Understanding of the Origin of Japanese Nation

About the origin of the Japanese, some people say it is a descendant of Xu Fu, while others say it is a descendant of Wu Dalang. I haven't fully understood this question for several days. In fact, everyone labels others first. Return to rationality, put aside these myths and legends, and learn the truth from multiple angles.

The Japanese archipelago is isolated in the Pacific northwest, not far from the Asian continent. Therefore, the origin of the Japanese is basically determined to be from the Asian continent.

According to Japanese academic research, modern Japanese mainly have three ancestors: rope literati, Yayoi people and newly discovered ancient grave people. So the formation of Japanese today is a mixture of these three groups.

So how did these three people come? If you want to know the general history of human development in Japan, please read on.

Dynasties in Japanese history:

I. Ancient ruins

Evidence of "modern man" appeared in Japan as early as 38,000 years ago, and at that time, some relics were left one after another, mostly in the Ryukyu Islands, which was the beginning of the Japanese.

How early humans arrived in Japan and in which direction they moved are still inconclusive. There are about three candidate routes: 1. "Hokkaido Route" from Sakhalin Island to Hokkaido. 2. "Okinawa Route" from Taiwan Province Province to Ryukyu Islands. 3. The "Malaysia Road" from the Korean Peninsula to northern Kyushu and via the Strait to Malaysia.

When early humans arrived 40,000 ~ 30,000 years ago, they were in the ice age, and the sea level was below 80 meters. Sakhalin Island and Hokkaido are connected with the mainland, so the route of Hokkaido will be by land. But the other two routes can only cross the sea and require navigation skills. No matter which route, the evidence is not sufficient at present.

As mentioned earlier, more than 30,000 years ago, many ancient human remains were unearthed in Japan. However, due to the degradation of paleontology in acidic soil environment, most human remains are difficult to preserve. But there are also lucky situations.

A 27,000-year-old "mtDNA:M7a" was unearthed in Okinawa, which is the best preserved early human in Japanese archaeological history, and its height exceeds 1.6 meters. Whether he is the ancestor of the Japanese is still under study.

In addition, human bones about 20,000 years ago were unearthed in Okinawa, including two men and two women. The estimated age of newly unearthed bones is 16000- 14000. Male height1.55m, female height1.45m.. The teeth are badly worn. The DNA extracted from the human bone of 1 (adult male) shows that Okawa 1 has the common ancestor gene among modern Japanese, rope literati and Yayoi. This shows that Okawa people are the distant ancestors of the Japanese. On the other hand, among more than 2,000 modern Japanese, there is no direct descendant who inherited the same gene type of "Okawa 1", which shows that Okawa people have only contributed to modern people.

Second, the rope age.

Refers to the period from the end of Paleolithic to Neolithic, when pottery was characterized by rope patterns. There are different opinions about the starting time of the rope age in academic circles, such as 16000 years ago, 13000 years ago, 10000 years ago and so on.

The rope age lasted for more than 1000 years. People in the age of Shengwen were short, with an average height of 1.5- 1.6 meters, exquisite limbs and flexible movements. Their life is very difficult. By about 3000 years ago, the population of rope writers was estimated to have reached 654380+0000.

Some of the main characteristics of rope literati are thick eyebrows, high eyebrows and deep eyes, thick lips and beards, and developed jawbones. Today, it is the Ainu people (also known as Xia Yi people) who have well preserved these characteristics. As a direct descendant of the rope literati, Ainu people once lived a life of hunting, fishing and gathering. Today, they are mainly in Hokkaido.

1904 Ainu people wear traditional costumes. The woman wore a headscarf, while the two wore necklaces and tattoos on their mouths. Anthropological research shows that Ainu people are closely related to Alaska natives and the Pacific coast of Canada, which also reflects that they may have entered Japan from the north.

According to the research of the University of Tokyo, the bluer the color in the picture, the higher the genetic composition of the rope; The more orange the color, the higher the immigrant composition. Compared with other counties, Okinawa has the highest blue proportion, followed by northeastern Honshu. (Ainu people are not included in the statistics)

The residents of the rope age were mainly inherited by the early residents of the Paleolithic age. From the Paleolithic Age to the Yayoi Age more than 2,000 years ago, different people must have come to Japan one after another, and they all became the ancestors of ancient rope scholars. Therefore, the source of rope literati must be varied.

Later, those who came to Japan were called "retired and tied literati", and they merged with the "original rope literati" before the Yayoi era to become "new rope literati". It is worth noting that no archaeological traces have been found to confirm this statement, but some components have been separated from the DNA of ancient rope-tattooed people, indicating that they came from different sources. Some people think that it is a good explanation that there are genotypes in Japanese that Koreans don't exist.

A comparison of maternal mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) among rope literati, yayoi and modern Japanese. N9b is more common among ancient literati, and it accounts for a lower proportion of the Japanese population today.

As for the patriarchal rope literati, it is inferred that the early rope literati were mainly composed of C and D, and it is still difficult to draw a conclusion which one came to Japan first.

In actual DNA archaeology, three d1a1c1-y12546 and one D 1a2a*-M64. 1 were analyzed from four ancient rope authors. It is said that D 12A-M64. 1 (old M55) is the symbol of Paleolithic people and also the symbol of rope literati. However, D1a1-m116.1was also found in the Korean peninsula, and some people think that it was moved from Japan to the Korean peninsula in modern times.

Third, the yayoi era.

Around 500 BC, the Yayoi people crossed from Korea to Kyushu, bringing a brand-new culture based on rice cultivation and horses.

Where on earth did the Yayoi who came here come from on the mainland? Researchers at Kanazawa University extracted genetic information from the bones of Yayoi people for comparative analysis. The results show that Yayoi people have the genetic characteristics of human beings in Northeast Asia such as Liaohe River Basin. This shows that the Yayoi people may be descendants of immigrants from Northeast China.

The average height of the Yayoi people is several centimeters higher than that of the rope literati. They have single eyelids, narrow eyes, low noses and sparse beards. These migrating Yayoi people first settled near Kitakyushu and Seto Inland Sea, and finally mixed with rope scholars to form the Japanese of that era.

At first, the yayoi population was very small, and later their proportion was significantly higher than that of literati.

Why is the proportion of students in Yosemite getting higher?

A common assumption is that "infectious diseases brought by Babylonians led to a sharp decline in the population of the rope-striped people." This has happened in other parts of the world. There are other sayings that Yayoi people have a rice culture, and adequate nutrition intake ensures low child mortality and high population growth rate. These two points have led to the expansion of the proportion over time.

Fourth, ancient grave robbers.

A research paper published in 20021suggested that 7 1% of the genes in modern Japan came from rice flour people, so rice flour people became the "third ancestor" of the Japanese. Before that, everyone mistakenly thought that the Japanese were just hybrids of two lineages, which was the "dual structure theory". This brand-new theory soon caused an uproar in Japan.

The rice flour people and the former two have different genetic characteristics from some East Asian people. The genetic composition of ancient grave robbers is close to that of today's "middle man" in China, which is similar to that of Han nationality to a great extent. The Japanese nation has been basically stereotyped since the ancient grave era, and there has not been much change.

Ancient grave people came to Japan around the 3rd century AD, belonging to Wei and Jin Dynasties. Scholars combined with Japanese history found that the beginning of using Chinese characters in Japan was the appearance of ancient grave robbers.

V. Japan Today

The paternal (Y-DNA) structure of Japanese today. The first component is D 1a2, which has a remarkable pedigree. The second main component is O 1b2, which is rare in China and common in the Korean Peninsula, and should be multi-yayoi. The third component is haplogroup O2, which is a very mainstream type in China, so it should correspond to the ancient grave people.

In addition, there is another category that should not be forgotten, and that is C haplogroup. There are two branches of C discovered in Japan: C 1a 1 (also known as C-M8, formerly known as C 1) and C2a (also known as C-M93, formerly known as C3). Since the first humans arrived in this area more than 30,000 years ago, the type of C 1a 1 has probably remained in the Japanese archipelago.

45,000 years ago, C 1a split in the middle of Eurasia, with one group heading west to Europe and the other group heading east to Japan. C 1a2 was very common in Paleolithic Europeans, but it is almost extinct in Europe today. C 1a 1 exists in Okinawa (7%), Shikoku (10%) and Tohoku (10%), but it doesn't seem to exist in Hokkaido and Kyushu.

The change of maternal structure in Japan (MTDNA);

It can be determined that the matriarchal types belonging to the rope genealogy are N9b, G 1B, M7a and D4H2 (different from the D4 of Yayoi), but there are also other types. N9b, which was obviously dominant in Morimoto era, now accounts for only about 2% of Yamato Japanese. In addition, some discoveries have been made among Udgai people in Hokkaido and northern Sakhalin Island today.

The pedigree types of Yayoi were tested on 78 ancient Yayoi samples. Half of them belong to haplogroup D4, 15% belongs to haplogroup A, 15% belongs to haplogroup B, and the rest of the samples are composed of haplogroup F, M8, N9a and Z. Even among Japanese today, D4 of yayoi lineage still accounts for 34% (excluding D4h2), which is more than half of the next 7.5%.

In addition, there is a very interesting situation. In Japan, 2% M9 was found, which was not found in Yayoi or Wensheng samples. It is speculated that it may have been brought by ancient grave robbers. The even rarer haplogroup M 12 only accounts for 0. 1% of the population in mainland China, especially in Hainan Island, China, but it is also rare in Japan and South Korea. The same rare M 13 (0.2%) mainly exists in Mongols, Tibetans and some Siberian nationalities, such as Yakutia and Dorgan.

Another interesting discovery is that 0.5% of modern Japanese have HV in haplogroup. HV is a very old pedigree (about 40,000 years), a typical Western Eurasian marker, especially in the Middle East and Europe. The emergence of Japan may be related to the herdsmen in the Bronze Age.