Under the existing technical conditions, how long will it take for humans to go to Mars?

Why did humans land on Mars? Mars and Venus are the two most explored planets. The highest temperature on the surface of Venus can reach more than 450 degrees Celsius. Compared with the environment on earth, the environment on Venus can be described as "hell". Compared with Venus, the environment on Mars is much milder. Man has successfully landed on the moon, and it is obviously unwise to land on Venus, so people turned their eyes to Mars farther away.

Eggs can't be put in the same basket. For the long-term development of mankind, we can't just live on the earth. One day, the resources on the earth can't meet the needs of human development, so we need to implement interstellar migration. Venus is the closest planet to the earth, but the environment is too bad to be suitable for immigrants at all. Obviously, Mars is the best choice. Although Mars is smaller than the Earth, it is very similar to the Earth in many ways. For example, it takes about 24 hours for Mars to rotate once. Mars is an outpost for human beings to explore the universe.

Under the existing technical conditions, how long will it take for humans to reach Mars?

Understand the current development level of human space technology. If you want to enter the boundless space, you need to get rid of the gravity of the earth first. The thrust of the rocket determines what you can achieve.

Tsiolkovsky of the former Soviet Union was the first person to put forward a perfect theory of space navigation in human history, and was known as the father of space navigation. He first demonstrated the feasibility of interplanetary navigation with rockets, launching satellites and space stations, and designed a series of solutions for the structure of liquid rocket engines.

1926 American engineer Goddard invented 1 liquid rocket. The rocket really entered the practical stage at the end of World War II. Germany bombed London with v2 rocket carrying explosives, which was also the earliest missile in the world. A large part of the original rocket propulsion technology of the former Soviet Union and the United States came from Nazi Germany.

In the 1990s, the United States was able to launch landing probes and rovers to Mars, and then successfully launched several probes to Mars, such as Curiosity Rover. At present, a lot of data about Mars comes from NASA.

The maximum carrying capacity of the space launch system currently being developed in the United States will exceed that of Saturn V launch vehicle. It is very likely that Americans will land on Mars first, but I am afraid it will wait until after 2030, because the United States now plans to return to the moon before 2024.

In addition to carrying capacity, speed is also important. To get rid of the bondage of the earth's gravity, we need to reach the second cosmic speed of 1 1.2km per second. If you want to escape from Earth orbit, you need to reach third cosmic velocity.

At present, the fastest speed of the detector launched by human beings has reached third cosmic velocity, that is, 16.7 kilometers per second. In the last century, if we want to reach this speed, we need to rely on the gravity of the planet to accelerate, that is, we need to use the gravitational slingshot effect to accelerate. In order to achieve faster speed, new propulsion technologies are needed, such as the use of nuclear energy.

In 2006, the initial velocity of the New Horizon probe launched by NASA reached 16.26 km per second, making it the fastest spacecraft launched in human history. Parker solar probe is the fastest spacecraft in human history, and the highest speed of perihelion is above 100 km per second, but this is due to the gravity of the sun.

Although many new space propulsion technologies, such as ion thrusters, have entered the practical stage, chemical fuel rockets are still the mainstream. Under the influence of many factors, mankind will still rely on chemical fuel rockets for space exploration for a long time to come.

How far is Mars from the Earth? The distance between Mars and the earth is not fixed, but changes with time, with the nearest distance and the farthest distance. As we all know, both the Earth and Mars orbit the sun in elliptical orbits, with apohelion and perihelion. Take the earth as an example. When the earth is at perihelion, it is 65.438+0.47 billion kilometers away from the sun; When it is at apohelion, it is 65.438+0.52 billion kilometers away from the sun. The average distance between the sun and the earth is 65.438+0.5 billion kilometers.

The average distance between Mars and the sun is 230 million kilometers. Although both Mars and the Earth revolve around the sun, the period of revolution of Mars is about 687 days, while the period of revolution of the Earth is about 365 days. The farthest distance between Mars and the Earth is 400 million kilometers, and the latest is only 5,500 kilometers. When the fire is closest to the earth, the sun, the earth and Mars are almost in a straight line, which is called Mars rushing to the sun, which happens about once every 780 days. When Mars is closest to the Earth, it is called a big impact, which occurs every 15~ 17.

Under the existing technical conditions, how long will it take for humans to reach Mars? The distance to the moon covers an area of 380,000 kilometers. It takes four days for Apollo 1969 spacecraft to send humans to the moon. The nearest distance between Mars and the Earth is 5500 kilometers. How long does it take to land a man on Mars?

At present, we all choose to launch the probe when the distance between the earth and Mars is the closest. Under the existing technical conditions, it saves time and fuel. Let's take the American Insight Mars probe as an example. On May 5, 20 18, the Mars probe Insight was launched. 20 1 181On October 26th, the Mars probe Insight landed on the moon successfully, which took more than six months. In other words, it will take us about half a year to land on Mars, but it will take more than two years to go back and forth.

It won't take long to land on Mars, but living on Mars requires huge materials, and we need to transport these things to Mars in advance. Obviously, technology is not the biggest obstacle at present. The point is that astronauts need to live on Mars for two years before they can return to Earth. In addition, astronauts also need a lot of supplies during their six-month trip to Mars. It is impossible to send so many materials into space at one time under the existing technical conditions, but we can send these materials to Earth orbit in batches first, and then transport them to Mars. The straight line between two points is the shortest, but the power of human spacecraft is not enough to walk in a straight line at present. To save fuel, we all follow the curve.

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