What country is Ceylon now?

Sri Lanka, the full name of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka [1], formerly known as Ceylon, is a tropical island country located in the Indian Ocean and a member of the Commonwealth. In ancient China, it was called Lion Country, Lion Country and Sinhalese Country. [ 1]

Sri Lanka's economy is dominated by agriculture, and it is also one of the three major tea-producing countries in the world. Its biggest advantage lies in its mining and geographical location, and it is known as the "Gem Island". Sri Lanka is a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation and a member of the Commonwealth, the Group of 77, the Non-Aligned Movement and the United Nations. It is also the only South Asian country rated as "high" in the human development index [2].

Sinhalese migrated from India to Sri Lanka in the 5th century BC.

247 years ago, King Ashoka of the Peacock Dynasty in India sent his son to the island. Since then, Sinhalese people have abandoned Brahmanism and converted to Buddhism. About 365,438+065,438+0 years ago, the tooth of Buddha was introduced into Sri Lanka from India.

Around the 2nd century BC, Tamils in South India also began to move in.

From the 5th century to16th century, wars broke out between the Sinhalese kingdom and the Tamil kingdom until the Portuguese fleet landed near Colombo in 152 1.

1587- 1588, the Portuguese army defeated the attack of the kingdom of Stavaca in the Battle of Colombo, and since then, the war between the aborigines and the Portuguese has continued.

Dutch troops occupied Colombo.

1796 February 15 British troops occupied Colombo and the Dutch rule ended.

1802, Britain and France signed the Treaty of Amiens, and Sri Lanka was officially declared a British colony.

1February 4, 948, Sri Lanka officially declared its independence and became a Commonwealth autonomous territory, with the country name Ceylon.

1May 22, 972, renamed Sri Lanka * * * and the Republic of China.

1On August 6th, 978, the new constitution was promulgated and the country was renamed as the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. [ 1]

After Sri Lanka's independence, the Tamil people set up LTTE in 1972 (renamed as "Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam" in1976) and embarked on the road of "independent statehood".

1In July 1983, LTTE members killed 13 government soldiers in Jaffna Peninsula in the north, and then a large-scale violent conflict against Tamils broke out in Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka, which triggered a civil war in Sri Lanka.

1In July 1987, the governments of India and Sri Lanka reached an agreement, and Indian troops entered Sri Lanka to carry out peacekeeping missions. LTTE refused to disarm and exchanged fire with Indian troops.

1in March 1990, Indian troops withdrew from Sri Lanka. LTTE then attacked and occupied Jaffna Peninsula.

1995 65438+ 10, Sri Lankan president Mrs. Kumaratunga and LTTE reached a ceasefire agreement. However, the ceasefire agreement was broken because LTTE sank two ships of the Sri Lankan navy. Sri Lankan government forces subsequently occupied Jaffna.

1996 65438+ 10, LTTE planned a suicide attack against the central bank, killing 76 people and injuring more than 0/000 people.

In February 2002, under the mediation of Norway, the Sri Lankan government signed a permanent ceasefire agreement with LTTE.

In April 2003, LTTE withdrew from the peace talks and the peace process in Sri Lanka was interrupted.

In August 2005, Sri Lankan Foreign Minister Kadirgamar was assassinated by LTTE in his apartment. In June+10 of the same year, Rajapaksa, who took a tough stance on LTTE, was elected president.

In July 2006, Sri Lankan government forces launched a new round of military strikes against LTTE and gradually recovered the areas controlled by LTTE.

In July, 2007, Sri Lankan government forces occupied Topigara, the last important stronghold of LTTE in Orientale Province, Sri Lanka, and achieved control over Orientale Province.

On June 5438+ 10, 2008, Sri Lankan government forces launched a large-scale attack on LTTE.

On June 5438+ 10, 2009, Sri Lankan government forces successively occupied LTTE's political headquarters in Quirino and military headquarters in Mulaitivu.

At the beginning of April 2009, Sri Lankan government forces captured LTTE's last stronghold in the north. On the 26th, LTTE announced a unilateral ceasefire. However, the Sri Lankan government refused to cease fire and demanded LTTE to surrender.

On May 18, 2009, prabhakaran, the top leader of LTTE, was killed by government forces in the northern Mulaitiu area. On June 5438+09, Sri Lankan President Rajapaksa said that Sri Lankan government forces completely defeated LTTE and recovered "every inch of land" occupied by LTTE.

On May 17, 2009, LTTE admitted defeat in the 25-year-long war with the government forces, and ended the battle with the government forces. On May 18, Sri Lankan government forces killed prabhakaran, the top leader of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, in Mulaitiwu district, announcing the end of Sri Lanka's civil war.

On March 6, 20 18, the Sri Lankan government declared a national emergency due to violence in some areas, and on June 8 18, it instructed to lift the national emergency.

Sri Lanka is an island country in the Indian Ocean, located between 5 degrees 55 minutes and 9 degrees 50 minutes north latitude and 79 degrees 42 minutes and 8 1 degree 53 minutes east longitude. It is located at the southern tip of the South Asian subcontinent, facing the Indian Peninsula across the Pakistan Strait in the northwest. It is 432 kilometers long from north to south and 224 kilometers wide from east to west, with a land area of 656 10 square kilometers.

Population size

In 20 17, the population of Sri Lanka was 2 1.44 million. Sinhalese accounted for 74.9%, Tamils 15.4%, Moors 9.2% and others 0.5%. Sinhala and Tamil are both official and national languages, and English is widely used in the upper class. 70.2% of the residents believe in Buddhism, 12.6% in Hinduism, 9.7% in Islam and 7.4% in Catholicism and Christianity.

topography

The island of Sri Lanka is roughly pear-shaped. South-central Sri Lanka is a plateau, of which Piduru Mountain is 2524 meters above sea level, which is the highest point in the country. The northern and coastal areas are plains, in which the northern coastal plain is wide, while the southern and western coastal plains are relatively narrow, with an altitude of 150m.

Climatic characteristics

Sri Lanka has a tropical monsoon climate. It is like summer all year round, with an average annual temperature of 28℃. The average annual precipitation varies from 1283-332 1 mm. The average maximum temperature in coastal areas is 365,438 0.3℃, and the average minimum temperature is 23.8℃. The average maximum temperature in mountainous areas is 26. 1℃, and the average minimum temperature is 16.5℃. Sri Lanka has no four seasons, only rainy season and dry season. The rainy season is from May to August and165438+1October to February of the following year, when the southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon pass through Sri Lanka. The annual rainfall in southwest China is 2540mm to 5080mm, and that in northwest and southeast China is less than1250 mm.

division into districts

Sri Lanka is divided into 9 provinces and 25 counties.

The nine provinces are western province, central province, southern province, northwest province, northern province, central and northern province, eastern province, Uwa province and Sabaragamuwa province. [ 1]

Major city

Colombo (Colombo)

Colombo is the capital of Sri Lanka, with an area of 37.3 1 km2. It is called the "Oriental Crossroads". Since the Middle Ages, it has been one of the important commercial ports in the world, and the world-famous Lancashire gems have been continuously exported overseas from here. Tropical monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 28℃.

Nouara Elie

Transliteration "Nouara Elia". A mountainous city in Sri Lanka. Located in the southeast of Kandy, it is 889 meters above sea level. The population is 2 1 ten thousand (198 1). 1828 established a convalescent station and gradually developed into a convalescent city. There are parks, hotels, gymnasiums and hot springs. Every April, tourists come here for the summer, which is a famous summer resort. Highway traffic center. Tea, rubber and vegetable distribution center.

International Association of National Lottery Organizations

A port city in southwestern Sri Lanka. The population is 77,000 (198 1). From16th century to17th century, it was a famous commercial center and major port in the East. The water depth is more than 6 meters, which can berth 5000-ton ships. For the naval base. Railways and highways connect with Colombo. China's largest fishing port, with modern refrigeration equipment. Export rubber, coconut, graphite, handicrafts and citronella oil; Import fuel and grain. There is Yala National Park nearby, which is a game reserve.