Why do Bashu immigrants have a high incidence?

Facing the highly developed civilization around us, using grotesque weapons and hieroglyphics in an environment especially suitable for human survival and life, the whole nation mysteriously disappeared 2000 years ago ... all these cast a mysterious color on the origin of Shu people in Cuba.

Cuban Shu people

The weapons or gold rods cast thousands of years ago are engraved with various mysterious patterns. Take the tiger pattern as an example, or cast the tiger shape as a whole, or show the most vivid tiger head, or abstract it as a pattern ... In addition, there are palm patterns, flower patterns and composite patterns like the symbols of the sun, birds and ships.

Are these mysterious patterns or patterns words? Is it a family emblem? Is this a painting? Or some kind of religious symbol? The mysterious symbol that these archaeologists have not yet found the answer to is one of the "Seven Eternal Mysteries" that Sanxingdui is difficult to decipher-"Bashu Yu Tu". It can be considered that if the great mystery of the late Shu culture "Bashu Yu Tu" is solved, it will be just around the corner to solve the eternal mystery of Sanxingdui.

Mysterious Bashu Yu Tu

One day in early May 2003, Jinhua Village, Puguang Town, Xuanhan County, Sichuan Province. There are few stars on the moon, and the villagers have entered a sweet dream land in the cool breeze. Unexpectedly, two grave robbers visited Luojiaba site again: Tomb No.33, a national key cultural relics protection unit, was secretly opened, and seven exquisite bronzes were subsequently stolen.

However, it was the actions of grave robbers that made a major discovery. "Tomb No.33 of this site is extremely rich in sacrificial objects and has an atmospheric appearance, which is the highest specification among all Ba sites found in China. After preliminary argumentation, archaeologists believe that this is a Pakistani tomb from the end of the Spring and Autumn Period to the early Warring States Period. " Li, deputy director of the Sichuan Institute of Archaeology, told the reporter.

Marotta commented on Tomb No.33: If this tomb about 2400 years ago is further excavated and proved to be the tomb of Bawang, it will be the most important discovery in the archaeological history of Ba people in half a century. This means that the Ba tombs that China archaeologists have been searching for for decades will be rediscovered in a remote place that is ignored.

According to an archaeologist who participated in the rescue excavation at that time, more than 80 cultural relics were found in the tomb, which was initially identified as a national first-class tomb. "There may be other funerary objects in the unearthed lower layer."

In fact, Luojiaba was not excavated for the first time. The recorded discovery of Bashu weapons began in the 1920s of 19. "At that time, in the area of Baima Temple outside the west gate of Chengdu, there were many ancient bronzes with strange shapes, mainly weapons. These bronze weapons are not only strange in shape, but also have some animal and plant patterns and a symbol very similar to the text (called' Bashu Yu Tu' in academic circles. " Li said that the ancient bronzes known at that time were mainly unearthed in the Central Plains, and these seemingly quaint bronze weapons found in Chengdu were mistaken for the cultural relics of the Xia Dynasty, but they did not know that their age was more than ten centuries earlier. It was not until the 1940s that someone recognized this as a cultural relic of Bashu, and accordingly put forward the name of "Bashu Culture".

The most distinctive artifacts of Bashu culture are bronze weapons with distinctive shapes, and the rich and varied decorative patterns (such as animal patterns and plant patterns) cast on the weapons constitute the "Bashu pattern language" that no one can interpret so far.

"The' Bashu Yu Tu' mentioned now mainly appears on two kinds of objects: one is a weapon, such as the ornamentation on the willow sword; The other is the seal, such as the bronze seal unearthed in Fuling, Chongqing. One of the seals is clearly engraved with the word' Wang', surrounded by flames and flowers; On the other side is a winged butterfly, whose wings and body are beautifully depicted. " Tan Jihe, a famous expert on Bashu history and a professor at the Institute of History of Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences, said that the patterns on the weapons and seals are all Bashu, representing an ancient symbol and writing.

Bashu Yu Tu is the predecessor of Taoism.

In the research field of Bashu culture, Bashu Yu Tu is the only original graphic material containing important information of Bashu ancient civilization, and it is the key to understand and explore Bashu ancient civilization. In view of this, on April 2 1, Sichuan Province held the first seminar on Shu studies in Pixian County, attended by more than 30 experts and professors of ancient Shu culture, aiming at cracking the "Bashu Yu Tu".

"Deciphering' Bashu Yu Tu' can find a solution to the unsolved mystery of ancient Shu civilization, and Sanxingdui civilization may also get a breakthrough. However, no one can understand the true meaning of Bashu Yu Tu so far. " Tan Jihe, who has been in contact with Bashu Yu Tu for several years, looks helpless.

"At present, there are roughly three sayings about' Bashu Yu Tu', that is, tools, family emblems, totems or religious symbols used by ancient Bashu people to record languages." Tan Jihe believes that, in connection with the historical process of the evolution of Chinese characters from hieroglyphics in China, Bashu Yu Tu is probably the embryonic form of ancient Bashu characters.

This view has been widely recognized in academic circles. After extensive analysis and research on Bashu culture, Tan Jihe made a further speculation: "The present Taoist symbols probably evolved from Bashu Yu Tu, at least closely related to it."

Tan Jihe has two inferences as evidence: first, Ba Xue was originally the predecessor of Taoism; Secondly, judging from the historical formation, Bashu Yu Tu probably appeared in the Warring States period, which is a single-character symbol similar to Chinese characters.

In Bashu Yu Tu, boat-shaped symbols are also common in many artifacts. Tan speculated that this may be related to the fact that Shu people in Cuba are close to the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River and live by the water. Among the boat-shaped symbols, the bow symbol is bell-shaped, which may be a sacrifice symbol of Ba people and a combination of altar and sacred tree, while the "X" symbol is generally considered as the symbol of the sun. Therefore, "Bashu culture has a deep relationship with the Yangtze River culture."

On an unearthed bronze spear, there is a mighty tiger and a heart-to-heart pattern. Experts believe that this is a typical representative of Bashu Yu Tu language, which is tiger print and palm print respectively. Tiger pattern may be the totem at that time, and palm pattern represents loyalty and strength. "This is only a superficial explanation, and further archaeological proof is needed."

According to archaeological findings, many seals and artifacts of "Bashu Yu Tu" have been unearthed in the Three Gorges area, shifang city, Sichuan and Yingjing County. However, the Ba people who mysteriously disappeared more than 2,000 years ago will not tell us again. These interesting and mysterious pictures have left a group of mysteries for modern people that cannot be solved so far.

"From a realistic point of view, no matter what' Bashu Yu Tu' represents, the Ba culture marked by' Bashu Yu Tu' and a large number of exquisite bronzes and weapons unearthed from Ba ruins will certainly be of great benefit to people's deeper understanding of the pluralistic unity of Chinese civilization and the origin of Chinese civilization." Li of the Institute of Archaeology said.

Various suspense of the Shu people in Cuba

During the Warring States Period, when Bashu Yu Tu appeared, there were already highly developed scripts. Why are there similar original pictures and characters? Does this mean that the Shu people in Cuba are not endogenous but foreign?

Shu people in Cuba are ethnic minorities living in eastern Sichuan and western China in ancient times. They are famous for their bravery. Since Shang and Zhou Dynasties, they have been recorded sporadically in history books, but they disappeared mysteriously more than 2,000 years ago. Due to the lack of convincing evidence, the origin, culture and ethnic composition of Ba people have always been a historical mystery. In view of the mystery and uniqueness of Bashu Yu Tu, some scholars have suggested that the Shu people in Cuba are probably foreign "immigrants".

His point of view is that from the perspective of the development and evolution of characters, they all start with the simplest graphic characters, then gradually transition to hieroglyphics, and finally form characters. "When hieroglyphics appeared (during the Warring States Period), the culture of the Central Plains had developed to the big seal script, and the characters had developed for more than 1000 years, and the degree of civilization was quite high. There are very backward and almost primitive characters in Bashu area, which at least shows that the Shu people in Cuba are different from those in the Central Plains. "

This scholar believes that in the Warring States period, the level of civilization has reached a relatively developed historical stage, but there is still an underdeveloped civilization in a particularly suitable area, so there is only one possibility: people living in this area are immigrants, not locals.

His other basis is that archaeological discoveries show that chariots and horses were widely used in the Central Plains during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, but no chariots and horses were found in Bashu area, and there were few weapons such as crossbows necessary for chariots and horses, which proved that Bashu weapons should be infantry equipment (the unearthed weapons are basically swords, halberds, spears and other weapons). It is estimated that even during the Warring States period, when car wars prevailed, it still couldn't keep up with the tactical progress of the Central Plains. "If there are no external factors, how can there be no traces of car wars in Bashu area?"

Tan Jihe disagrees with this view. He told reporters that to the east of Bashu is a traditional big country, Chu, which stood out in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period with its rich economic and cultural heritage, and its military, economic and cultural aspects are unmatched by Bashu. According to records, during the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a wartime peace between Pakistan and Chu, and Pakistan gained the upper hand, but it still could not stop Chu people from advancing westward. Before Pakistan was destroyed by Qin, Chu had conquered the capital branch of Pakistan (now Fuling).

Around 337 BC, Qin completed the road between Qin and Shu in the name of giving gifts to the King of Shu, which was called "Shi Niu Road" in history, and actually laid the foundation for the army to March into and occupy Bashu in the future. In 3 16 BC, Pakistan turned to Qin for help. Qin Jun defeated the Shu army at Jiange and wiped out Shu. At the same time, Zhang Yi, our leader, destroyed Ba, who was rushed back by the Chu people, by the way, because he was "greedy for the money of Ba" and "king of Ba".

"As an ancient clan, the Shu people in Cuba once had a glorious past. But unfortunately, they did not form their own writing symbols to record and convey the language, only some simple hieroglyphics similar to the embryonic form of the text, and the records of their political, economic and cultural conditions in the history books are also vague. Because of the lack of proof of relevant archaeological objects, Pakistan has been covered with various myths. " However, Tan Jihe said that this does not prove that Shu people in Cuba are immigrants.

"During the Western Han Dynasty, the Shu people in Cuba completely disappeared from history. But were they destroyed by people? Still fully integrated into Korea? " Tan said that in the archaeological field, it is basically agreed that the Shu people in Cuba have completely integrated into the Central Plains since the Western Han Dynasty, and entered the Western Han Dynasty from a relatively primitive independent tribe with a highly developed civilization. "The original Bashu Yu Tu language did not undergo pictographic evolution of characters, but directly entered the developed Central Plains culture. It is not difficult to understand the interruption of Bashu Yu Tu language and the reasons that are difficult to solve today. On the other hand, Bashu culture was also an independent Central Plains culture 4,500 years ago. It was not until the Han Dynasty that it completely entered the Central Plains culture and formed today's profound Chinese civilization. "