln site is 2.7 meters north and south and 7 meters east and west. The studio is rectangular, 2.8m long from north to south and1.7m long from east to west. The passage into the fire door is 45cm long from north to south and 1.2cm long from east to west. The fire door is 75 cm wide and there are 4 layers of residual firewall bricks. The plane of the fire chamber is trapezoidal, with the front part connected with the fire door and the back part connected with the kiln bed. The upper bottom is a fire door, 75 cm long from north to south, and the lower bottom is the front end of the kiln bed, 2.7 meters long from north to south. The two inclined planes are1.7m long. The distance between the upper and lower bottoms is 54 cm, and the height from the bottom to the kiln bed surface is 55 cm. A large number of plant ash were found in the burning room, which proved that vegetation was used as fuel. The walls around the fire room, kiln bed and chimney in the kiln room are all blue hard-burning surfaces.

No.3 kiln is located 38 meters north of the baking fan kiln and is located in the north and south. It is based on the east wall of the kiln room and faces 9 degrees. Its shape and structure are divided into five parts: kiln room, fire room, chimney, fire escape and fire door. The kiln room is square. The roof is a brick vault with residual height of 1.94m and recovery height of 2.82m The kiln wall is coated with a layer of grass mud, and the residual layer of the roof is 1-7. The kiln bed is 2.85 meters long from north to south and 2.72 meters wide from east to west. The horizontal depth of the furnace is1.88m, and the arc top is 40cm below the kiln bed and1.08m above the kiln bed. It is round near the fire door. There are three chimneys on the north wall of the kiln room. In the middle is the main chimney, which is 1.6m high, 42cm wide and 57cm deep. The chimney at two corners is 4 1 cm high, 28 cm wide and 30 cm deep. The fire path is in the middle of the fire room, and its two ends are connected with the main chimney and the fire room respectively. Fire crossing width 10 cm. The fire door is 67 cm wide, with a brick ring at the bottom and a recycling height of 94 cm.

No.4 kiln is located 2 meters southwest of No.3 kiln, with a direction of 276 degrees. The total length is 6.53 meters. The shape is basically the same as that of No.3 kiln.

A total of 220 pieces of cultural relics were unearthed in this site, including 4 pieces of five-baht bronze mold, 4 pieces of iron pot/kloc-0, 3 pieces of iron calipers, 1 piece of iron neck blast pipe/kloc-0, 1 piece of iron pliers/kloc-0, 1 piece of shovel/kloc-0, 2 pieces of copper five-baht coins and sand grinding. There are two types of five baht coins, large and small, all of which are pure characters, all of which are rectangular shovel-shaped, with the bottom cut, and the word "five" on the coin mold is engraved backwards. There are 39 large copper molds, each weighing 5.5 kg, and the small copper molds weighing 3.25 kg. The handle is 4 1.5cm long, 3.5cm wide and 0.8cm thick. There is a ditch in the middle of the front, which is 38 cm long, 3.5 cm wide and 0.5 cm deep. There are slots between the money molds and exhaust channels on both sides. The money molds are arranged in four rows, symmetrically arranged with the main groove as the central axis, and the two sides of the main groove are 168. 10 pieces per side, 42 pieces per fan; There are 2 small copper molds, each weighing 3.25 kg, and the shape is basically the same as that of the large copper mold (with large and small copper mold rubbings attached). Iron pot is used for copper smelting, with a width of 9 cm and a diameter of 52 cm. There is a trumpet-shaped chute along the mouth. The chute is 9 cm long, 8- 10 cm wide, and the pot is 1 cm thick and 20 cm high. The pot is coated with a layer of 0.5cm thick fine Gaza red clay refractory. Two round symmetrical short feet are cast on the upper part of the back. Short feet are 9 cm long and 4.5 cm in diameter. Parachute.

In addition, a large number of carbon ash and small carbon blocks were found near Fanyao, indicating that charcoal was used as fuel when copper smelting and casting money.

The number of Qian Fan unearthed from Potou Western Han Dynasty coin casting site ranks first in China. Potou Mint in the Western Han Dynasty is not recorded in the history books. This discovery fills the historical gap and adds new information to the study of Chinese monetary history. Several pottery kilns are relatively complete, with complete facilities and tools, which provide us with rare physical materials for studying the technology and specific production process of casting money in the Western Han Dynasty. The bronze model is exquisitely made and generous in shape, which fully embodies the high wisdom and talent of ancient people. It is of great historical value for us to study the casting history of five baht money in Han Dynasty and the development process of the currency history of the motherland.