What countries are there in Europe and America?

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Netherlands Finland Poland Ukraine Ireland England Scotland Northern Ireland

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Holland ... Holland, officially called Holland, is located in the northwest of Europe, bordering on the North Sea and bordering Germany and Belgium. The land in the Netherlands is very low above sea level, and many places are close to or even lower than sea level. It is famous for its seawalls, windmills and tolerant social atmosphere. Dutch capital: Amsterdam. From 158 1 to 1806, the Netherlands is a republic. From 1806 to 18 15, the Netherlands was briefly ruled by France. The Netherlands has been a constitutional monarchy since 18 15. Holland is one of the countries with the highest population density in the world. Its population density exceeds 400 people per square kilometer. There are many nationalities living in Holland. Despite this, residents of pure Dutch descent still account for the majority of the total population.

Finland ... Finland is a Nordic country, bordering Sweden, Norway and Russia on land, the Baltic Sea in the southwest, the Gulf of Finland in the southeast and the Gulf of Botnia in the west. Finland's political system is dominated by parliament, although the president also has more power. Most executive powers are controlled by the Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister elected by Parliament. The Cabinet consists of ministers from various departments of the central government, the Prime Minister himself and a Chief Justice. Most Finns believe in Christian Lutheranism, and about 1% of the population believes in Orthodox Church. Lutheranism and Orthodox Christianity are officially recognized beliefs and have the same status. The rest include a few Christians, Protestants, other sects, Roman Catholics, Muslims and Jews. Finland's harsh climatic conditions, special geographical location and history make Finns form a national character and culture with Nordic characteristics. Finns are introverted and low-key, but they are full of national pride. In today's globalization, they do not go with the flow, but firmly safeguard their traditional culture.

Poland ... Poland is a country in central Europe, bordering Germany in the west, Czechoslovakia in the south, Ukraine and Belarus in the east, Lithuania and Russia in the northeast and the Baltic Sea in the north. The country's important geographical location and topography have led to years of wars and disputes, and the territory of Poland has changed repeatedly for centuries. Poland has a population of 38.64 million, ranking eighth in Europe and 29th in the world. Before World War II, Poland was a multi-ethnic country and one of the largest Jewish settlements in the world, with a population of 3 million. However, during the Second World War, and the migration around it, Poland gradually became a country with a single race. Poland is one of the few countries in Europe that still believe in religion. There are many churches in Poland, large and small, with a strong religious atmosphere. Going to church to watch mass every week is still an important part of most residents' lives.

Ukraine ... Ukraine, a country in eastern Europe. The former Soviet Union joined the Republic of China, 199 1 independence, and was one of the founding members of the Commonwealth of Independent States. It borders the Black Sea in the south, Russia in the east, Belarus in the north and Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova in the west. Ukraine is the second largest country in Europe, second only to Russia, with a population of about 46.8864 million. Ukraine has an important geographical position, which is the meeting point between the European Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States, especially with Russia. Ukraine is a democratic country and implements the political principle of separation of powers, that is, the legislative, judicial and administrative powers of the state exercise licensing rights in accordance with the boundaries stipulated by the Constitution. The Constitution defines Ukraine as a sovereign, independent and democratic country ruled by law with a harmonious system.

Ireland ... Ireland is a European country and a member of the European Union. It is located on the Irish island on the northwest coast of Europe, accounting for about 5/6 of the southern part of the island. The remaining 1/6 area in the northeast belongs to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and is called Northern Ireland. 98.7% of Ireland's population is Irish (belonging to Celtic), with only a few English (30,000), Scots (5,000), Jews (4,000) and other foreign ancestry. The official language is Irish (that is, native Celtic) and English is the second official language. English is the mother tongue of most people, while Irish is limited to parts of the west coast with a population of only tens of thousands. Irish is a compulsory course in school. Most public signs are written in two languages, and national broadcasting is also conducted in two languages. Catholicism is the main religion in Ireland, accounting for about 92% of the population. Ireland is one of the few religious countries in Europe. 1973 attendance at regular mass is over 90%.

England ... England is a constituent country of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK), which is located in the southeast of the island of Great Britain, south of Scotland and east of Wales. It is the largest, most populous and most developed area in Britain. Historically, Hadrian's Great Wall was the dividing line between England and Scotland. The name engla-London comes from the "Angles", formerly known as "engla-London", which means "the land of the Angles". They followed the Celts to this place and belonged to the Germanic nation. England is the largest and most populous of the four major regions in Britain. This regional division can be traced back to the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century. The political unification of England began in 10 century. This article is mainly about the history of this area. It should be noted that from 1603, King James VI of Scotland ascended the throne as the king of England, until the 10 century, the history of England was actually difficult to be separated from the history of Britain as a whole.

Scotland ... Scotland is a kingdom of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It is located in the north of Great Britain and in the north of England. It is famous for its plaid pattern, bagpipe music, animal husbandry and whisky industry. Although Scotland is under the jurisdiction of the British Parliament in Westminster, London on foreign affairs, military affairs, finance and macroeconomic policies, it has a certain degree of autonomy in internal legislation and administration, and is the second largest region in Britain after England. The head of state of Scotland is the current Queen Elizabeth II. She is a direct descendant of King James VI of Scotland, and the legitimacy of Scottish kingship is beyond doubt. However, some Scots have different interpretations of the title of Queen Elizabeth from the English. The reason is that when the so-called Queen Elizabeth I was in power, England and Scotland had not yet been unified into one country. So for Scots, the current Queen is their first Queen Elizabeth, so you should call me not II. The Scottish court has made a formal ruling on the dispute over this title, and Elizabeth II should be used uniformly.

Northern Ireland ... Northern Ireland is a region of Britain, located in the northeast of Ireland Island, with an area of 14, 139 square kilometers and a population of 1 685,000, with Belfast as its capital. So far, the contradiction between different ethnic groups here is still very big, and some settlements are inhabited by only one ethnic group. Most northern Irish belong to two different factions: the unification faction or the national faction. External media often distinguish these two factions by their main religious beliefs. Most trade union members are Protestants and most ethnic groups are Catholics. But not all Catholics support nationalism, and not all Protestants support unification. Similar to other parts of Europe, the number of Christians in Northern Ireland has plummeted in recent decades, but this has not reduced the differences between the two factions. English is the most commonly used language in Northern Ireland. Influenced by many Scottish languages, English dialects in Northern Ireland differ from standard English in pronunciation and vocabulary.