The birthplace of the Manchu Guan clan

The clan surnamed Guan. The Manchu Guan surname is a surname that evolved from the Jurchen surname Guarjia before the Qing Dynasty and changed to a Chinese surname. The Manchu word kor is translated into Chinese as "guan", which means "ge", and can also be translated as: "residence". The Guarjia clan was a clan with a large population and a very prominent historical status in the Liaodong region in the early Qing Dynasty. The clan changed its surname to Guan in Chinese characters after the mid-Qing Dynasty and has continued to use it to this day.

As early as before the Qing Dynasty, when Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing Dynasty, started his business, the ancestral members of the Guarjia family with the surname Guan of the Manchu nationality devoted themselves to the unification of the Later Jin Dynasty. During the Later Jin Dynasty, many members of the clan were founding fathers of the Qing Dynasty. Fei Yingdong, who was once named one of the five auxiliary ministers by Nurhaci, the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, personally led the 500 households of his Suwanguarjia tribe to surrender together with his father Sorguo in 1588. During the early days of the Hou Jin regime, Fei Yingdong was brave and good at fighting, and made many military exploits, and was awarded the title of first-class minister. In addition, many members of the Gualjia clan, such as Tu Lai and Gang Lin, became important ministers of the Qing Dynasty and were famous in history for their outstanding achievements.

Guarjia is a surname named after the region. This surname was used from the beginning of Ming Dynasty to the beginning of Qing Dynasty. Some historical materials of Guarjia are also called Harjia, but the difference between the two is just a homophonic change. Long before the Ming Dynasty, the ancestors of today's Manchus in Liaodong with the surname Guan evolved from the Jurchen surname Gulijia in the Jin and Yuan dynasties into the surname Guarjia. The evolution of his surname has been confirmed in the "Research on the Origin of Manchuria" compiled by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The surname Gulijia has been repeatedly recorded in the historical materials of the Jin Dynasty. The 49th chapter of "History of the Jin Dynasty·Biography" contains: "Gulijia Shilun, a native of Long'an, ascended the throne by martial arts." From the surname Gulijia in the Jin and Yuan dynasties, The surname Guarjia in the Ming and Qing Dynasties can obviously be found from the pronunciation, and it was formed by the change of sound. But in the Jin Dynasty, Gulijia was the clan surname of the Jurchens. "History of the Jin Dynasty·Guoyu" annotated: "Gulijia said Wang", which means the surname in Chinese characters was translated as Wang. Tracing back to the ancestors of the Manchu people with the Guan surname in Liaodong today, they first lived in the vast areas of Heilongjiang and the middle and lower reaches of the Songhua River. After that, in the long historical years, the tribes migrated several times and lived in various parts of the Northeast. However, as the original residence of the Guarjia tribe, according to research by Mr. Li Lin, a Qing history scholar, "it was originally under the jurisdiction of the Five Kingdoms Department in the Liao Dynasty, and was renamed the Huli Gai Department in the Jin Dynasty, which is today in Yilan County, Heilongjiang Province." The descendants of the Guarjia clan in Liaodong today moved to Liaodong during the southern migration. The Guarjia surname used by the descendants of the clan was a surname formed by taking the place as the surname during the migration and residence. The change from Gulijia to Guar Jiayin is a historical coincidence. Historically, the evolution of the surname of the Guan clan in Liaodong should be: Gulijia (Chinese translation of Wang surname) during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties; Guarjia in the Ming and early Qing Dynasties; Guan from the middle and late Qing Dynasty to the present. The Guan surname is a surname that was changed to a Chinese character surname.

Among the Eight Banners of Manchuria, the most famous and most numerous of the old surnames changed to Guan is Guarjia. But not only the Guarjia family, but also the Guanjia family, Guarcha family, etc.

The old surnames of the Guan Manchu people include: Guarjia, Guanjia, Guarcha, Shumulu, Wusu, Hongjia, Hong'e, Hong'echun, and Solji. As well as the Huxi Hari clan (Hezhe clan) and Gulayir clan (Oroqen clan) who joined the Manchu people.

[Gualejia] Gualejia is one of the largest surnames in Manchuria and can be found in every banner. Quite a few people changed their surname to Guan. Moreover, there are many people who belong to Zhenghuang Banner. The Guarjia clan who has lived in Suwan for a long time have joined Zhenghuang Banner: Fei Yingdong’s second son Nahai Yiyi, seventh son first-class Gongtulai Yiyi, and sixth brother Ba Ben branch, as well as Nikan branch, Sanzizi Wu Bahai branch, Haiyinbubatulu branch, Babuka branch, Heshuotui branch, Dalami branch, and Surdu branch. branch, Dalan branch, Musu branch, Deleng'e branch, Samuha branch, Tohorun branch, Kosikku branch, Sakhalian branch, Guduli branch, Gul branch The Mahun branch, the Kaka branch, the Garchon branch, the Kharda branch, the Chemuse branch, the Warkha branch, the Niyahari branch, the Gebu branch, and the Selte branch, There are quite a few such as the Qiqi branch, the Wulu branch, the Chahatai branch, the Yukabu branch, the Fulu branch, etc. In addition, there are quite a lot of Guarjia clan who have lived in Nyimacha, Warka, Changbai Mountain, Huifa, Hada, Yehe, Wula, Nayin and other places under the Zhenghuang Banner.

[Gula'il's] is the surname of Oroqen.

[Gualcha family] are distributed in the four flags of blue, yellow, white and red.

[Guan Jia's family] is affiliated with Zhenglan Banner.

[Hong Echun clan] belongs to Zhenglan Banner, Xianglan Banner, Zhengbai Banner and Zhenglan Banner Coating.

[Hong'e clan] The Hong'e clan living in Yehe was incorporated into Zhenghuang Banner.

[Hong Jia clan] Most of them were affiliated with Zhengbai Banner, and a few were affiliated with Xianglan Banner.

[Huxi Harris] There are more pure white flags, followed by bordered yellow flags, bordered white flags, and pure yellow flags. The one under the Zhenghuang Banner is the Burtali branch of the local Guaercha area.

[Shu Mulu clan] The Shumulu clan is also one of the common surnames in Manchuria, and most of them are affiliated with Zhenghuang Banner, such as the largest family of Yanggu Li's son-in-law.

[Solji Clan]

[Wusu Clan] is most widely distributed in Xiangbai Banner, followed by Zhenghong Banner, Zhenglan Banner, and then Xianghong Banner, Zhenghuang Banner, and Xianglan Banner. , Zhengbai flag. Under the Zhenghuang Banner are the Saksaha branch, which has lived in Wujia Village, the Gasu branch, the Sapusi branch, which has lived in Sumu, and the Kantai branch, which has lived in Yehe.

[Gulayir Hala] Gulayir Hala's original Oroqen surname was later changed to the Chinese character Guan.

[Guuwalca Hala] Guuwalca Hala Guuwalca Jurchen, found in "Qing Dynasty Tongdian? Clan Brief? Manchuria Eight Banner Surnames", also known as Guuwalca, lived in Wula and Zhamuku, Jilin (Liaoning) In places such as southeast of Fushun City (Fushun Province), Guaercha, Changbai Mountain and other places, people took the place as their surname, and later changed their surnames to Guan and Zhao in Chinese characters. Famous figures include: Buyari Mergen, the founding hero of the People's Republic of China, Deming, the Minister of Household Affairs, Borsun, the first-class light chariot captain, Sui Sun, the cavalry captain, and Buyari Mergen, the cavalry captain.

[Guanjia surname] Guangiya Hala is found in "General Chronicles of the Dynasty? Clan Briefs? Surnames of the Eight Banners of Manchuria", and is also called Guanjia. Famous figures include: Guan Jia, a concubine of Jiaqing.

[Hong Echun clan] Hongecun Hala is found in "Tongdian of the Qing Dynasty? Clan Profile? Surnames of the Eight Banners of Manchuria". He lived in Alintun (northeast of Jilin City, Jilin Province, Jilin Province) and Yalan (Yalan, Russia's coastal area). He), Suifen (in Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province), Huifa and other places, later changed the Chinese surnames of Hong and Guan.

[Hong'e clan] Hongo Hala is found in "Qing Dynasty Tongdian? Clan Brief? Manchuria Eight Banners Surnames", also known as Hong'e, taking the place as the surname, living in Nyimacha, Yehe, Hada, Bo In places such as Dune and Changbai Mountain, the surnames were later changed to Hong, E, and Guan in Chinese characters. Famous figures include: General Hu Tu of Hangzhou, Shangshu Tune of the Ministry of Punishment, Ke Qi, the third-class light chariot captain, Mang Guchan, the riding captain, Huqiu and Gu Jina, the riding captain.

[Hongjia clan] Honggiya Hala is found in "General Chronicles of the Imperial Dynasty? Clan Briefing? Surnames of the Eight Banners of Manchuria". He lived in Wula and Changbai Mountains for generations, and later changed his surnames to Hong, Hong and Guan in Chinese characters.

[Huhihari Hala] The surname Huhihari Hala is found in the "Qing Dynasty Tongdian? Clan Brief? Manchuria Eight Banners Surnames", and is also called Huhihari Hala and Huhihari Hala, based on the place of origin. , lived in Husihari and Yilanfertah for generations, and later changed their surnames to Chinese characters such as Hua, Guan and Hu.

[Sumuru Hala] Sumuru Hala is found in "General Chronicles of the Dynasty? Clan Briefs? Surnames of the Eight Banners of Manchuria". It is the Manchu word "coral" and is the oldest surname of the Manchu people. The original surname is "Shimo", and he is actually a Khitan. kind. For details, see "Eight Major Surnames of the Manchu People".

[Sorgi Hala] Sorgi Hala is found in the "Qing Dynasty Tongdian? Clan Briefing? Surnames of the Eight Banners of Manchuria". He takes the place as his surname and lives in Wula. His surnames are Suo, Suo and Guan in Chinese characters. Famous figures include: Riding Captain Tanaka.

[Usu clan] Usun Hala is found in "General Chronicles of the Dynasty? Clan Profile? Surnames of the Eight Banners of Manchuria". Also known as Wu Su, "pedantic and bad smell" in Manchu, the oldest surname of the Manchu people, "Wen Gusun", "Wugusun", "Wusun" of the Jinjiu tribe, with the tribe as the surname. He lived in Wusu (now Yitong County, Jilin Province), Varka (now the southern coastal region of Russia), Nayin (now southeast of Fusong, Jilin Province), Changbai Mountain and other places. The surnames with Chinese characters are Wu, Su, Guan, Mu and Dai. Famous figures include: Wusun Youlun, the military governor of the Jin Dynasty, Wugu Sunwutun, the Marshal Zuojianjun, the concubine of the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, Ji Siha, Jibu Keda, the first-class light chariot captains, Duile Shen, the governor of the world, and Mu, the cavalry captain. Hu, first-class light chariot captain Dalbu, second-class light chariot captain Fulun, great scholar Qi Chongge, Dutong Shuose, Shi Guanzuo leader Dai Mengan, Dai Su, Weng Adai, Yunqi captain Wu Niu, Musen, the governor of the capital, Kebai, the censor of the left capital, Suozhu, the Yuanwailang, Dachun, the minister of the Ministry of Rites, Bo Qing'e, the governor of Shaanxi, Wenrui, the right minister of the Ministry of punishment, Dunbai, the censor of the left capital, Ahazhan, the third-class light chariot captain , Garzhu, Qiduwei Ketuobai, Yunqiwei Eroshun, Guibu, Mendu, Nieniuke.