Why did the British referendum result in leaving the European Union? What is the impact of Prime Minister Cameron's resignation on the exchange rate of the British pound and the British economy?

Why have the British been fascinated by Britain's exit from the EU for more than 40 years?

Anyone who has studied geography or politics in China High School knows that Britain is a part of Europe and a member of the European Union, but most British people don't think so. The data of Eurobarometer, a polling agency of the European Commission, tells us that from 1992, the identity of "European" is the * * * knowledge of most people in the EU countries (hovering between 5 1% and 63%), but in 20 15, only 35% of the British people are willing to admit themselves or.

In the EU countries, of course, not everyone likes the EU, but the British people especially lack a good impression of the EU. Polls conducted by Eurobarometer have been conducted for decades. Whether "EU membership is a good thing or a bad thing" or "impression of the EU", British people almost always dislike the EU more than people in other countries. 20 1 1 was asked for the last time, "As a member, does China benefit from the EU?" On average, 52% people in EU countries think they have benefited, while the figure in Britain is only 35%.

The above-mentioned boring poll figures reflect Britain's suspicion of the EU for decades-that is, Euroscepticism. Euroscepticism is everywhere, but Britain is unique. Why did Britain hold a referendum on June 23rd? The phrase "British Prime Minister David Cameron fulfilled his promise in the last election" certainly can't satisfy people's curiosity. By understanding Britain's Euroscepticism, we can understand how Britain's referendum on leaving the EU was cooked from raw rice to mature rice.

From the beginning, Britain was not interested in integrating into Europe.

Most countries decide to join the EU or its predecessor for clear and long-term reasons. 195 1 year, six countries, including France and Germany, established the European coal and steel isomorphism in order to eliminate fears and prevent wars among European powers. Belgium, which is weaker among the six countries, hopes to have a greater say; In A.D. 1980, Spain, Portugal and Greece joined the European Union for fear of returning to right-wing dictatorship. For Poland, Hungary, Estonia and other emerging Eastern European countries, EU membership is a barrier against Russian bullying and the beginning of a new life in the post-capitalist era.

However, from the beginning, Britain was indifferent to European integration. 1946, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill delivered a post-war speech in Zurich, Switzerland. He not only called for reconciliation between France and Germany, but also called for the establishment of a European United States. Having said that, Churchill did not take Britain into account. 1944 On the eve of the Normandy landing, Churchill argued with French General Charles de Gaulle that if Britain had to choose between Europe and the ocean, "she would always choose the ocean".

In the first half of the 20th century, the European continent experienced one disaster after another. In contrast, Britain has never lost a great war since 1783 and has not been conquered since 1066. For Britain, the Second World War was not so much fear as glory. 195 1 year after the establishment of European coal and steel, 1957, the British reaction was very cold. Britain even sent second-rate trade officials to observe the signing of the Treaty of Rome 1957.

It was not until 196 1 that Harold Macmillan, then British Prime Minister and Conservative, was moved by the excellent economic performance of European economy and began to seek to join. 1950- 197 1 year, the GDP of western European 12 economies increased by 4.7% annually. Even the oil crisis of 1970 could not prevent the increasingly integrated Europe from enjoying unprecedented economic prosperity. In other words, Britain's initial pursuit of joining the European economy was based on utilitarianism and pragmatism, and it was a rational result after analyzing the costs and benefits, rather than pursuing a "closer alliance" like other countries.

After Britain joined the European Union, it felt excluded and out of place everywhere.

Britain regards its relationship with Europe as a transaction. When the European economy was integrated into the European economy and joined the European economy at 1973, Britain found some "strange strange bedfellows" between itself and Europe. Many of the positions of today's British Eurosceptics are actually echoes of British complaints more than 40 years ago. At that time, protectionism prevailed in Europe and it was indifferent to the world outside the European continent, which was inconsistent with the British concept of economic liberalism. Europe * * * adopts the same agricultural policy, the same fishery policy and budget sharing policy. Because of this, Britain pays a sum of money for agricultural and fishery subsidies of other member countries every year, so that Britain is a net contributor to the European budget every year, and many people call it "cheated".

Pay a lot, get very little, so Britain naturally has more dissatisfaction and hostility to the EU and its predecessor. 1975, Britain held a referendum on Brexit. If Harold Wilson, then British Prime Minister and Labour Party, had not renegotiated with the EU and introduced mechanisms such as budget revision, as many as 67% of British people would not have chosen to stay in the EU. As for Margaret Thatcher, the well-known British Prime Minister and leader of the Conservative Party, throughout the1980s, she kept working hard to reduce the "share" cost of astronomical figures in Britain and insisted on "getting our money back", so that Britain could finally enjoy some concessions and compensation from the European budget share.

In addition to the consideration of economic interests, many British people have always suspected that joining the European Union will erode Britain's national sovereignty. One of the most basic principles of British unwritten constitution is the principle of parliamentary sovereignty, that is, parliament has the highest legislative power. However, the EC Act promulgated by Britain in 1972 for joining the EC stipulates that European law is superior to the domestic laws of member States. Despite this, Margaret Thatcher waved the flag and shouted for the referendum on 1975. She believes that every big country must give up part of its sovereign rights in order to establish a more effective political unit.

While Margaret Thatcher's Conservative government is striving to establish a single European market, France, West Germany, Italy and other countries want to reform the EU. Jaques Delors, president of the European Sports Commission, also focused on the institutional reform of the European Sports Commission. Margaret Thatcher was furious and made a famous speech in Bruges, Belgium on 1988, saying that Britain wanted to see a Europe where sovereign countries joined together voluntarily, not a federal Europe like the United States. She doesn't want to see Britain controlled by a supranational organization in Brussels. It's a pity that Margaret Thatcher can't speak alone, and Britain is destined to be an embarrassing member of the EU (and the future EU).

The EU really needs to improve its own way, but today Britain's withdrawal from the EU is mostly a self-contradictory visionary.

Britain is naturally not interested in European political integration, and deep-rooted Euroscepticism largely doomed Britain not to join the euro zone and the Schengen Agreement. The Maastricht Treaty of 1992 promoted the establishment of the European Union, but the British government led by Conservative john major insisted on the right to choose to join the single currency system stipulated in the Maastricht Treaty. 1997, Tony Blair, a Labour MP, became the British Prime Minister and continued to keep Britain out of the euro zone, while David Cameron, a Conservative MP who came to power in 20 10, simply dissolved the preparatory group for joining the euro established during Blair's time. Today, Britain has not joined the euro zone.

Facts have proved that 1980- 1990' s British Eurosceptics were correct. At that time, the pro-Europeans were all out-and-out dreamers. They naively imagined that a Europe without borders and a single currency system would magically evolve into a "United States of Europe", just as Churchill imagined 50 years ago. Eurosceptics point out that only monetary unification without fiscal unification can only lead to disaster. The long-term high inflation, high unemployment, low economic growth and the famous European debt crisis in the euro zone are the most powerful reasons to say no to the euro.

However, the EU is not the EU 20 years ago, and Europe is not the Europe just after World War II. Britain's unique Euroscepticism has now extended to issues such as immigration. Unfortunately, people who leave Europe today have turned into dreamers. Many British people who believe in the free market have given contradictory reasons for leaving the EU.

Daniel Hannan, a member of the British Conservative Party and a member of the European Parliament, wrote in a popular article about Britain's withdrawal from the European Union that Brexit can liberate Britain from an undemocratic supranational organization run by Brussels bureaucrats and fully enjoy the benefits of the European Free Trade Area. But the reality is that a non-EU country can only enter the EU single market in a limited way. If you refuse EU supervision, you have to accept the economic reality that British exports to the EU are declining. If you want to ensure that the British economy will not be damaged to the greatest extent after Brexit, you have to accept the supervision of the EU. What's the difference between this and staying in Europe?

Another important argument of Brexit is that there is no need to "pay tribute" to other EU countries after Brexit. According to the data of Chatham House, the budget contribution paid by Britain in 20 14/20 15 was only 1.2% of public expenditure. At the same time, it eclipses the transfer of sovereignty, the main battlefield of Britain's exit from the EU, because Britain retains the sovereignty of monetary policy because the Conservative and Labour governments continue not to participate in the euro zone. Britain retained its greatest sovereignty as much as possible and ceded a small part to the European Union, NATO and the International Monetary Fund in exchange for greater returns. No wonder, even though the EU has Qian Qian's absolute disappointment, many sober-minded Britons who have long adhered to Euroscepticism have unexpectedly said in unison this time: "I am a Eurosceptic, but I don't support Britain's withdrawal from the EU."

-Netease said so.