The Hometown of Sanqi —— Historical Origin

According to the memories of the old people, it used to be a huge commercial market. The question is, what are they trading here when they build such a big market in this remote town? It turns out that there is a unique business in the town, which lasted for hundreds of years and is still very prosperous today.

The key to creating a big market is habit. Notoginseng, also known as Tianqi and Nanguo Shencao, is a precious medicinal material and belongs to the same family as ginseng. Regarding its medicinal properties, the Qing Dynasty pharmaceutical work Compendium of Materia Medica describes it as follows: "Ginseng is the first to tonify qi, and Sanqi is the first to tonify blood, which are the most precious among Chinese medicines."

As for why Sanqi is called "Sanqi", there are different opinions. Some people say that the seedlings of panax notoginseng are three branches, each with seven leaves; Some people say that three points are like light and seven points are like yin. The ancients said that its performance is very similar to that of lacquer trees in the mountains, just taking its homonym.

Such a special medicine, why did you just marry Heping Dam? Lei Shaowu, born in Pingba, has been investigating the same problem for many years. He is now the director of the National Sanqi Bureau.

In fact, all the houses in Pingba Town are at an altitude of 1800 meters, so what is the number of 1800 meters? Does it have anything to do with Sanqi? Except the elevation 1800 meters, the Tropic of Cancer runs right through the town center. 1800 meters plus 23.5 degrees north latitude is not a coincidence, just in line with the harsh requirements of Panax notoginseng growth on the environment, that is, low latitude and high altitude.

Most of Wenshan Prefecture, including Pingba, is located in the southeast of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Because it meets a series of harsh conditions such as low latitude, high altitude, light, humidity, temperature, soil pH and so on, it has become the most suitable place to plant Panax notoginseng in the world. 90% of Panax notoginseng in the world is produced in Wenshan, which is recognized by the state as "the hometown of Panax notoginseng in China" and known as "the place where Panax notoginseng blooms". There are only two specialty bureaus in China, one is the ginseng specialty bureau in Jilin and the other is the Sanqi specialty bureau in Wenshan.

The mystery that Pingba Town has been the base camp of Wenshan Sanqi for hundreds of years may be solved! But from an economic point of view, the formation of a commercial center must be stimulated by enough surrounding markets. So where are the earliest buyers of Wenshan Sanqi? How did it give birth to a new industry?

What secrets were buried in the ancient mine 300 years ago? But the real solution to ventilation, now we feel that there is no way to explain. There is a big business in the town, and the rich have troubles. "People are there with real guns, and it's like this.

This is Xiachang Silver Mine in Xiaojie, about 10 km away from Pingba. The workers of Sanshui Mining Group who came here to mine suddenly reported last night that they had docked with a mine mined by the ancients during the excavation and exploration.

We consulted Wenshan County Records and found a huge silver mine near Pingba. Because of the huge profits of silver mines, most of the people who come here to mine are criminals and thieves from all over the country. At the peak, more than 20 thousand people were mining here at the same time. Judging from the mine site, the ancients dug deep, more than 300 meters below the ground. Considering the technical level of the ancients, this is an incredible depth, because the problem of ventilation cannot be solved.

They solved the ventilation problem. Now I think that on the one hand, it has two holes coming down at the same time, and one hole can produce a little circulating wind, but to really solve the ventilation, now we feel that there is no way to explain why it can solve this ventilation condition well.

After long-term research, Dr. Cui found that taking Panax notoginseng, a local product, could help the ancients solve the problem of hypoxia. When you eat Panax notoginseng, on the one hand, it can reduce the oxygen consumption of your myocardium, on the other hand, it can expand and increase your coronary artery flow, that is, increase your output and blood output. It mainly produces its anti-hypoxia effect from these two aspects.

What should I do when I feel chest tightness? If we feel chest tightness, this local product, Sanqi, can solve the problem of dizziness or chest tightness by eating Sanqi or Sanqi. Do you think the ancients used this method? Ah, this place is the hometown of Sanqi. It should be said that the ancient people also used Sanqi to solve the symptoms of dizziness.

It turns out that the ancients actually thought of everything that people can think of today! The location of these ancient mine caves is Laojun Mountain, which straddles the Sino-Vietnamese border and is the birthplace of wild Panax notoginseng in the world. At that time, tens of thousands of people were distributed on the top of Laojun Mountain, struggling to mine. Chew a few pieces of Notoginseng when you feel chest tightness and asthma. According to the local old people, it takes at least tens of thousands of pounds of notoginseng a year to meet the huge demand! Wild panax notoginseng is not enough at all, just like this. Because of mining, there has actually been a huge buyer's market in this big ravine.

Such a perfect business opportunity, the shrewd Nanjing Han people will certainly not miss it. Through careful investigation, they finally selected the best hillside flat dam, began to artificially plant Panax notoginseng, and then sold it to the workers who opened the silver mine at a high price. According to Wenshan County Records, the average price of Sanqi sold to the miners in Pingba Town at that time was 1 kg Sanqi equals 1 10,000 kg of rice, which was really a veritable gold exchange, but it was in exchange for snowflake silver just produced in the mining area.

But this is just the beginning! Sanqi business has only been done for more than ten years, and a huge mine seepage buried tens of thousands of miners underground several hundred meters deep. The silver mine almost recovered from this setback. Later, despite repeated efforts, it did not return to the scale of the year. The newly established Sanqi base is in danger of disintegration. Tens of thousands of pounds of Sanqi in Pingba Town must quickly find a new market.

1587, two officers from Guangnan Prefecture came to Beijing with several trees, and asked Li Shizhen, a great pharmacologist at that time, for identification. Because this medicine has been secretly circulated among soldiers recently, as a medicine for treating golden sores, it is said that its curative effect is miraculous, but its pharmacology is unclear. "This medicine was recently sent by the Southern People's Army, and it is used to treat gold sores. The cloud has extraordinary achievements. "

"notoginseng after modern research? If it is used to stop bleeding, there is a substance called notoginseng in it. This substance usually shows that if you have trauma, it shows a hemostatic activity and is very sensitive. A little bit can stop your blood and promote platelet coagulation. "

Li Shizhen made a careful study of this long-heard miraculous medicine. He deliberately cut his arm, then applied notoginseng, and the result soon healed. He put it on the prisoner who had just been punished by the government, and the effect was surprisingly good. Li Shizhen was very excited. He carefully recorded his findings: "If you are beaten with blood when you are tortured, just chew up Sanqi and apply it, and the bleeding will stop soon;" If you take one or two dollars in advance before being punished, you can ensure that blood will not impact your heart. Probably this medicine can promote the blood flow of Yin, so it can treat all blood diseases. "

Li Shizhen's greatest contribution to Notoginseng is that he officially recognized Notoginseng as a medicine for treating golden sores, and thus introduced Notoginseng widely to the army that deals with injuries day and night. In addition, its hemostatic effect is really amazing. First of all, it became popular in the army of Yunnan nationalities.

Relying on such a huge market as the army, the planting of Panax notoginseng in Pingba town swelled like a balloon, and the price of Panax notoginseng rose again and again, so that the ancestors of He family in Pingba had to take measures to protect it layer by layer.

1908, there was a young man named Qu who sold semi-finished panax pseudo-ginseng to the army, and it was even more popular. At that time, the military doctor filled the wound with gauze and pulled it out when changing the medicine. The wounded were in great pain, screaming. Qu's treatment is not painful at all. Just clean the wound and sprinkle it with white powder for a month. These gray powders, named "Yunnan Baiyao" by Qu, soon became famous, and the main component of Yunnan Baiyao is Sanqi.

1March, 938, Qu donated 500 boxes of Yunnan Baiyao to the 60th Army of Yunnan nationality at the front line of Taierzhuang near Xuzhou. In the battle, the 60 th Army bravely charged and fought to the death. Japanese newspapers exclaimed: "Yunnan army can't die! Since the September 18th War with the China Army, we have rarely encountered a fierce charge from the Yunnan Army. " Japanese soldiers wrote in their diaries that the Yunnan army smeared and orally took a white powder, and even a ruptured artery could be quickly repaired. In order to return to the battlefield. 1950, Qu's widow presented the formula of Baiyao to * * * and China. Since then, Yunnan Baiyao has become the wealth of the Chinese nation.

The success of Yunnan Baiyao has caused great repercussions in Pingba Town and touched the nerves of many people in Pingba Town. In the past, I only knew how to grow and sell Sanqi, but I never thought about processing Sanqi. Looks like it's time for a change. At that time, there was an important person named Xiao Guanghan in Pingba. He was the first person to drive Sanqi Store from Pingba to Kunming. The Sanqi he sold was named "Mother of Baiyao".

Since Sanqi was sold to the Central Plains, the trade of Sanqi has been out of reach. This is a rough road map of three ancient Sanqi trade routes recovered from ancient books.

-Every year, hundreds of thousands of catties of Sanqi start from Pingba, pass through Mengzi and Kunming, and are sold to the Central Plains; Or enter Guangdong and Guangxi from Pingba via Xichou and Baise, and finally sell to the Central Plains; Or enter Southeast Asian countries through Maguan and Hanoi, Vietnam, and even sell to Europe and America. These three ancient roads have a common axis, which is Pingba Town. Wenshan's earliest foreign trade turned out to be Sanqi.

-For hundreds of years, caravans loaded with Sanqi have crossed the mountains of the Sino-Vietnamese border day and night. Because the army does its job and is fully armed, the road is always unimpeded.

This is Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam. There are 36 streets in the center of ha noi, including a special Sanqi Street, which has lasted for more than 200 years. Walking in the street, you are greeted by Sanqi.

Domestic and foreign trade has lasted for hundreds of years, and Pingba people have accumulated a lot of wealth. Today, when we walk through the ancient streets of Pingba Town, it may be hard to imagine that behind these brick walls and wooden doors, there have been some little-known wealth stories, and some once-rich Sanqi businessmen have set their headquarters in these houses. The money came too fast! They often count glistening silver dollars in the middle of the night, scaring the whole town to go together and build a secret passage. In case the enemy comes to rob the town, the whole town can retreat from the secret passage calmly. Therefore, a sewer with a height of more than one person is not only a sewer, but also a military tunnel.

Until today, Sanqi is still the first pillar industry in Wenshan, and Pingba people are still supporting the Sanqi industry in Wenshan. Today, 70% of the seven farmers who are scattered to various counties in Wenshan Prefecture to plant Panax notoginseng are Pingba people. It is said that almost every department of Wenshan Prefecture government has Pingba people as cadres.

Although the history of Panax Notoginseng as a medicine for treating golden sores has become a thing of the past, its unique functions of dredging blood vessels and dilating coronary arteries make it stand out in the treatment of modern diseases such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension and migraine, and become a super health care product. Some famous domestic manufacturers, such as Yunnan Baiyao, Pien Tze Huang and Julie Pharmaceutical, are quietly using Sanqi as raw material.

Shaba South Road, located in the central area of wenshan city, is known as Pingba People's Street. The owners of these houses are more than 65,438+000 large Sanqi planters from Pingba. They spent a lot of money to build contiguous houses, and large families sat in these halls, easily scheduling the turnover of several million kilograms. Someone once joked that their every move is likely to cause stock price fluctuations of some well-known enterprises thousands of miles away.

Once cooked in 373! From August to September every year, a magnificent landscape will appear on the hillside of Wenshan Prefecture-"three years full of red"! After three years of careful cultivation, care and cultivation, the flowering of Panax notoginseng shows that the fruit of Panax notoginseng is mature and can be picked and sold for money.

This is an exciting red, symbolizing happiness and harvest, and it is the most festive festival in Wenshan Prefecture.

1946, Mr. Duan Peng, the district head of Pingba, decided to go to Nanjing to seek roots. He wants to know where the "Gaoshikan Willow Bay" is. Where did your ancestors come from?

It turns out that the residents of Pingba are probably descendants of the Ming Expeditionary Force more than 600 years ago. According to historical records, in 138 1 year, General Zhu Yuanzhang Mu Ying led 330,000 troops to Yunnan, and Liu Shu Bay in Gaoshikan was the parade platform in that year. Many years later, a small group of them came to Wenshan Pingba and started their own business.

Since then, generations of Nanjing people have lived in seclusion in this mountain and made a fortune in secret. They constantly attract fellow villagers to live and then spread to Wenshan. They cultivated land, built water conservancy projects and thrived. On the basis of the original houses in Hua Kai and Guangnan, they gradually developed into a large immigrant county with 90% of Nanjing citizens. Later, the small town of Pingba could no longer meet the needs of economic development, so the population of Pingba moved into 20 households in batches in a planned way.

This is the pen tower, which stands high on the hill on the east side of the county seat. It was built by Pingba merchants in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty. This tower is 20 meters high and has seven floors. Topographically, the three peaks cross and arch Wenshan County, forming a word "Wen", and the pagoda is just like the point on the head of the essay.

Afterwards, people realized that Pingba people's decision to build Wenbi Pagoda was not impulsive. They seriously reflected on themselves. Pingba people are all soldiers, and there is a regret in their bones that they have no culture! We can't let future generations suffer this kind of loss again. As a result, Sanqi merchants successively donated money to establish Hua Kai Academy, Puyang Academy and the huge Confucius Temple in Wenshan, introducing the Central Plains culture to Wenshan with great fanfare and letting the light of civilization shine on this red plateau! This is the origin and profound meaning of the name Wenshan.

Nowadays, those ancient Sanqi lines in Pingba Town, like actors who have already made a curtain call on the stage, are quietly leaning behind the curtain of history. Only the pen tower stands quietly at the highest peak of Wenshan, overlooking this place where Sanqi flowers bloom. This is 600 years.

The growth of panax notoginseng is very regional. Wenshan is the origin and main producing area of Panax notoginseng. Panax notoginseng has a history of high-yield cultivation for nearly 500 years, and its planting area and yield account for more than 90% of the whole country, and its quality ranks first in the country. Wenshan ranks first in the world. In Wenshan Prefecture, Notoginseng can not be planted everywhere, and the most suitable areas and suitable areas are mainly distributed in some townships (towns) in Wenshan, Yanshan and Maguan counties. As recognized by the Specialty Economic Committee of China Agricultural Society, Wenshan County and Yanshan County are respectively the "Hometown of Sanqi in China".