Zhang Jian's story

Zhang Jian (65438+May 25th 0853-65438+July17,0926) was born in Changle Town, Zhili Club, Haimen, Jiangsu. He was a famous industrialist and educator in China in modern times, and advocated "saving the country through industry". When talking about China's national industry, Comrade Mao Zedong said, "We can't forget Zhang Jian in light industry". Establish [Sheng Da Cotton Mill] and develop national industries.

There are five Zhang Jian brothers, and he ranks fourth, so Haimen folks call him "Mr. Four". The Zhang family has been farming for generations. By the time Zhang Jian's father arrived, he had planted more than 20 acres of land and operated a sugar factory. In the sixth year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1856), when Zhang Jian was 4 years old, his father began to teach thousands of words. When I was five years old, my father ordered my uncle, uncle and uncle to go to the neighboring school and learn from Mr. Qiu in Haimen because I had memorized thousands of words correctly. /kloc-When he was 0/2 years old, his father set up his own school and invited Mr. Song from Xiting to teach his third son. /kloc-at the age of 0/4, due to the death of Mr. Xiaoqi, his father ordered him to go to Xiting to study and stay with Mr. Lin Song, the son of Mr. Xiaoqi. Since the age of 15, I have also applied for jobs from Xiaoqizi and Mr. Song Chen, the examiner of Jiangnan Township. Tongzhi for seven years (1868), 16 years old, because his ancestors were three generations of poor students with no fame, in order to embark on the right path of the imperial examination, Song Chen arranged for him to enroll in Rugao County under the name of Zhang Yucai, the son of Zhang Quan, a native of Rugao County, and won the three tests in the county, state and academy. Tongzhi eight years (1869), Zhang Jianzhong was a scholar. Later, Rugao Zhang's greed was insatiable. Later, he sued the Rugao government with the intention of extorting money from officials, thus creating a "fraud case." Since then, years of lawsuits have plagued Zhang Jian, making his family difficult. Fortunately, Sun Yunjin, Tongzhou well-known, Jiangsu Zheng Xue Peng Jiuyu and other poor scholars spared no effort to help each other to settle the Rugao case.

In the 13th year of Tongzhi (1874), Zhang Jian went to Nanjing to defect to Sun Yunjin, the former Tongzhou magistrate. In the summer of the second year of Guangxu (1876), at the invitation of Wu Changqing, commander of "Qing Zi Camp" of Huai Army, he went to Pukou to serve as a document for celebrating the army. Later, Yuan Shikai also defected. These two men formed Wu Changqing's civil and military staff, and participated in military affairs, important decisions and military actions. In the spring of the sixth year of Guangxu (1880), Wu Changqing was promoted to the position of Zhejiang magistrate and was ordered to visit Beijing, accompanied by Zhang Jian. In the winter of the same year, Wu Changqing was ordered to help Lu defend, and Zhang Jian went to Huangxian County in Dengzhou with Jun Qing.

In the eighth year of Guangxu (1882), there was a "mutiny at noon" in North Korea. Japan took the opportunity to send warships to Incheon, and Wu Changqing was ordered to supervise the division to support North Korea in quelling the rebellion, so as to prevent Japan from launching a war of aggression. Zhang Jian went to Seoul with the Qing army from the sea, drafted a brief account of Korean affairs for Wu Changqing, wrote political articles such as Renwu Lulve and Six Strategies for Dealing with the Aftermath, and advocated resisting aggression and adopting a tough foreign policy, which was appreciated by Pan Zuyin and Weng Tonghe, leaders of the southern "clean stream". In the 10th year of Guangxu (1884), Wu Changqing was transferred back to China and stationed in Jinzhou, while Yuan Shikai stayed in North Korea and took over the "Qing Zi Camp". Shortly after Wu Changqing's death, Zhang Jian left Jun Qing and returned to his hometown to continue preparing for the exam.

Since Zhang Jian enrolled students at the age of 16, he has gone to jiangning house to take part in the rural examinations to meet Jiangnan (commonly known as Nan Yong) five times around the age of 18, 2 1 23, 24 and 27. Until the 11th year of Guangxu (1885), 33-year-old Sun Yunjin became the magistrate of Jiangning, and his children avoided it as usual, and went to Shuntianfu after having obtained the provincial examination (commonly known as Wei Bei), so he won the second place in the top prize, commonly known as "Nanyuan" (the first person in the list of south people and north people), and his reputation gradually became the focus of "Liu Qing".

From 1885, Weng Tonghe, Pan Zuyin, etc. With the intention of supporting Zhang Jian, especially "expecting me" and "recommending not to win" Mistaking other people's papers for Zhang Jian several times and getting into Hui Yuan showed the urgency of support, which led to Weng Tonghe's ambition in the Sino-Japanese science examination. (Zhang Jian, 34 years old, should not be admitted; At the age of 37, I went to a meeting, and the test paper was taken by Shu Sun of Wuxi. At the age of 38, I took the exam, but in the field, I mistakenly took Tao Shi Feng as Zhang Jian's volume. Zhong Tao was "Huiyuan" and Zhang Luodi; At the age of 40, I went to take part in the exam, but the test paper was taken away by Liu of Wujin, and Yuan and Zhang came last. )

In the 13th year of Guangxu reign (1887), Zhang Jian went to Kaifeng with Sun Yunjin to assist in river regulation and disaster relief, and drew up an outline for traffic relief. After the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), he was hired to preside over Ganyu Xuanqing Academy, Chongming Yingzhou Academy, Jiangning Zheng Wen Academy and Anqing Jinggu Academy.

In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), on the 60th birthday of Empress Dowager Cixi, Zhang Jian once again went to Beijing to take the Cohen test of does. In February, don't try, take the sixtieth palace stone; In March, the department of rites won the first-class tenth place, "the eleventh day, Changshu Division changed to the tenth place"; On April 24, when he entered the palace for the exam, Weng Tonghe ordered Zhang Jian, an examination paper officer, to hand in the papers and then sent them directly to himself. After reviewing in a hurry, he tried his best to popularize it. Weng Tonghe not only did the work of other marking ministers, but also made Zhang Jian's paper the first. When Emperor Guangxu introduced him, he specially introduced: "Zhang Jian is a famous man in the south of the Yangtze River, a dutiful son." Zhang Jian was awarded the title of No.1 Middle School Champion and he was awarded the title of Six Gentlemen College.

Soon, the Sino-Japanese War broke out, and the national crisis intensified the contradiction between the two parties after the emperor. The "clean stream" headed by Weng Tonghe supported Emperor Guangxu, and there were many discussions about the main battle. Its main target is Li Hongzhang, who fears the sun like a tiger. In fact, it is to attack the post-party of the Lord and try to win some real power for the emperor who has the name of "pro-government". Zhang Jian, the top scholar of the new discipline who was famous for a while, quickly became the leader of "Qingliu" and the decision-making figure among the disciples of "Wengmen" because of his similar historical origins and political opinions. However, in the main battle, when the Lord and the two factions fought fiercely, Zhang Jian returned to the system because of his father's funeral.

At the beginning of the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), Zhang Zhidong, acting governor of Liangjiang, sent Zhang Jian to organize an ocean-going group training to prevent the Japanese navy from invading the lower reaches of the Yangtze River at any time. Because the Qing government was defeated in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the treaty of shimonoseki was signed, and the sailing yong ying fell by the wayside. At the end of the same year, he joined the Shanghai Strong Society organized by Kang Youwei.

At the beginning of the 22nd year of Guangxu (1896), Zhang Zhidong sent Zhang Jian, Ding to set up commercial bureaus in Tongzhou, Suzhou and Zhenjiang respectively, and Zhang Jian set up cotton mills in Nantong and Suzhou respectively.

Sheng Da cotton mill was originally identified as a commercial office. Zhang Jian tried to raise funds through official investment promotion office and joint venture between government and business, but the results were very small and the funds raised were very limited. Zhang Jian had no choice but to ask the government for help. 1896 1 1 In June, Zhang Jian shelved Zhang Zhidong's "Westernization" in the 19th year of Guangxu (1893) in Shanghai through Liu Kunyi, the former governor of Liangjiang and Minister of Commerce of Nanyang. Sheng Xuanhuai, who monopolized Westernization enterprises in the form of official supervision and commercial office and joint venture between official and commercial enterprises, was also buying machines, so he divided these machines with Zhang Jian, each with 20,400 ingots, at a price of 252,000 official shares and 252,000 commercial shares. Official shares do not count profits and losses, but only take official profits by year, which has become a "gentry-led business" nature.

In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), Sheng Da Cotton Mill officially broke ground at Taozhuba, Tangjiazha, west of Tongzhou, and was completed and put into operation the following year. After several years of dismal operation, Sheng Da Cotton Mill has gradually grown. By the 30th year of Guangxu (1904), the factory had increased its capital by 632,000, with more than 20,000 spindles. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), Sheng Da No.2 Factory was established in Chongming jiulong town (now Qidong County), with a capital of1000,000 yuan and 26,000 spindles. By the third year of Xuantong (19 1 1), the net profit of Sheng Da No.1 Factory and No.2 Factory was about 3.7 million yuan. Starting from 190 1, with the support of Liu Kunyi, governor of the two rivers, coastal wasteland was reclaimed at the junction of Lvsi and Haimen, and a cotton mill with 65,438+10,000 mu of cultivated land-the raw cotton base of Tonghai Reclamation Animal Husbandry Company was built. With the continuous accumulation of capital, Zhang Jian founded Guangsheng Oil Factory, Fuxing Flour Factory and Zisheng Metallurgical Factory in Tangzha, and gradually formed Tangzha Town Industrial Zone. At the same time, in order to facilitate the transportation of equipment, machinery and goods, he built a port along the river west of Tangzha-Tiansheng Port. Later, a power plant was built in Tiansheng Port, and a road was opened between towns, making Tiansheng Port gradually become Nantong at that time. The appearance of modern warp spinning industry at the end of 19 changed Nantong's urban function from exchange type to production type, and Nantong became one of the early national capitalist industrial bases in China.

The development of national industry needs science and technology, which prompted Zhang Jian to set up a school and first devoted himself to normal education. In February of the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Zhang Jian was invited by Liu Kunyi, the governor of the two rivers, to discuss the promotion of learning in Jiangning. Liu Kunyi agreed, but was stopped by San Francisco Wu, Xun Daoxu and Yan Daohu. Zhang Jian sighed, but he planned to set up an autotrophic normal school in Tongzhou with Luo Shuyun, Tang Shouqian and other colleagues. The plan is that Zhang Jian has earned 20 thousand yuan at public expense with interest since he took office in Tongzhou Cotton Mill for five years, encouraging him to set up subsidies. On July 9, the same year, Tongzhou Normal School chose the Qianfo Temple in the southeast of Nantong as the school site to start construction, and the school officially opened the following year. This is the first normal school in China, and its construction marks the beginning of the specialized organ of normal education in China.

1905, Zhang Jian and Ma founded Fudan University in Wusong, the predecessor of Fudan University. 1907 founded agricultural schools and girls' normal schools, 1909 advocated Tonghai five-genus public middle schools (now Nantong middle schools). 19 12 years, medical school, textile school and hohai engineering school (the predecessor of hohai university) were established one after another, and a number of primary schools and middle schools were established one after another. 1909, Zhang Jian founded the shipping department of Shanghai Higher Technical School of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, which was once called "Wusong Merchant Shipping College" because it was located in Wusong. After liberation, the school was reorganized into Shanghai Navigation College. From 65438 to 0953, Shanghai Maritime College, Northeast Maritime College and Fujian Maritime College merged to form Dalian Maritime College, which is today's Dalian Maritime University. 19 12 years, Zhang Jian founded Jiangsu Fisheries School in Laoximen. 19 13 years, the whole school moved to Wusong, so it was called Wusong Fisheries College, the predecessor of Shanghai Ocean University today. 19 17 With the support of Zhang Jian, Tongji Medical Engineering School (the predecessor of Tongji University) reopened in Wusong. 192 1, Shanghai Business School was established in Shanghai. Shanghai Business School was formerly Nanjing Normal University, and later Nanjing Normal University was expanded to National Southeast University. Zhang Jian is one of the main founders of National Southeast University. In order to provide technical strength for various enterprises, Zhang Jian attached great importance to vocational education. Surveying and mapping, sericulture and other subjects in normal schools have developed to more than a dozen vocational schools, among which textile, agriculture and medicine have made remarkable achievements. Later, it was expanded into a college, and 1924 was merged into Nantong University.

In the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), Nantong Museum, the first museum in China, was established in Tongzhou. Junshan Meteorological Observatory was established in 19 15. In addition, libraries and schools for the blind and deaf have been established.

19 1 1 served as the president of central education, the interim speaker of Jiangsu provincial parliament and the premier of Jiangsu province. Nanjing government was established in 19 12 as the chief industrial officer. 19 12 served as the chief agricultural officer of Beiyang government and the chief water conservancy officer of the country. After witnessing the invasion of foreign powers, he resolutely gave up his official position and devoted himself to the road of saving the country through industry.

19181kloc-0/On October 23rd, Xiong Xiling, Cai Yuanpei and others initiated and organized a peace meeting.

Born in Hakka, Zhang Jian is the top scholar. His calligraphy has its own foundation. Scripts, scripts, lines and grass are all his specialties. He is calm and beautiful. Many of his plays have been handed down from generation to generation, and the plays are rare. However, this pair is a script and a long speech. His brushwork is thin and hard, flying vertically and horizontally, and the beauty lies in the essence of ritual monument and Shimen ode.

Couplet with Mr. Zhang Jian-Nantong Ren Bensheng.

In the summer of 1922, I entered Nantong Normal University from the senior high school entrance examination in Qi 'an Town. The school does not charge tuition and fees, but provides free accommodation, which attracts poor students from all directions. During my study, I often listen to Mr. Zhang Jian's lectures and study for life.

One Saturday afternoon, some of our classmates installed a crystal receiving antenna in a tree outside the back wall of the organ room. Suddenly, a classmate saw Mr. Zhang Si walking slowly up the wooden bridge and coming to school, and immediately told us excitedly. Mr. Zhang Si lives in Haonan, with a side door connected to the museum and facing the school across the river. There is a wooden bridge on the belly of the dam on both sides of the river, and there are four big characters on the bridge fence: "The road does not pick up"; There are crab sticks in the river; In his spare time, Mr. Wang often walks across the bridge from Hexi Head alone.

We didn't care about installing the antenna, so we immediately ran back to school and told each other all the way, jumping for joy; The teacher's host hurriedly led everyone, opened the back door of the school that was locked all the year round, and came out to welcome Mr. Si into the school and welcome him to Shousongtang.

Wang encouraged the students present to study hard, strive to be pillars of talent and serve the country, the people and the party in the future.

Then, we left Shousongtang with our husband and came to the campus. Next to an ancient ginkgo tree, there is a Lingxiao, which is attached to the tree and climbs straight up the tree. Mr. Wang is in a good mood and stops to watch. Later, everyone followed the scenery, talked while walking, and strolled to the lotus pond. Everyone was full of interest. On a whim, Mr. Wang stopped to write couplets with us. Everyone was very enthusiastic and gathered around. Mr. Wang said the first couplet: "day lily, cauliflower yellow, one flower and one trick"; "cauliflower yellow"-the name of the wine. Only a few students have to be the bottom line; I still remember that my bottom line is "cockscomb, corolla chicken, peck at the same time". Mr. Wang smiled and wrote another top line: "Mei Lanfang plays Mulan in the army. In the play, women dress up as men, but in fact they really dress up as women." Nobody can tell us. Teacher Wang encourages us to be knowledgeable, thoughtful, discuss with each other and know ourselves.

Teacher Wang taught me to remember my heart. Later, I read Cai Dongfan's Romance of the Ming Dynasty and felt something. I tried to make a bottom line and a top line for Mr. Si:

Mei Lanfang plays Mulan in the army. The play is that women dress as men and men dress as women.

Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed Dayuan Jianming, and his ancestors became monks, and Sun Congdi became monks.

I want to use this link to commemorate my teacher!

Author: Ren Bensheng, a native of Nantong, Jiangsu.

Written record: Ren Xia's home, Gumei Mountain Villa, Yuxi Town, Tongzhou.