What is the relationship between dialect and national homophonic?

Dialect and nationality are the same language.

In today's world, every fully developed country has its own language. This language is used in government documents, newspapers, radio, movies, literary works and school textbooks. Therefore, in this society, no matter where most residents know, at least they can understand or understand, so that they can communicate with each other easily. This is the so-called "national language".

In addition, there are dialects commonly used in different regions. Although it is basically the same as "Mandarin", it is different in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, which is called "dialect". Dialect is a local variant of national language.

Languages of all countries in the world have their own dialects, such as Scottish dialect of English, German dialect of Gaud and Lower German, northern and southern dialects of French, northern and southern dialects of Russian and so on. Chinese dialects are generally divided into eight regions:

1. Northern dialects-including the vast areas north of the Yangtze River and the areas along the Yangtze River from Zhenjiang to Jiujiang to the south, Hubei (except the southeast corner), Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, the northwest of Guangxi and the northwest corner of Hunan.

Second, Wu dialect-the area south of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, the eastern part of Zhenjiang, Chongming Island, Nantong and Haimen counties north of the Yangtze River, and most of Shanghai and Zhejiang.

Hunan dialect-including parts of Hunan Province and Hubei Province.

Fourth, Gan dialect-the main area is Jiangxi Province.

Five, Hakka dialect-scattered in Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Taiwan Province and other places, mainly represented by eastern Guangdong and northern Guangdong.

6. Cantonese dialect-distributed in central and southwestern Guangdong and southeastern Guangxi, represented by Guangzhou.

Seven, Minnan dialect-southern Fujian, Chaoshan area of Guangdong, part of Hainan Island, most of Taiwan Province Province, represented by Xiamen.

Eight, northern Fujian dialect-northeastern Fujian.

The appearance of dialects in primitive society is mostly the result of collective migration. Some people from one tribe moved to another place, lost contact with the original tribe, and their language gradually changed. This kind of collective migration happened in the future. For example, the Hakkas in China, Guangdong and other provinces, their hometown was originally in the north of China. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, for some reason, they moved to the far south and lost contact with the northern society, so their language gradually evolved from the northern dialect. For another example, from the18th century, Britain immigrated to the United States in large numbers. Today, American English is very different from British English. During the feudal society, the economy was self-sufficient and the transportation was inconvenient. Coupled with geographical factors (such as mountains and rivers) and political factors (long-term feudal separatist regime), society tends to be divided. These are the main reasons for the emergence of dialects.

The differences between dialects are first manifested in pronunciation. For example, Wu dialect and Xiang dialect have voiced sounds, while northern dialects have no voiced sounds. When learning a foreign language, northerners find it difficult. For another example, in most areas of northern dialects, there is a clear distinction between "four" and "poem", but many dialects do not, so it is difficult to meet this difference when learning a foreign language. In addition, many words in Cantonese, Minnan and Hakka all end with [-m], [-p], [-t] and [-k], but not in Northern dialect and Wu dialect. Tone, each dialect is different.

There are also obvious differences in vocabulary, for example, Beijing dialect is called fine print, Su dialect is called xiaogan, Changsha is called Xi character, Guangzhou dialect is called Xi brother, and Hakka dialect is called Da Xi er. It can also be shown that the same word has different meanings, such as "dad" in Jiaxing refers to his father, "dad" in Suzhou refers to his grandfather, and "dad" in Bobai, Guangxi refers to his grandfather.

Grammatical differences are not significant, but there are still some. For example, northern dialect and Wu dialect say "buy more books", while Cantonese and Hakka say "buy more books"; "Trains are faster than cars" in northern China, "Trains are faster than cars" in Cantonese and "Trains are faster than cars" in Hakka.

Within the same dialect area, it varies from place to place. Take phonetics as an example. Although it belongs to the northern dialect, the northeastern provinces do not distinguish between silk and poetry, such as the sentence "forty-four tomatoes". In the southwest, Liu and Niu are indistinguishable, such as Liu Lang and Niu Niang. This difference in the same dialect area is called "sub-dialect".

With the development of society, the capitalist mode of production appeared. With the development of production and transportation, a unified political and economic center has emerged, forming a nation. At this time, "national language" came into being. The formation of "national language" is based on a dialect. For example, modern English is based on London dialect, German is based on South Saxony dialect, Russian is based on Moscow dialect, Italian is based on Dosgang dialect, French is based on ile-de-france dialect, and Chinese is based on Northern dialect. They are all "national languages".

The homonym of Han nationality is also called "Mandarin". Its basic dialect is the northern dialect, with Beijing dialect as the standard pronunciation. This is the result of long-term historical development. Northern dialect occupies a particularly important position in politics, economy and culture in the history of Han nationality. Since the Song Dynasty, many famous vernacular literary works have been written in northern dialects and widely circulated. But it does not represent northern dialects (Beijing dialect, Shandong dialect, Hebei dialect, Sichuan dialect, etc. ) is equal to "mandarin". First of all, the pronunciation should be based on Beijing accent; Grammar should be standardized with typical modern vernacular; Words should be stripped of those elements that are too "earthy". Take "the sun" and "the moon" as examples. The sun is called the "old man" in Beijing and Baoding, the "sun" in Shenyang, Xi and Guilin, and the "grandmother" in Taiyuan and Hohhot. The moon is called "old mother" in Baoding, "moon fan" in Taiyuan, "grandma moon" (or "bright moon") in Zhengzhou and "old mother moon" in Luxi. Nevertheless, the sun and the moon are widely used everywhere. There is no doubt that "sun" and "moon" are both words in Mandarin.

After the formation of "national homonyms with different meanings", it strongly influenced various dialects, making the characteristics of each dialect gradually disappear and approach. At the same time, Guoyu Tongyu also draws the most vivid, vivid and vital components from various dialects and constantly enriches itself.