About the history of Hakka people

Hakka is a distinctive Han ethnic group, and it is also one of the Han ethnic groups with wide distribution and far-reaching influence in the world.

since the song dynasty, the Han people in the central plains moved southward in a large scale, passing through southern Jiangxi and western Fujian to Meizhou, and finally formed a relatively mature and stable Hakka clan. Since then, the Hakkas have taken Meizhou as their base and moved abroad in large numbers to the whole country and even all over the world. The four Hakka States are Meizhou, Ganzhou, Tingzhou and Huizhou. Shek Pik in Ninghua, Fujian Province is the center of Hakka clan formation, and Shek Pik is also called "Hakka ancestral land".

directory [hidden]

1 Hakka origin?

1.1 Hakka migration?

1.2 What is the origin of Hakka names?

2 Hakka area?

3 Hakka spirit?

4 what is the distribution of Hakkas?

4.1 distribution of Hakkas in Chinese mainland?

4.2 distribution of Hakkas in hong kong and Macao?

4.3 distribution of Hakkas in Taiwan Province?

4.4 distribution of Hakkas in the world?

5 historical celebrities?

6 modern celebrities?

6.1 Taiwan Province?

6.2 hong kong and Macao?

6.3 Chinese mainland?

6.4 overseas regions?

7 Hakka dwellings?

8 Hakka food?

9 languages?

1 art?

11 tourist attractions?

12 external connection

? Hak-ka-ngin?

Population:

About 6 million

Distribution:

* South Chinese mainland, Hong Kong and Macao

* Taiwan Province

* Southeast Asia and other places

Ethnic group:

Ethnic group:

Ethnic group:

Yellow ethnic group

Han nationality

Hakka ethnic group < Hakka indigenous theory holds that "Hakka * * * is the same body, and the * * * is the same body produced after the localization of the Guyue people in the Fujian-Guangdong-Jiangxi triangle, and its main body is the Guyue people living in this land, not a few people living in the Central Plains". Hakka Central Plains theory holds that the main body of Hakka is immigrants from the Central Plains.

It is generally believed that Hakka people are a Han people group with unique dialects, cultures and characteristics which are different from other Han people groups. A small number of Han people who migrated to the south gathered in the connecting areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi from the end of Tang Dynasty to the middle of Ming Dynasty, and merged with the indigenous people with the majority population such as She and Yao. The main characteristics of its culture and its inheritance from the Han culture in the Central Plains should definitely be a branch of the Han nationality. However, this clan is not pure Han descent, and its culture is not pure Central Plains Han culture. Therefore, as a group, its members should include members of different nationalities who integrate with each other and enjoy the same cultural characteristics. Therefore, the term "Hakka" is the title of a Han nationality, not the concept of a race, but the concept of culture.

Hakkas' migration

Hakkas have the habit of compiling genealogy. Tracing back to the origin, we can find that Hakkas are from the Han nationality and live in the north of China. The range of activities is about Shanxi, Henan and Hubei today. According to linguists' research, Hakka dialect is the closest to the ancient phonology of the Central Plains, and its social patriarchal clan system, cultural life customs, clothing, belief worship and geomantic superstition are similar to those of the old Central Plains.

According to genealogy and historical records, Hakkas refer to the Central Plains people who moved to the south after the Jingkang Revolution. Most of them are young men. These Central Plains men intermarried with local Yue Nv, and their descendants inherited their fathers' surnames and Confucian culture, as well as Baiyue customs, so Hakka dialect has the characteristics of Chinese and Baiyue in Song Dynasty. They don't have a good relationship with Cantonese people descended from Qin people and Minnan people descended from Jin people.

Due to the unrest in the north, the Hakkas have gone through five major migrations. According to the research of Luo Xianglin, a historian, the migration of Hakkas from the Central Plains of the Yellow River Basin can be divided into five periods:

The first major migration was in Yongjia period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Five random China, the capital moved from Luoyang to Nanjing, and the Central Plains area was in chaos, and a large number of nobles, celebrities and ordinary people moved to the south of the Yangtze River. In order to take refuge, Hakka ancestors also moved south, crossed the Yellow River and arrived in Anhui, Hubei, southern Henan and Jiangxi.

The second great migration was from the late Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, mainly influenced by the Huang Chao Rebellion, which forced Hakka ancestors to move to southern Anhui, southeastern Jiangxi, western and southern Fujian, and the northeastern border of eastern Guangdong.

The third great migration took place from the end of the Southern Song Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty. The Mongols entered the Central Plains, and the Song Dynasty moved south. At that time, the Hakkas living in the south of Jiangxi and the west of Fujian also moved to the east and north of Guangdong, and supported the royal family of the Song Dynasty, confronting the Mongolian army and sacrificing their heroism.

The fourth great migration took place in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Due to factors such as Manchu moving south to the main office and internal population expansion, they moved from eastern Guangdong, northern Guangdong and southwestern Jiangxi to central Guangdong and coastal areas, and to Sichuan, Guangxi, Hunan and Taiwan Province, and a small number of them moved to Huili in southern and southern Guizhou and Xikang.

The fifth great migration, after the Qing Dynasty, was moved from Xinxing and Taishan in central Guangdong to Gao, Lei, Qin and Lian states in western Guangdong, and as far away as Hainan Island, due to the influence of the fighting between natives and tourists and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom incident.

When the people of the Central Plains moved to the south in May, there was already a "guest-giving system". Zhi Yun, Shuzhou County, Southern Qi Dynasty: "Southern Yanzhou is the town of Guangling. When the people were in trouble, they moved to this place, and the refugees took most of them as guests. Yuan Di Daxing four years, a letter to the refugees lost their registration, so that the people have a department, for the guest system. "