When was Meng Jiangnv born in the Qin Dynasty?

The beautiful image of Meng Jiangnv appeared after the Book of Songs more than 3,000 years ago, about 500 years later, that is, 2,500 years ago. In the twenty-third year of Zuo Zhuan (549 BC), there was another story that had nothing to do with Meng Jiangnv. This is the story of Qi Liang.

Qi Huangong is still in the state of Jin, but he refuses to enter the customs. So he attacked the house, closed the door, and retreated after the injury. The war will resume tomorrow, and the period will be to defend Shu. In the evening, I will also take Jia into the tunnel and stay in the suburbs of Juxian County. Tomorrow, he will first meet Juzi in Pu Hou, and Juzi will pay him a large bribe so that he won't die. Yue: Please form an alliance. Zhou Hua is the opposite: greedy for money and giving up life.

Qi Liang's story has two themes. One is to preach absolute loyalty to the monarch and not to abandon the imperial edict because of property. The other is to advocate strict adherence to feudal etiquette, so Qi Liang's wife corrected Qi Hou's wrong practice of hanging in the suburbs. In this section, we only see that Qi Liang's wife is a person who abides by etiquette. Although she is in mourning, it is admirable that she can handle things with courtesy and not be disturbed. As for how she was heartbroken after her husband died. I don't remember Zuozhuan at all. Why did she go to the suburbs to meet her husband's coffin? Zuo Zhuan didn't explain it either. But judging from the story of Qi Liang, nothing has anything to do with today's story of Meng Jiangnv.

Two hundred years later, in the middle of the Warring States Period, the Book of Rites recorded Ceng Zi's language:

Mourning ministers hang on the road, meet various roads, hang on the road, and draw a palace. Zeng Zi said, "It is better to know the ceremony of Qi Liang's wife." Qi Zhuanggong attacked Juyu, and Qi Liang died. His wife cried when she met him on the road. Minister Zhuang hanged him. He said, "Then your minister must be guilty." Your minister is inevitably guilty, but you are worthy of your own life because of the family of your ancestors.

Compared with the record in Zuo Zhuan, there is no big change in this passage except the sentence "His wife cried when she met her on the road". But this sentence is extremely noticeable, indicating that Qi Liang's wife went to meet her in the suburbs and cried sadly when she saw her. Compared with Zuo Zhuan, it is emotional.

By the end of the Six Dynasties, this story was about Qi and Liang in the Spring and Autumn Period. Their husbands died in the battlefield, so their wives cried bitterly and collapsed, and then went to the water to die. All the works of this period reflect this point, and they have nothing to do with the Great Wall of Qin Shihuang. The cities that cried and collapsed were Qicheng (Biography of Women), Qicheng (Wang Chonglun Heng) and Jucheng (Li Daoyuan's Water Mirror Note), but after the Six Dynasties,

The first stage, the origin stage. From Sangzhong and Lesbian Car, it can be said that Meng Jiangnv's story came into being together with The Book of Songs. The word "Yan" in Fengsang is an ancient country name. After Zhou Wuwang destroyed the business, his brother Cai Shuju, whose original address is today. The original site is in the east of hua county, Shaanxi Province. At first, Meng Jiangnv's story was just a legend. She was a beautiful woman who was born in two neighboring provinces of Henan and Shaanxi. /kloc-in the 6th century, it was widely rumored that Meng Jiangnv was a colleague from Shaanxi. In the 22nd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1594), Zhang Lian said in the Biography of the Temple of the Saint: "The Saint, surnamed Xu, was a colleague from Shaanxi, and her husband went to the Great Wall of Qin people to seek gifts from Jiang Yi.

The second stage was formed in the late Sui and early Tang Dynasties. The story of Qi Liang's wife and Meng Jiangnu's story are quoted in Jade Biography, which has always been regarded as a complete record of Meng Jiangnu's story. In the late Sui and early Tang Dynasties, it was not sudden, but a process from quantitative change to qualitative change. The original text is as follows:

Qi Liang was also a Qi person in the Zhou Dynasty. Zhuang Gong attacked Ju, Qi Liang died, his wife took the good body back, and Zhuang Gong hanged himself on the road. A good wife said, "If Liang dies guilty, his wife will abandon him; If he is innocent and has his own room, how can he hang himself on the road? " So he didn't hang himself, and Zhuang Gong endured humiliation and retired. Spring and Autumn Annals was published.

There is a cloud: Qi Liang, when Qin Shihuang was building the Great Wall in the north, he fled to avoid suffering, because she entered the back garden tree in Meng Chao. Super girl Zhong Zi is taking a bath in the pool. When she sees Qi Liang, she calls him. She asked, "Who is your husband and why?" She said, "My surname is Qi, my first name is Yan. But it was too difficult to build the Great Wall from service, so I fled here. " Zhong Zi said, "Please. How can you be a servant's horse? " Zhong Zi said, "A woman can't see her husband again, so it's unnecessary to say goodbye." So she thanked her father and he agreed. After the ceremony, the couple made a good move. The master was angry with her for running away, but she beat it and built the city. She knew nothing about death, so she sent a servant to replace her. Liang Wen died and built the city. Zhong Zi knew, but she was so sad that she choked up.

Qi Liang's wife's tears, originally "the city collapsed for it", have now become "the feeling that the Great Wall fell down" after "crying for a long time", which is a new Qi Liang story formed by Meng Jiangnu's crying for the Great Wall.

The third stage, the stage of great development, spread to all parts of the country. The discovery of "Meng Jiangnv Ci" and "Meng Jiangnv Bianwen" in Dunhuang shows that the story of Meng Jiangnv first spread to Dunhuang from Shaanxi via Hexi Corridor. "Once you go to Yanshan, you will never return", which fully explains the region where it spreads. This Yanshan Mountain refers to "Rouge Mountain", also called "Rouge Mountain" and "How". Therefore, Yanshan actually refers to Rouge Mountain, which is located in the west of Yongchang County, Gansu Province, south of Shandan County, and stretches between Qilian Mountain and Longshou Mountain. Shandan River (a tributary of Heihe River) and Shiyang River pass through here, forming a watershed, so the water plants here are rich and suitable for grazing. Since ancient times, it has been a place where foreign slave owners often compete and invade. So the Great Wall in Wan Li, Gansu Province was also built very early, and this Great Wall in Wan Li, China. Therefore, the story of Meng Jiangnv in the Tang Dynasty first spread to Gansu, which can be said to be well-founded. It's a new story of Meng Jiangnv. Qi Liang's wife is famous for crying her eyes out. These literati will naturally ask her to be the protagonist in these lyrics, turning her story into crying over the Great Wall and returning home.

Source.

He Jinguo was born four years (1 177) in Zhouyi North Yuan Lu in the Southern Song Dynasty, which said:

Go to Qiu Yong County and pass Fanlang Temple; Its place name is Mengzhuang, and the temple sculpture Meng Jiangnu sits occasionally; General Meng Tian deserves it.

This is Fan Lang's name, which first appeared in the records. Qiu Yong was originally a Qi state in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and there was also a place called Mengzhuang. Perhaps the temple was transferred from her surname and the city that was originally said to be crying (now both the songbook and the novel say that Jiang Meng belongs to Mengjiazhuang). As for Qi Liang, the homophonic "Fan" became Fan Lang, and "Liang" became "Lang".

Huang Shikang's inscription (see the appendix of Records) also said that her surname was Xu and she married Fan Ju in Guanzhong. After Fan Lang left, her widowed aunt died. She buried her aunt to find her husband, saw the bones and cried for three days and nights. Fu Su Meng Tian made them official titles and buried them together. On this day, the flying sand solidified into Wang Mi stone, and a round island surfaced, so a tomb was built on the island and a temple was built on the stone.

In the second year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty (19 10), Shanghai Beach pushed the road to the foot of the old north gate and got a sarcophagus with a stone statue more than three feet high lying in the middle, which became the word "Wan Qiliang". Shanghai City was built in the thirty-second year of Jiajing (1553), and this stone statue should have been carved at that time. Why did we chisel this stone statue when we were building the city?

There is a Wan Xiliang in Gusu, and one person can kill everyone; After the Great Wall was sealed, it became a king, and the Great Wall of Wan Li was always indestructible.

So Qin Shihuang ordered him to be arrested and built in the city. This is a legend in Jiangsu, so that the sounds of "Fan" and "Wan" around Taihu Lake are indistinguishable, and Fan's surname was changed to Wan. Coupled with superstition, it is believed that building the Great Wall will hurt 10 thousand people, and only people surnamed Wan can change it. The time to build the city coincided with the popularity of this legend, so a stone statue was chiseled and buried at the bottom of the city to make the city wall strong.

From the Qing Dynasty to the present, the story of Meng Jiangnv is as follows: 1 Chana escaped; 2. Meet in the garden; 3. Arrested before marriage; 4. Leave home and send clothes; 5. Cry down the Great Wall; 6. Qin Huang wants to marry her, and she asks to build a grave, a temple and an imperial sacrifice; 7. After the sacrifice, Qin Huang committed suicide, but he was depressed when he came back. However, there are several books in the songbook collected by Mongolian Che Wangmi. It is said that Qin Huang pitied his chastity and gave him a jade belt, but he didn't want it. Shaanxi songbook also said that the first emperor named him Jiang Meng, a virtuous woman, and Yunnan songbook also said that Qin Wang named him a virtuous wife, making Lizhou build a memorial arch to show filial piety; These three theories are quite different. As for the place of birth, Suzhou (Wan) Songjiang (Meng) has the greatest influence, followed by Huazhou, (Fan), Wuzhou and Lizhou (Meng). In the place of death, Shanhaiguan is similar, only a small part is Tongguan and Chang 'an.

In the Six Dynasties, the belief of recognizing bones by blood was popular. As for Qi Liang's building of the Great Wall, Meng Zhongzi wept for it for complicated reasons. First, it is because during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Great Wall was the barrier of the frontier and the center of the sad collection. Qi Liang's wife is famous for crying her husband, but she is famous for crying Qi Cheng.

The image of Meng Jiangnu in Dunhuang manuscripts is not only deeply democratic, but also highly rebellious, and has outstanding national customs in art. We can't ignore the typicality of this image. Meng Jiangnu not only cried for her husband, but died for all the ghosts who were unfortunately enslaved and oppressed, which made the image of Meng Jiangnu meaningful. Her antithesis is the whole feudal ruling class, and she represents the exploited and oppressed people in ancient China.