Shandong prehistoric culture with unique history

Prehistoric culture refers to the culture produced by human beings in the period without written records. There are many prehistoric cultures in China, and Shandong is one of them. Shandong is a famous historical city, and there have been many famous people and traditional cultures with a long history in this land of Shandong. So, do you know what prehistoric cultures there are in Shandong? The following Shandong culture brings you more content. Let's have a look.

(A) Dongyi culture with a long history

Dongyi culture is one of the important sources of China culture. As early as the long prehistoric cultural period in Shandong (about 2070 ~ about 1600 years ago, that is, the culture before 2 1 century BC), there were primitive residents living and working in Shandong, a vast land suitable for human reproduction. Because they are located in the east and relatively far away from the ruling center of the Central Plains, many tribes east of the Central Plains are called "Dongyi" by later generations. The so-called "Yi" refers to the appellation of the residents of the Central Plains to the residents of the East with Haidai as the main body in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The Book of Rites is called "Oriental Music and Righteousness", "Nine Righteousness" in the summer, "Righteousness" or "Fang Yi" in the Shang Dynasty, and "Dongyi" in the Zhou Dynasty. The ethnic groups here are called Dongyi ethnic groups, which created prehistoric Shandong.

The "Yiyuan ape-man" fossil unearthed in Yiyuan County, Shandong Province, which is 400,000-500,000 years ago, is the earliest discovered ape-man fossil. According to textual research, Yiyuan ape-man fossils are similar to Beijingers in systematic characteristics, and the mammals related to Yiyuan ape-man fossils are basically the same as those related to Beijingers. They are probably the ancestors of ancient humans here. Archaeological excavations have confirmed that the main birthplace of Shandong prehistoric culture is Yishan District, Lu Tong, Thailand. Up to now, almost all Paleolithic sites of Yiyuan ape-man fossils and their successors are concentrated in the middle of Taiyi Mountain range. Since then, many cultural relics of the early, middle and late Paleolithic period have been found in Shandong, which are distributed in the vast areas from Taiyi Mountain, central Shandong and southern Shandong to Shandong Peninsula.

Since then, in the long evolution process of hundreds of thousands of years, ancient humans in Shandong Province have been multiplying from generation to generation, and gradually moved from mountainous areas with higher terrain to shallow mountains, hills, valleys and plains along the river. Unearthed microlithic sites are distributed in groups in the plains and low mountain valleys on both sides of the Yishu River, extending all the way to northern Jiangsu. In the late Paleolithic period, the rough hammered stone tools became smaller and smaller, the types and characteristics became more and more distinct, and the technology of making and repairing became more and more mature, which showed the progress of Paleolithic culture. After a long Paleolithic period, about 10,000 years ago, Shandong entered the Neolithic period marked by grinding stone tools and pottery, and began a new stage of stable agricultural settlement.

Chengziya Site in Longshan Town, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province was discovered in the late 1920s and was excavated by the field team of the Institute of History and Language of China Academy of Sciences in the early 1930s. It is one of the most significant archaeological discoveries discovered by Chinese archaeologists. A large number of beautifully shaped black pottery unearthed here is amazing, especially the eggshell black pottery and developed round pottery technology, which enjoy the reputation of "black as paint, bright as mirror, thin as paper and hard as porcelain", indicating that the production technology of Shandong ancestors in Longshan culture era has reached a quite high level.

This shows that the prehistoric civilization in Shandong (Haidai Archaeological Cultural Zone) developed along the post-Li Wenhua (about 8,500-7,500 years ago)-North New Culture (about 7,500-6,200 years ago)-Dawenkou Culture (about 6,200-4,600 years ago)-Longshan Culture (about 4,600-4,000 years ago).

1, after Li Wenhua

Post-Li Wenhua is the earliest Neolithic culture discovered in Shandong, and it is named after the site of Post-Liguanzhuang in Qiling Town, Linzi District, Zibo City. From the discovery of a large number of pottery, stone tools and other daily necessities, wide addresses and concentrated cemeteries, it can be seen that post-Li Wenhua has entered the primitive era of farming and settlement, which is a prosperous period of matriarchal clan society.

2. North New Culture

The northern new culture was born in Gutengzhou, which is located in the transitional zone between plain and hill, with flat terrain and fertile land. 1964, the Institute of Archaeology of China Academy of Sciences discovered the ancient clan and tribe settlement site in Beixin Village, Gudao, He Xue, tengxian (now Tengzhou). This is the earliest Neolithic site found in Huanghuai area of China, and it is called "Northern New Culture". It is mainly distributed in the north and south sides of Taiyi Mountain system, including large carved gray pottery blocks of Dawenkou culture in most areas of Shandong Province except Jiaodong Peninsula. Archaeology shows that due to the development of farming life, the social status of men in the northern new culture has gradually improved, and the social form is in the transitional stage from matriarchal society to paternal society.

3. Dawenkou culture

Dawenkou culture originated from the northern new culture and was named after it was first discovered in Dawenkou at the southern foot of Mount Tai (60 miles away from Tai 'an City). It is mainly distributed around Mount Tai in Shandong Province, bordering Bohai Sea in the north, Jiangsu and Anhui in the south and Henan in the west. Dawenkou culture is one of the important remains in the middle and late Neolithic Age, which is characterized by the emergence of distinctive pottery and pottery characters. Dawenkou culture is a period of great development of prehistoric Shandong culture, with obvious social progress, especially in the middle and late period, which completed the transition from matriarchal clan society to paternal clan society and provided sufficient conditions for the great transformation from barbarism to civilization. The original primitive clan public ownership began to disintegrate, and a new class society based on private ownership is about to begin.