In what year did the population of Japan exceed 1 100 million?

Total population of Japan over the years

65,438+55.96 million in 0920;

800 million yuan in 1948;

1967 breakthrough 1 100 million;

197014.34 million;

19801.167.8 billion;

1985120.84 million;

In 2007, 654.38+0.2777 billion reached its peak;

In 2008, the population of 6.5438+27.7 million began to decline;

2010 65438+27.37 million;

20 15 March, 1.295438+0 billion, ranking tenth in the world.

193 1 After the September 18th Incident broke out, with the Japanese invaders occupying the northeast of China, the Japanese government began to implement the aggressive policy of "Manchu immigrants" in Japan under the banner of "overpopulation" and "land hunger". 1936, Hirota Cabinet of Japan launched the "Twenty-year Plan for One Million Households to Move to Northeast China" as one of the seven national policies of Hirota Cabinet. According to this "plan", the Japanese will immigrate 6,543,800+0,000 households and 5 million people to the northeast of China within 20 years. In fact, during 37 to 45 years, Japanese made five large-scale migrations to the northeast of China. By the end of World War II, there were1700,000 Japanese nationals living in the northeast of China.

With the rapid expansion of militaristic ambitions, especially with the launch of the all-out war of aggression against China and the Pacific War, the demand for troops has greatly increased with the extension of the front; At the same time, war materials also need a lot of labor to engage in production. On June 22nd, the Japanese government promulgated the Policy Outline for Confirming Population Production 194 165438, and put forward the goal of increasing Japan's population to10 million before 1960. For this reason, the Japanese government trumpeted the theory of "early marriage and many children to rejuvenate the country", called on young women to "advance their marriage age by three years", encouraged a couple to have five children, and provided support in terms of loans, employment, taxation, material supply, subsidies and moral encouragement. Encourage early childbearing and multiple children. These measures made Japan's population grow rapidly during World War II, and the population growth rate increased from 0.40% in 194 1 year to 1.40% in 1943, which led to the population growth in Japan from 1873 to1at the end of World War II.

(Note: This stage is similar to China's population policy of "many people make things easy" after 1949, but Japan is for expansion and China is for defense. )

1945 after Japan's defeat, a large number of retired soldiers, immigrants and their families returned to China one after another, with a number of as many as 5 million. Most of them are young people. Japanese society in this period was very chaotic, and people had almost nothing to do except build their own love nests. So in the three years of 1947- 1949, the first baby boom appeared in Japan, with an average of 2.6-2.7 million births. TFR (Total Fertility Rate of Women) also reached the peak of 4.54 in 1947 since 1930s, and the population also increased from 65,438 after the war. Moreover, women born in this period entered the marriageable age at 197 1- 1973, forming the second baby boom.

This rapid population growth is also rare in Japanese history, with the characteristics of high birth rate, low death rate and many returnees. The reasons are not only the improvement of the national economic situation, the establishment and improvement of the medical and health care and social security system, but also the special reasons such as history, national policies and the concept of marriage and childbearing.

(Note: This stage is similar to the birth peak after 1963 "three-year natural disaster" in China. )

Faced with the situation of rapid population growth and tight economy, the Japanese government enacted the Eugenic Law in 1948, which relaxed the restrictions on induced abortion and legalized it. However, in order to respect reproductive human rights, the Japanese government avoids advocating the slogan of controlling population growth. 195 1 year, the Japanese cabinet meeting proposed that "in order to reduce induced abortion and protect women's health, birth control measures should be promoted"; 65438-0952, the Ministry of Health and Welfare published the Essentials of Popularization of Pregnancy Regulations, and officially began to implement family planning. The government has set up a counseling office for the protection of eugenics in health centers to help promote family planning. 1954, the "Population Review Conference" called for birth control as a part of family planning. Since 1950s, Japan's population policy has achieved results, and the natural population growth rate began to decline.

Because Japan hastily introduced the population control policy in the fourth year after the war, there was only a baby boom for about four years, and then the birth rate plummeted. The baby boom in other countries lasted for more than ten years, so the aging of Japanese population appeared the earliest, ten years earlier than the European average and twenty-five years earlier than China.

In the 1970s, when the world exclaimed the population explosion and put forward the growth limit, some people in Japan suggested that the moderate population of Japan should be between 65 million and 70 million. At this time, Japan's population has exceeded 654.38 billion (the first breakthrough in 654.38+0967), and the whole country is anxious. It was once planned to reduce the population to about 80 million. However, shortly after the fertility rate was lower than the replacement level (2. 1), Japan released the white paper "Japan's Population Trends-Resting Population" in April of 1974, which took the change from birth control to stable population size as the strategic goal of population development, and reiterated that efforts should be made to curb fertility, reduce induced abortion, seek universal contraception, and put the improvement of population quality in the first place.

(Note 1: This stage is similar to the family planning period that began in China in the early 1970s. China government began to restrict birth, and the regulations became stricter and stricter. By 1983, birth control was changed to sterilization, and only one child was allowed. The difference is that Japan only advocates it, unlike China, which enforces it. Moreover, by 1974, the Japanese government began to adjust its policies, while China always emphasized the grim situation of population growth after the total fertility rate (TFR) was lower than 1.5.

Note 2: This stage is also a time of rapid economic development in Japan. From the mid-1950s to the mid-1970s, the annual GDP growth rate was 9.2%. )

Although Japan's population reached1.1.600 million in 1.989, and even increased to1.23 billion in 1.989, the universal fertility promotion policy did not prevent the continuous decline of the fertility rate in the 1980s. When the total fertility rate of 1.57 is 1.989, it is still the whole country. Professional organizations predict that in the next 50 years, Japan's population will decrease by 30 million, and the elderly population will account for 40%, which will lead to a decrease in labor force, economic recession and even government bankruptcy. At this time, the government, enterprises, media and mass organizations have mobilized, and the whole country is raising awareness and discussing countermeasures. Since the 1990s, a series of policies have been introduced one after another.

199 1 promulgated the law on parental leave. Female employees can take six weeks' leave before delivery, eight weeks' leave after delivery, and their husbands can also take maternity leave when they return to work. The employer shall not refuse the employee's one-year leave for childcare. 1994' s angel plan has established a child care system and plans to increase 500,000 child care facilities within ten years; 1999 "new angel plan" encourages the balance between work and family, so that young people can have more time to take care of their children at home; 1998 "Family Friendly Award" encourages enterprises to set up in the Ministry of Health and Welfare and creates conditions for employees to have children.

In this century, negative population growth has become more and more urgent, and the government's actions to promote negative population growth have become more and more frequent. In 2003, the Basic Law on Social Countermeasures for Fewer Children was passed, and the Law on Countermeasures for Promoting and Supporting the Next Generation was formulated, and ministers (ministers) were appointed by the Cabinet to co-ordinate the work related to the rising birth rate, such as population, labor, education and social welfare. In 2004, the outline of social countermeasures for declining birthrate was put forward, including maternity leave for one year, from unpaid to half-paid; From pregnancy, prenatal examination, childbirth, child care, child care to school, the government fully intervenes in subsidies, and children under two years old can get a monthly subsidy of 5,000 yen; The third child receives a monthly subsidy of 65,438+0,000 yen until he is 65,438+02 years old; Merchants provide shopping discounts for parents, and more than 1 10,000 merchants have responded. In August 2008, in order to reduce the extra burden of pregnant women, the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare announced a "big discount" plan for pregnant women, and decided to allocate at least 84 billion yen each year to subsidize the free medical examination for pregnant women, and give 340,000 yen (about 3,400 US dollars) as a one-time delivery fee before the birth of each new life, greatly increasing the number of free medical examinations for pregnant women from the original five to 14. "Let women easily enter the delivery room and give birth to healthy babies" is the resounding slogan of the Japanese government's "free birth plan".

However, once the fertility rate drops, it is really difficult to change the trend and improve it. Many young couples turn a blind eye to government incentives and are determined not to have children. Because of this, in the first decade, Japan's birth rate showed no signs of recovery. After the population reached a peak of 65.438+0.2773 billion in 2004, Japan experienced negative population growth for the first time in 2005, and the total fertility rate dropped to the historical lowest value of 654.38+0.26 in 2005. Fortunately, the total fertility rate rose to 1.30 in 2007, remained at 1.37 in 2008 and 2009, and rose again by 0.02 in 20 10, reaching 1.39. According to analysis, the increase in data is mainly due to the increase in the number of people in their thirties who want to have a second child.

(Note 1: This stage is similar to that in 2004 when China began to reflect and criticize the policy of "family planning" or "compulsory one-child". At this time, the total fertility rate in China is about 1.4. First of all, it was initiated by the people. Later, some economic and demographic experts also made similar remarks. NPC deputies also submitted the proposal of "adjusting the one-child policy of family planning" at the "two sessions" many times. Today, "it is not good to have only one child" has become the understanding of most people. However, at present, China government officials have never made any definite adjustment remarks or measures.

Note 2: This stage is also the time of Japan's economic stagflation. In the 1980s, GDP growth dropped to 4%. The 1990s was a "lost decade", which dropped to 1.4%. From 2000 to 20 10, it basically hovered between negative growth and 2%; Japan may fall into the third "lost decade" and its economic growth may be slow. )