Plum history

The Historical Evolution of Plums Which plums mostly come from two kinds of plum trees?

One is Eurasian plum, which later evolved into European plum, including French and Italian dried plum, green plum and Rhine-Claude plum, as well as yellow egg plum and queen plum. Among them, the most common is purple-blue dried plum, which is oval, fleshy, semi-soft and tender, and belongs to semi-detached fruit.

The second is the Asian variety "Asian Plum", which originated in China, was introduced to the United States on 1875 after being improved by the Japanese, and was further bred by Luther Barbank and others. Derived varieties of Asian plum (santa rosa plum, Xinxiang plum and other varieties) often have large and round fruits ranging from yellow, red to purple, which belong to sticky-core fruits with soft and tender flesh.

European plums are generally made into dried fruits or pickled, while Asian plums are mostly eaten raw. Plum is a more mature fruit, so it can be harvested before ripening, stored at 0℃ for up to 13 days, and then left standing at 13 to let it mature slowly.

Different varieties of plums have different aromas, but generally they contain almond-flavored benzaldehyde, floral aromatic alcohol, peach-flavored lactone and irritating methyl cinnamate.

How many years have plums been planted? Plums are native to China and have been planted for 300 years.

Plum belongs to cowpea family, which is divided into subfamilies and subdivided into different specific varieties, such as Huang Xiang plum, Dazi plum and green plum. Of course, we must not forget to graft plums, which are our common dried plums. There are some other varieties that most people are familiar with. For example, the purple plum from southwest France, also known as the president plum, has a rectangular and blue-purple fruit, which is sometimes confused with the big purple plum. There is also a plum named Yue Mei Li Hong, which has a big fruit with a red or yellow skin and a small stone. It was introduced to France in the 1960s.

When buying plums, choose fresh ones. The pulp feels soft, and most varieties (but not all) will be covered with a layer of fruit paste.

Li's History and Origin

First, there are six sources.

1, from the won surname, is a descendant of Zhuan Xu Di Levin. During Yao's reign, he was appointed as Dali Kingdom (prison), his son Bo Yi was yuanshi county, and his son Sun San inherited Dali Kingdom. According to the custom at that time, their descendants took Guan as their surname and called Li. There are two ways to change Li's name to Li's. There is a saying: In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Li Zheng, a descendant of Hao Tao, was an official in North Korea. He offended Shang Zhouwang by telling her and was executed. When his wife Qihe fled with her son Li Zhen, she survived by eating plums. She dared not say Li, so she changed her surname to Li. Another way of saying it is: According to the surname test, there was no Li before the week. Because there is a Lao Tzu named Li, his name is Er, and he is a descendant of Li Zhen, so he is also named Li, because his ancestor is an official of Li, and Li and Li have the same ancient sound. Apparently, Li began to call himself by his surname in Li Er.

2. Change his surname from his home. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liangping gave his surname Zhao, Zhang, Yang, Li and other local ethnic minorities after his funeral. Xianbei people have a compound surname of Li, which was changed to Chinese character Li after sinicization. It's for Li in Luoyang.

3. From his surname to Li. According to relevant records, the founding fathers of the Tang Dynasty included Xu, An, Du, Guo, Ma, Xian Yu and other generals 16 who were given the Tang surname for their meritorious military service.

4. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu Anjun, the general of Zhao State, was replaced by Li Zuoche, who later took Li Ming as his surname.

5. It was the Northern Wei Dynasty whose surname was changed. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li and other surnames were reprimanded on behalf of the North. After Emperor Xiaowen entered the Central Plains, he changed his surname to Li. See Wei's clan annals.

6. Existing surnames of ethnic minorities. Yanbian Koreans are generally surnamed Li.

Second, the county hall number

1, hall number

The "Longxi Guild Hall" was named after Li's expectation of Longxi County.

2. Wang Jun

Longxi County: A county was established during the Warring States Period. The ancestor of this Li family is Li Chong, the eldest son of Li Tan, Qin Situ.

Zhao County: A county was established in the Han Dynasty. The ancestor of this Li family is Li Mu, the second son of Li Ji, a famous teacher in Qin Dynasty.

Dunqiu County: A county was established in the Western Jin Dynasty. This branch of Li's in Longxi, Gansu Province was founded by Li Guang 1, a famous Western Han Dynasty.

Zhongshan county: the county of Emperor Henkel. This branch of Li is a branch of Zhao, and its ancestor is Ricky, the third word.

Guanghan County: A county was established in the Han Dynasty. This branch of Li is named after Li in Longxi, and its ancestor is Li Shang (Li Guang's father).

plum

1, from the won surname, is a descendant of Zhuan Xu Di Levin. During Yao's reign, he was appointed as Dali Kingdom (prison), his son Bo Yi was yuanshi county, and his son Sun San inherited Dali Kingdom. According to the custom at that time, their descendants took Guan as their surname and called Li. There are two ways to change Li's name to Li's. There is a saying: In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Li Zheng, a descendant of Hao Tao, was an official in North Korea. He offended Shang Zhouwang by telling her and was executed. When his wife Qihe fled with her son Li Zhen, she survived by eating plums. She dared not say Li, so she changed her surname to Li. Another way of saying it is: According to the surname test, there was no Li before the week. Because there is a Lao Tzu named Li, his name is Er, and he is a descendant of Li Zhen, so he is also named Li, because his ancestor is an official of Li, and Li and Li have the same ancient sound. Apparently, Li began to call himself by his surname in Li Er.

2. Change his surname from his home. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liangping gave his surname Zhao, Zhang, Yang, Li and other local ethnic minorities after his funeral. Xianbei people have a compound surname of Li, which was changed to Chinese character Li after sinicization. It's for Li in Luoyang.

3. From his surname to Li. According to relevant information, the founding fathers of the Tang Dynasty included general Xu (Xu, An, Du, Guo, Ma, and Xian Ji). 16), Li was specially awarded for his meritorious service.

History of Li surname: 1. There are six sources.

1, from the won surname, is a descendant of Zhuan Xu Di Levin. During Yao's reign, he was appointed as Dali Kingdom (prison), his son Bo Yi was yuanshi county, and his son Sun San inherited Dali Kingdom. According to the custom at that time, their descendants took Guan as their surname and called Li. There are two ways to change Li's name to Li's. There is a saying: In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Li Zheng, a descendant of Hao Tao, was an official in North Korea. He offended Shang Zhouwang by telling her and was executed. When his wife Qihe fled with her son Li Zhen, she survived by eating plums. She dared not say Li, so she changed her surname to Li. Another way of saying it is: According to the surname test, there was no Li before the week. Because there is a Lao Tzu named Li, his name is Er, and he is a descendant of Li Zhen, so he is also named Li, because his ancestor is an official of Li, and Li and Li have the same ancient sound. Apparently, Li began to call himself by his surname in Li Er.

2. Change his surname from his home. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liangping gave his surname Zhao, Zhang, Yang, Li and other local ethnic minorities after his funeral. Xianbei people have a compound surname of Li, which was changed to Chinese character Li after sinicization. It's for Li in Luoyang.

3. From his surname to Li. According to relevant records, the founding fathers of the Tang Dynasty included Xu, An, Du, Guo, Ma, Xian Yu and other generals 16 who were given the Tang surname for their meritorious military service.

4. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu Anjun, the general of Zhao State, was replaced by Li Zuoche, who later took Li Ming as his surname.

5. It was the Northern Wei Dynasty whose surname was changed. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li and other surnames were reprimanded on behalf of the North. After Emperor Xiaowen entered the Central Plains, he changed his surname to Li. See Wei's clan annals.

6. Existing surnames of ethnic minorities. Yanbian Koreans are generally surnamed Li.

How much history does Li have? There are four sources of Li surname. 1. According to the books of the Tang Dynasty. The lineage table of prime ministers, which comes from the surname of "Won". After Hao Tao, the world was Dali (the first prison officer in charge of criminal law), and the official was the surname. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Laozi, the founder of Taoism, took Li as his surname and called him Li Er for ancestral reasons. Secondly, according to Northern History, Li of Zhao Jun was the first Li Zuoche native after Wu Anjun of Zhao Jiang. 3. According to Wei Shu, the surname of the northern Xianbei nationality was "Chi Li" at the end of Wei Dynasty, and later it was changed to the Chinese character "Li". Fourth, the surname of the royal family in the Tang Dynasty was "Li", and "Li" became the national surname. In the early Tang Dynasty, sixteen surnames (five of which are compound surnames) of Xu, Tai, An, Du, Hu, Hong, Guo, Ma, Xian Yu, Zhang, Abu, Sari, Dong, Luo and Zhu Xie were given to the country "Li". In addition, many families changed to Li, and Li's population increased greatly. Known as "the largest surname in the world", Li is the most populous surname in the world, ranking fourth among hundreds of surnames. In order to distinguish other homonym surnames, they are often called "Eighteen Plums" or "Li Muzi Plums".

Another source of Li surname

Judging from his surname, he is a descendant of Zhuan Xu Di Levin. During Yao's reign, he was appointed as Dali Kingdom (prison), his son Bo Yi was yuanshi county, and his son Sun San inherited Dali Kingdom. According to the custom at that time, their descendants took Guan as their surname and called Li. There are two ways to change Li's name to Li's. There is a saying: In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Li Zheng, a descendant of Hao Tao, was an official in North Korea. He offended Shang Zhouwang by telling her and was executed. When his wife Qihe fled with her son Li Zhen, she survived by eating plums. She dared not say Li, so she changed her surname to Li. Another way of saying it is: According to the surname test, there was no Li before the week. Because there is a Lao Tzu named Li, his name is Er, and he is a descendant of Li Zhen, so he is also named Li, because his ancestor is an official of Li, and Li and Li have the same ancient sound. Apparently, Li began to call himself by his surname in Li Er. In Taiwan Province Province, North Korea and Viet Nam, Li is also a common surname, and Li is the second largest surname in North Korea. According to statistics, the total population of Li nationality is about 654.38 billion, including 92.074 million Li nationality, accounting for 7. 19% of the total population in China. Henan Province is the largest province with Li surname in China. Ancient Longxi, now Lintao, Gansu, is an important birthplace of Li. In Hongkong, Li's English transliteration includes Li and Li Helei, while in Macau there are Li and Li Helei. Li is a Chinese phonetic alphabet, Li Helei is a Cantonese phonetic alphabet, and Lei is a Portuguese transliteration.

Li Shi Li is the first surname in China today, and it is also the first surname in the world. According to statistics, Li is the largest surname among the Han people in China, accounting for 7.9% of the Han population. That is to say, there are more than 87 million people surnamed Li in the world.

So,

When, where, who and how did Li's surname come from?

It's interesting to say. Li was originally named after his official position. Yan Tao, the legendary leader of Dongyi tribe, lived in Qufu, Shandong Province today. When Yao was the leader of the Yanhuang Yi League, Gou Jian took his post and was in charge of criminal law. Later generations followed his official position and changed his surname to Li. Known for its integrity, it continues to be reused by Shun after Yao.

Li Zheng's descendants were officials in Shang Dynasty, dared to remonstrate, offended Shang Zhouwang and died. His wife Qihe and son Li Zhen fled to Houyi Market (now yi river Valley in western Henan Province), where they hid and survived by eating Mu Zi (the fruit of plum trees). So starting from Li Zhen, the surname Li was changed to Li to commemorate Mei who saved Li.

The famous Laozi is said to be Loretta Lee's grandson 1 1. In the Tang Dynasty, Li became the "national surname". In the early Tang Dynasty, the generals who followed Li Yuan and cultivated the world all took Li as their surname, which greatly expanded Li's population. The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of feudal society in China, which lasted for more than 300 years. Li is the noblest, and his population has been greatly developed.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Li began to emigrate overseas. During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, more Li people moved overseas.

Li's Historical Surname: Li■ According to legend, Li's surname comes from the Yellow Emperor, and his ancestor is the descendant of Zhuan Xu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor.

Hao Tao, an official in Dali, Yao Di, was in charge of justice and presided over the formulation of five kinds of punishments, which were called "five punishments" in history. It is said that he can also drive a unicorn named Ara. This monster is very spiritual and can distinguish good from evil. When you see a guilty person, there is a unicorn to hit, and you get angry when you tell a lie.

With its help, Hao Tao never made mistakes in deciding cases and became a famous judge. Since then, his descendants have inherited their duties, including Li Yu, Xia and Shang, taking the official position as their surname and being called "Li".

At the end of the Shang Dynasty, his descendant Sun was executed because he could not tolerate it. His wife, Qi and Shi, fled to the market together.

On the way to escape, the mother and son were hungry, thirsty and without food, so they had to pick fruits from the plum trees on the roadside to satisfy their hunger, so as to save their lives. Later, Li Zheng gave birth to his long ancestor and became a doctor in Chen Guo. His descendants grew up slowly.

To commemorate the fruit of the plum tree where our ancestors lived, we changed our surname from Li to Li. ■ In the pre-Qin period, the development of Li's surname was relatively calm, with only a few cultural celebrities such as Li Er (Laozi), Li Si and so on.

After entering the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Li Xiong, who was born in the border ethnic group, established the Han regime for the first time in Chengdu today, saying that he was lonely. Then, according to Hebei, Shixiong Li, Zhao County, Wang, Cui, Lu and Zheng were called the five counties of the Central Plains.

In addition, there is a Li in Longxi, Guanlong, and one of its members, Li Yan, established Xiliang State in the Sixteen Kingdoms period and became the distant ancestor of Li Yuan, who later established the Tang Dynasty. Especially in the Tang Dynasty, not only two Li surnames, Longxi and Zhaojun, were competing for the honor contest, but even others were proud of changing their surnames to Li.

According to relevant records, there were 65,438+00 cases in which the emperors of the Tang Dynasty gave or changed their surnames to Li, such as Xu, C, Dong, An, Ru, Guo, Xian Yu, Wang, Zhang, Du, Hu, Hong, Ma and Luo. In addition, some people surnamed Li pretend to be.

These given surnames or fake surnames undoubtedly expanded the ranks of Li surnames, and the continuous development of Li surnames in the Tang Dynasty for nearly 300 years made its population expand rapidly, jumping from a surname with little influence to a Han surname. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the surname Li developed further.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many people surnamed Li went abroad and went to the world, making Li the most popular surname in the world. Today, Li has a population of more than 80 million, distributed in many parts of the world.

The famous Lao Zi (Li Er) is a famous thinker. Tang Taizong, Li Shimin and Li Bai were the figures who pushed Tang poetry to its peak. Li Zhengdao is a world-famous scientist, and the number is indescribable. The origin of Li's surname is as follows: Judging from his won surname, he is a descendant of Zhuan Xu Di Levin.

During Yao's reign, he was appointed as Dali Kingdom (prison), his son Bo Yi was yuanshi county, and his son Sun San inherited Dali Kingdom. According to the custom at that time, their descendants took Guan as their surname and called Li. There are two ways to change Li's name to Li's.

There is a saying: In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Li Zheng, a descendant of Hao Tao, was an official in North Korea. He offended Shang Zhouwang by telling her and was executed. When his wife Qihe fled with her son Li Zhen, she survived by eating plums. She dared not say Li, so she changed her surname to Li. Another way of saying it is: According to the surname test, there was no Li before the week. Because there is a Lao Tzu named Li, his name is Er, and he is a descendant of Li Zhen, so he is also named Li, because his ancestor is an official of Li, and Li and Li have the same ancient sound.

Apparently, Li began to call himself by his surname in Li Er. Change your surname to another family.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liangping gave his surname Zhao, Zhang, Yang, Li and other local ethnic minorities after his funeral. Xianbei people have a compound surname of Li, which was changed to Chinese character Li after sinicization.

It's for Li in Luoyang. Since he changed his surname to Li.

According to relevant records, the founding fathers of the Tang Dynasty included Xu, An, Du, Guo, Ma, Xian Yu and other generals 16 who were given the Tang surname for their meritorious military service. Gathering place: Li lived in eastern Henan for 200 years from the end of Shang Dynasty to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.

In the Western Han Dynasty, Li's family moved to present-day Shandong Province. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, some Li clans have migrated to the southwest, distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan and other places, and some have merged into Bai, Miao, Zhuang, Yi, Man, Hui, Tujia and Naxi nationalities. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the whole country was dominated by Li, which was also known as the four famous families with Cui, Lu, Li and Zheng in the Central Plains, but it mainly developed in the north before the Tang Dynasty.

The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China's feudal society, and Li, as the national surname, was the most prominent. In the Tang Dynasty, Li moved south three times: once, in the early Tang Dynasty, some Li people moved south, and some of them from Henan moved into Kaizhangzhou, Fujian.

The second time was the "An Shi Rebellion", and many descendants of Li moved to the south. The third time was in the Five Dynasties. Due to the unrest, Li moved to Fujian, Putian and Jinjiang.

Li's overseas immigration began in the early Ming Dynasty, and all the people who went to Ryukyu were from Fujian. Many people sent to Ryukyu in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were surnamed Li, all from China who moved to Ryukyu from Fujian. In the history of China, there were more than 60 Li Di and Li Wang, who successively established Dacheng, Xiliang, Wu, Wei, Tang, Chu, Later Tang, Nantang, Dashu, Xixia and Dashun regimes.

From the late Ming Dynasty, people from Fujian and Guangdong moved to Taiwan Province Province. Li of Taiwan Province Province ranked fifth.

Li is found everywhere in Taiwan Province Province, and even in sparsely populated border areas, there are descendants of Li. Li from Taiwan Province Province is also from Fujian and Guangdong.

Li, a native of Fujian, first arrived in Taiwan Province and was killed by Zheng Yunlong. Li is not a branch in Taiwan Province province. The first category is Li, who was called Jingxian after the outline of famous officials in the Northern Song Dynasty. The second category is called Duishan Lee by Henan Lee; The third category is Yunnan people in the Song Dynasty, later known as Li in Jinshan Township; The fourth category is Li Yanlou; Between Song and Yuan Dynasties, this Li family was the largest in Taiwan Province.

The name of this hall is "Longxi Hall", because Li Wang is named Longxi County. National genealogy: the general genealogy of the Li family tree in Longxi county is not divided into volumes, the Li family tree is not divided into volumes, and the Li family tree is not divided into volumes.

Hebei: There are five volumes of Li genealogy in Luoxian, four volumes of Li genealogy in Luoyi, no volume of Li genealogy, no volume of Li genealogy, no volume of Li genealogy and ten volumes of Li genealogy. Shanghai: the Li family takes one volume, but the genealogy of Li in Longxi is not divided into volumes, and the genealogy of Li in Zhugang is the first volume of ten volumes.

Jiangsu: rich and charming.

Information about the history of Li surname Li surname is the most populous surname in the world, ranking first among 20 1 1 the latest hundred surnames, and Li surname is the largest surname in China. In order to distinguish other homonym surnames, they are often called "Eighteen Plums" or "Li Muzi Plums". In Taiwan Province Province, North Korea and Viet Nam, Li is also a common surname, and Li is the second largest surname in North Korea. According to statistics, the total population of Li nationality is about 654.38 billion, including 92.074 million Li nationality, accounting for 7. 19% of the total population in China. Henan is the largest Li province in China. Ancient Longxi, now Lintao, Gansu, is an important birthplace of Li. In Hongkong, Li's English transliteration includes Li and Li Helei, while in Macau, there are Li and Li Helei. Li is a Chinese phonetic alphabet, Li Helei is a Cantonese phonetic alphabet, and Lei is a Portuguese transliteration. There are many famous people in past dynasties, such as thinker Li Er and poet Li Bai.

Originated from the won and Yao surnames, from the descendants of Li Zheng, from the descendants of Emperor Levin of Zhuan Xu after the Yellow Emperor, from the descendants of Yao surnames of Shun Di, or from Laozi Li Er, it belongs to the official name. Zhuan Xu and his descendants said: One of Li's ancestors was Boyi, and Boyi was a descendant of Emperor Zhuan Xu. Now, Boyi was given the name of Won by Shun for helping Yu to control water and domesticate birds and animals. Li surname comes from Han surname and Yao surname. One of the ancestors of Li's surname: Yuan appeared because he gave his son-in-law Yuan's surname and married his daughter Yao. Shun Di, surnamed Yao, is a descendant of the Chinese people. He was born in Yaodi and took Yao as his surname. Later generations took Yao as their surname. Yao was the supervisor of Dali State, and his son Boyi was given the name of Won, while his son Sun San inherited the post of Dali State. According to the custom at that time, their descendants took Guan as their surname and called Li. There are two ways to change Li's surname to Li's surname: one is that in the Shang Dynasty, his descendants were officials in North Korea and were executed for offending them. When his wife Qihe fled with her son Li Zhen, she survived by eating plums. She dared not say Li, so she changed her surname to Li. Another way of saying it is: According to historical records, there was no Li before the Zhou Dynasty. Because there is an old man named Li, his name is Er, and he is a descendant of Yes, so Li is also surnamed Li, because his ancestors are human and have the same pronunciation as Li. Apparently, Li began to call himself by his surname in Li Er.

2. Other sources

Originated from changing the surname to give the surname three.