Comments on Water Margin ~ Please contact Life (* _ _ *)

Outside the gate of Suzhou, there is a family named Shi in Shijiaxiang, North of Huaixu Bridge, which is a descendant of Shi Zhichang, one of the seventy-two disciples of Confucius.

The father who spread this branch to Shi Naian was the14th generation. In the second year of Yuan Chengzong Yuan Zhen (AD 1296), another man was added to the family. one

An old scholar named the baby Yan Duan, which means that the child must be a clever wit when he grows up. This baby.

Yan Duan in the novel is Shi Naian, who later wrote the immortal masterpiece Water Margin. When Shi Naian was seven years old, his family was poor and he couldn't go to school.

But he is smart and eager to learn, often borrows books, asks his neighbors to teach him, and sometimes goes to the university to audit. In this way, he finished reading "University" and "On".

Language, poetry, ceremony and many other books. /kloc-at the age of 0/3, he can answer questions in public and write beautifully. Once,

When the old neighbor dies, please write a eulogy for Ji Xiucai, who teaches private school in Xushuguan. JiXiuCai failed to arrive in time, and others suggested that he be allowed to.

Just try it. Nai 'an, in high spirits, wanted to show his talents and didn't give in. He came over and waved. Later, Ji Xiucai read this article, which was both naive and naive.

Qi gave a wonderful eulogy and greatly appreciated it. Offered to take Shi Naian to Hushuguan for free study. Later, I also put myself

His daughter was betrothed to Shi Naian.

Shi Naian studies hard at the Hushu Pavilion. He is not only familiar with the contention of a hundred schools of thought, but also browses various books. Published at that time

The Legacy of Xuanhe in the Great Song Dynasty tells stories such as "Classical outwit the birth outline", "Song Jiang killed Yan Poxi" and "Yang Zhi sold knives", which resonated with Shi Naian.

He often reads books after school. I also dance knives and sticks with friends and practice martial arts. At that time, Suzhou City often said

Sing some songs, such as Shi Sunli, Blue Beast, Flower Monk, Warrior, Yan Qingbo Shadow Fish in Tongleyuan and Li Kui jy Negative.

Scenery "and other scripts and zaju, sometimes go for recreation, showing admiration for these" heroes "and" lofty heroes ".

Respondent: Gu Yu Qingshui-Assistant Level 2 5-7 02: 18

Who is the author of Water Margin? From the Ming Dynasty to the present, there are three opinions: the first one thinks that it was written by Luo Guanzhong, that is, the author of Water Margin is Luo Guanzhong; The second view is that the Water Margin is a collaboration between Shi Naian and Luo Guanzhong. There are many views, which are also the views of the Ming Dynasty. The third statement was written by Shi Naian alone. This was first seen in the Ming Dynasty, but later. That's especially Jin Shengtan's book. After it became popular, there was a false preface by Shi Naian, which was a forgery written by Jin Shengtan himself.

When and where did Shi Naian come? What about his life story? I'm terribly sorry. I know nothing about Shi Naian's life now. All we can confirm is that he is from Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and was called Qiantang at that time. Why do we conclude that he was from the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty? That's because his collaborator can be sure that his collaborator is Luo Guanzhong. Luo Guanzhong was from the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, so the collaborator was from the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and Shi Naian was of course from the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. This author and era are so firm. However, I only know his surname is Shi, not Naian. Naian is either a word or a number. Then according to this clue, we can put forward a point of view for your reference. It cannot be said that he has 100% evidence, which is for your reference only. In other words, Shi Naian may give. Shi Hui was a playwright at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. He created Southern Opera. As far as we know, Wu Mei, a master of Qu Xue, put forward this view. Wu Mei said in the book "Helping to Talk about Old Fun" that Shi Naian was the author of "Moon Pavilion", a southern song.

Shi Naian (about 1296 ~ 1370)

China was a writer in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. The child's name is an ear. Xinghua (now Xinghua County, Jiangsu Province) was born in Suzhou. According to legend, Shi Naian is the author of Water Margin. In the 19th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1540), Gao Ru's "Hundred Rivers Records" contained: "Loyalty and Righteousness have Water Margin 100 Volume. Qiantangben Edited by Luo Guanzhong. " In the 45th year of Jiajing, Lang Ying called this book "The Book of Qiantang Shi Naian" in Seven Manuscripts. During the Wanli period, Hu Yinglin pointed out in "Shao's Mountain House Pen Collection": "The Water Margin compiled by Zhongshi in Wulin is particularly popular." Today, people agree that Shi Naian is the author of Water Margin.

There are few materials about Shi Naian's life story, and some records collected are quite contradictory. Since the 1920s, some related materials have been found in Xinghua, Jiangsu Province, including Shi's Genealogy, Shi's Genealogy and the Continuation of Xinghua County Records. The thirteenth appendix contains 65,438+0 biographies of Shi Naian, and the fourteenth appendix contains 65,438+0 epitaphs of Shi Naian written by Wang Daosheng in the early Ming Dynasty. According to the analysis of these materials, Shi was a scholar in Shunshun two years (133 1) and served as an official in Qiantang for two years. Because of disagreement with the authorities, he abandoned his post and went back to Suzhou to write about the Water Margin, tracing back the old news and writing behind closed doors, but failed to fulfill his ambition. It is also said that he had contacts with Zhang Shicheng, the general of peasant uprising in the late Yuan Dynasty.

Interviewee: edwina _ zw- Magician Level 4 5-7 02:2 1

Brief Introduction of the Author of Water Margin

In ancient times, the original author of Water Margin is said to be Shi Naian, written by Luo Guanzhong and co-written by Shi Naian and Luo Guanzhong. ?

In fact, the story of the water margin hero originated from the folklore of the Song Dynasty. The notes of the Song Dynasty recorded the folk praise for the thirty-six heroes of Song Jiang. There are many works about the theme of Water Margin in Yuan Zaju scripts, and there are still 19 scripts (more than 30). Modern people generally believe that this complete and touching classical novel was re-created by Shi Naian on the basis of folklore. Luo Guanzhong also participated in the editing and revision. ?

Shi Naian was born in Xinghua, Jiangsu in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. He was born into a boatman family. I went to Suzhou with my father when I was a child. 13 years old attended the Hushu Museum. 29-year-old Zhong Juren, former educational director of Yuncheng County, Shandong Province. At the age of 35, he was a Jinshi and served as Yin in Qiantang County. Resigned and returned to Suzhou because of disagreement with dignitaries. He is possessed of the most brilliant talents It is said that he was the assistant of Wu Dong Zhang Shicheng, an anti-yuan armed force at the end of Yuan Dynasty. These experiences should have played a positive role in his compilation of Water Margin, one of China's four classical novels. The creation of Water Margin took him most of his life. ?

Luo Guanzhong, whose real name is Taiyuan, Shanxi. Let's start with Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang), a novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, and the author of Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

Luo Guanzhong (about 1330—— about 1400) was a novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. Ming Ben is from Taiyuan, Shanxi, and Dongping, Shandong. Some people think it's from Hangzhou or Ji 'an. He is the author of novels such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Biography of Three Sui Demons, Historical Romance of Tang and Five Dynasties, and other zaju such as Fengyunhui. Some people think that Luo Guanzhong is one of the authors of Water Margin.

Wu Cheng'en (about1504-1582), whose real name is Ruzhong, was an outstanding novelist in the Ming Dynasty. He is good at painting, calligraphy, lyrics and music, and he is also proficient in Go. He made a lot of comedies and miscellaneous stories. Life is different and upright. Besides The Journey to the West, he also wrote many elegant poems, which were included in Sheyang Survival Draft.

Introduction to the Background of Water Margin

In order to avoid the war and fulfill his long-cherished dream of writing a book, Shi Naian thought of Gu Ti, who was a friend of Songjiang Tongzhi and Jiaxing Tongzhi successively. At this point, Gu Ti has resigned and returned to Xinghua's home. Xinghua is a remote place, surrounded by water and inconvenient transportation. There has always been a saying that "Zhaoyang (another name for Xinghua) has been good at avoiding soldiers since ancient times". So Shi Naian wrote a letter to Gu Ti, with a poem attached to it: "Looking for a good family in Yangshan in a barren year; I hope to cut grass and plant all kinds of trees, and don't let plums bear fruit like melons. "

After receiving a letter from Shi Naian, Gu Ti quickly wrote back to Shi Naian with a poem: "You came from Jiangnan to pay attention, we met and smiled at our old colleagues. This is not a paradise, where can Taoyuan avoid Qin! "

After receiving the letter, Shi Naian took his wife Shen Shi, his second brother Chae Yeon and the student Luo Guanzhong, rode in a civilian boat, braved the beacon smoke, quietly crossed the river and headed for Xinghua.

Fulian watch machine

Shi Naian felt that he was over 70 years old and had to finish the book quickly, so he turned to Gu Ti for help. He bought a house and land in Baijuchang, east of Xinghua, near the Yellow Sea, and moved to Baiju Town to settle down. He also wrote a couplet on the door: "Wu Xing Mian Shi Ze, Chu Shui Yan", indicating that he moved here from Suzhou to live in seclusion and work in writing books.

In September of the 27th year of Yuan Dynasty (AD 1367), Chang Yuchun attacked Pingjiang. Zhu Yuanzhang once again sent someone to look for Shi Naian. He was very happy to learn that he had taken refuge in the White Pony Farm in Xinghua, and asked Liu Bowen to pay a special visit with the imperial edict. On this day, when Liu Bowen came to Shi Naian's study, he suddenly heard a fierce tearing and shouting. He pushed the door and went in, only to find Shi Naian full of energy, struggling with a lifelike paper tiger on the table. He couldn't help laughing. Shi Naian hurried forward to bow, and Liu Bowen replied with a smile: "This is the second time I have been ordered to visit my brother."

Knowing Liu Bowen's purpose, Shi Naian ordered his family to hold a banquet, and diligently advised Liu Bowen to eat wine. He drank a lot, drank several cups in a row, and then pretended to be drunk and fell asleep at his desk. Liu Bowen looked near and saw the manuscript of "Killing Tigers in Wusong, Jingyanggang" lying on the table. Knowing that Shi Naian didn't want to be an official, he stopped persuading him and wrote back.

Shi Naian was afraid that Zhu Yuanzhang would call again, so he went to his farm in the west of Bai Juyi 18, built a house and moved here according to the pattern of Nagato's former residence in Suzhou. And use the place name of the former residence, which is called Qiao Feng in the east, Qiao Liu in the west and Banqiao in the north, collectively known as Sujiaqiao, also known as Shijiacun. At that time, there was a reed in the west of the village, covering an area of more than ten acres. Lush reeds and many waterfowl. Every autumn and winter, wild ducks fly around in droves. Dangkou goes straight to the river, and the ditch and river cross. There is a mound in the swing, which is high above the water. Shi Naian took this as a water margin, and often boarded the boat with Luo Guanzhong, just like a painter sketching, and devoted himself to creation.

A book becomes a prison in heaven.

Shi Naian lived in Shijiaqiao for more than a year, and most of his time and energy were spent on writing and revising The Biography of Jianghu Vendors. Seeing that the book is almost finished, he thinks the title is not implicit enough and wants to change it. Luo Guanzhong saw the teacher's mind and suggested to him: "Teacher, the topic is Water Margin!" Shi Naian thinks this idea is very good. He said: "Water Margin is the edge of water, which means' in the wild', and there are allusions. In The Book of Songs, there is a saying that "an old husband leads a horse in the morning, leading a westward journey to the water margin, but as for ambiguity", which is a tribute to the birth history of the Zhou Dynasty. This book is about the heroes of the uprising. It is appropriate to call it' Water Margin'! "

After the Water Margin was written, it was quickly borrowed and copied by the society. In the winter of the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368), the codex reached Zhu Yuanzhang's palace. Zhu Yuanzhang was very angry when he read this book, because he sent someone to invite Shi Naian to be an official several times. He immediately gave instructions: "This book is also a book that promotes chaos. There must be a conspiracy in people's hearts, and there will be no trouble. " So secretly sent someone to catch Shi Naian and put him in the prison of punishments.

Soon, Liu Bowen knew about it, so he went to visit Shi Naian in prison as a colleague. Shi Naian asked Liu Bowen to find a way to get him out. Liu Bowen pondered, smiled cunningly and said, "How did you get in or how did you get out?" Say that finish and left.

Shi Naian pondered Liu Bowen's two sentences and thought: "I am going to jail for writing a book, or I have to write a book to get out!" Thinking about it, he gradually understood a truth: why did Zhu Yuanzhang arrest me? The main reason is that "Water Margin" wrote that Song Jiang and a group of people rebelled under the banner of Water Margin and sang praises to the heroes who became an outlaw, which violated his taboo. If Song Jiang and others were written as Zhang Shicheng, wouldn't it be enough to accept the courtship of the Yuan Dynasty? With the permission of the punishments, he continued the Water Margin in the dungeon with Zhang Shicheng's falling Yuan as the background.

Respondent: sherry 925 1- probation period level 1 5-7 02:22.

Nai'an Shi

( 1296~ 137 1)

Zi Ming 'an (Ming 'er), also known as Zhao Rui, is called Yan Duan and Naian.

Native place: Originally from Suzhou, I lived in Waishijiaxiang, Nagato, and then moved to Baijuchang, Hailing County (now Baiju Town, Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).

Identity: China, a famous ancient writer, was born at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and the author of the novel Water Margin.

Life:

There are few materials about Shi Naian's life story, and some records collected are quite contradictory. Since the 1920s, some related materials have been found in Xinghua, Dafeng and other places in Jiangsu Province, such as Shi's genealogy and Shi's genealogy. In addition, supplement 13 of Xinghua County Records contains 65,438+0 biographies of Shi Naian, and supplement 14 contains 65,440 epitaphs of Shi Naian written by Wang Daosheng in the early Ming Dynasty.

According to the analysis of these materials:

Shi Naian is a descendant of Shi Zhi, one of the seventy-two sons of Confucius. The descendants of Shi Zhi in the late Tang Dynasty took Suzhou as their home. His father's name is Yuan De and his mother is Bian Shi (Bian Shi's descendants also moved to Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).

Shi Naian is smart, studious, talented, filial and brave.

19 years old is a scholar, 28 years old is a juren, and 36 years old is a scholar with Liu Bowen.

He served as an official in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) for three years. Because he was dissatisfied with the darkness of officialdom, he didn't want to meet dignitaries, gave up his official position and returned to his hometown. Shi took part in Zhang Shicheng's military activities when he rose up against Yuan Dynasty. After Zhang occupied the Soviet Union, Shi participated in the planning under his protection and had a close relationship with his Ministry Bian. Later, because Zhang was greedy for pleasure and didn't listen to advice, Shi was disappointed with Lu Yuan, Liu Liang and Chen Ji, and left one after another. When seeing Lu and Liu Xiang off, he composed a divertimento "New Water Makes Qiu Jiang Farewell" to express his generous grief. Soon, Zhang Shicheng died and the country was ruined. Stone travels all over the world, roaming in Shandong and Henan. He befriended her, was taught by Yuncheng County, and then lived with her teacher in the early days of the Xu family in Jiangyin. Later, he returned to his old white pony, unable to live in seclusion, and felt that the situation was going downhill. He wrote The Water Margin as his sustenance, and together with his disciple Luo Guanzhong, he wrote The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Biography of Sansui Pingyao. He is also good at poetry, but it is rarely circulated. Besides the divertimento Qiu Jiang Farewell, there are other poems handed down, such as Gu Ti's poems and Liu Liang's poems. Shi Naian hid in Huai 'an to avoid the Ming Dynasty conscription, died of illness and was buried on the spot at the age of 75. Decades after Nai 'an's death, Sun Wenyu's family business flourished, and his ancestor Nai 'an's remains were buried in Xiluo Lake (now Shijiaqiao Village, Xinduo Town, Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province), and Wang Daosheng was asked to write "Shi Naian's Epitaph".

In the 19th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1540), Gao Ru's "Hundred Rivers Record" contained: "Loyalty and Righteousness Water Margin 100 Volume. Qiantangben Edited by Luo Guanzhong. " In the forty-five years of Jiajing, Lang Ying said in the Seven Drafts: "This book is Shi Naian Qiantang Book. During the Wanli period, Hu Yinglin pointed out in "Shao's Mountain House Pen Collection": "The Water Margin compiled by Zhongshi in Wulin is particularly popular. "Today, people agree that Shi Naian is the author of Water Margin.

Respondent: donkey 980 10- Scholar Level 2 5-7 02:26

There are few materials about Shi Naian's life story, and some records collected are quite contradictory. Since the 1920s, some related materials have been found in Xinghua, Dafeng and other places in Jiangsu Province, such as Shi's genealogy and Shi's genealogy. In addition, supplement 13 of Xinghua County Records contains 65,438+0 biographies of Shi Naian, and supplement 14 contains 65,440 epitaphs of Shi Naian written by Wang Daosheng in the early Ming Dynasty.

According to the analysis of these materials:

Shi Naian is a descendant of Shi Zhi, one of the seventy-two sons of Confucius. The descendants of Shi Zhi in the late Tang Dynasty took Suzhou as their home. His father's name is Yuan De and his mother is Bian Shi (Bian Shi's descendants also moved to Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).

Shi Naian is smart, studious, talented, filial and brave.

19 years old is a scholar, 28 years old is a juren, and 36 years old is a scholar with Liu Bowen.

He served as an official in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) for three years. Because he was dissatisfied with the darkness of officialdom, he didn't want to meet dignitaries, gave up his official position and returned to his hometown. Shi took part in Zhang Shicheng's military activities when he rose up against Yuan Dynasty. After Zhang occupied the Soviet Union, Shi participated in the planning under his protection and had a close relationship with his Ministry Bian. Later, because Zhang was greedy for pleasure and didn't listen to advice, Shi was disappointed with Lu Yuan, Liu Liang and Chen Ji, and left one after another. When seeing Lu and Liu Xiang off, he composed a divertimento "New Water Makes Qiu Jiang Farewell" to express his generous grief. Soon, Zhang Shicheng died and the country was ruined. Stone travels all over the world, roaming in Shandong and Henan. He befriended her, was taught by Yuncheng County, and then lived with her teacher in the early days of the Xu family in Jiangyin. Later, he returned to his old white pony, unable to live in seclusion, and felt that the situation was going downhill. He wrote The Water Margin as his sustenance, and together with his disciple Luo Guanzhong, he wrote The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and The Biography of Sansui Pingyao. He is also good at poetry, but it is rarely circulated. Besides the divertimento Qiu Jiang Farewell, there are other poems handed down, such as Gu Ti's poems and Liu Liang's poems. Shi Naian hid in Huai 'an to avoid the Ming Dynasty conscription, died of illness and was buried on the spot at the age of 75. Decades after Nai 'an's death, Sun Wenyu's family business flourished, and his ancestor Nai 'an's remains were buried in Xiluo Lake (now Shijiaqiao Village, Xinduo Town, Xinghua City, Jiangsu Province), and Wang Daosheng was asked to write "Shi Naian's Epitaph".

In the 19th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1540), Gao Ru's "Hundred Rivers Record" contained: "Loyalty and Righteousness Water Margin 100 Volume. Qiantangben Edited by Luo Guanzhong. " In the forty-five years of Jiajing, Lang Ying said in the Seven Drafts: "This book is Shi Naian Qiantang Book. During the Wanli period, Hu Yinglin pointed out in "Shao's Mountain House Pen Collection": "The Water Margin compiled by Zhongshi in Wulin is particularly popular. "Today, people agree that Shi Naian is the author of Water Margin.

Respondent: 382984667- probation period level 1 5-9 19:36.

Who is the author of Water Margin? From the Ming Dynasty to the present, there are three opinions: the first one thinks that it was written by Luo Guanzhong, that is, the author of Water Margin is Luo Guanzhong; The second view is that the Water Margin is a collaboration between Shi Naian and Luo Guanzhong. There are many views, which are also the views of the Ming Dynasty. The third statement was written by Shi Naian alone. This was first seen in the Ming Dynasty, but later. That's especially Jin Shengtan's book. After it became popular, there was a false preface by Shi Naian, which was a forgery written by Jin Shengtan himself.

When and where did Shi Naian come? What about his life story? I'm terribly sorry. I know nothing about Shi Naian's life now. All we can confirm is that he is from Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and was called Qiantang at that time. Why do we conclude that he was from the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty? That's because his collaborator can be sure that his collaborator is Luo Guanzhong. Luo Guanzhong was from the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, so the collaborator was from the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and Shi Naian was of course from the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. This author and era are so firm. However, I only know his surname is Shi, not Naian. Naian is either a word or a number. Then according to this clue, we can put forward a point of view for your reference. It cannot be said that he has 100% evidence, which is for your reference only. In other words, Shi Naian may give. Shi Hui was a playwright at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. He created Southern Opera. As far as we know, Wu Mei, a master of Qu Xue, put forward this view. Wu Mei said in the book "Helping to Talk about Old Fun" that Shi Naian was the author of "Moon Pavilion", a southern song.

Respondent: the weekly probation period is 5-9 19:39.

Who is the author of Water Margin? From the Ming Dynasty to the present, there are three opinions: the first one thinks that it was written by Luo Guanzhong, that is, the author of Water Margin is Luo Guanzhong; The second view is that the Water Margin is a collaboration between Shi Naian and Luo Guanzhong. There are many views, which are also the views of the Ming Dynasty. The third statement was written by Shi Naian alone. This was first seen in the Ming Dynasty, but later. That's especially Jin Shengtan's book. After it became popular, there was a false preface by Shi Naian, which was a forgery written by Jin Shengtan himself.

When and where did Shi Naian come? What about his life story? I'm terribly sorry. I know nothing about Shi Naian's life now. All we can confirm is that he is from Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and was called Qiantang at that time. Why do we conclude that he was from the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty? That's because his collaborator can be sure that his collaborator is Luo Guanzhong. Luo Guanzhong was from the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, so the collaborator was from the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and Shi Naian was of course from the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. This author and era are so firm. However, I only know his surname is Shi, not Naian. Naian is either a word or a number. Then according to this clue, we can put forward a point of view for your reference. It cannot be said that he has 100% evidence, which is for your reference only. In other words, Shi Naian may give. Shi Hui was a playwright at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. He created Southern Opera. As far as we know, Wu Mei, a master of Qu Xue, put forward this view. Wu Mei said in the book "Helping to Talk about Old Fun" that Shi Naian was the author of the Nanqu "Moon Pavilion".

References:

/program/bjjt/2004040 1/ 10 1040 . shtml

Respondents: wuming 830822- Magician Level 4 5-9 19:4 1.

Pu Yusheng

Respondent: Song _ Shu Hua-probationary period level 1 5-9 19:4 1.

From the Ming Dynasty to the present, there are three views: the first view is that it was written by Luo Guanzhong, that is, the author of Water Margin is Luo Guanzhong; The second view is that the Water Margin is a collaboration between Shi Naian and Luo Guanzhong. There are many views, which are also the views of the Ming Dynasty. The third statement was written by Shi Naian alone. This was first seen in the Ming Dynasty, but later. That's especially Jin Shengtan's book. After it became popular, there was a false preface by Shi Naian, which was a forgery written by Jin Shengtan himself.

When and where did Shi Naian come? What about his life story? I'm terribly sorry. I know nothing about Shi Naian's life now. All we can confirm is that he is from Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and was called Qiantang at that time. Why do we conclude that he was from the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty? That's because his collaborator can be sure that his collaborator is Luo Guanzhong. Luo Guanzhong was from the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, so the collaborator was from the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, and Shi Naian was of course from the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. This author and era are so firm. However, I only know his surname is Shi, not Naian. Naian is either a word or a number. Then according to this clue, we can put forward a point of view for your reference. It cannot be said that he has 100% evidence, which is for your reference only. In other words, Shi Naian may give. Shi Hui was a playwright at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. He created Southern Opera. As far as we know, Wu Mei, a master of Qu Xue, put forward this view. Wu Mei said in the book "Helping to Talk about Old Fun" that Shi Naian was the author of the Nanqu "Moon Pavilion".

Respondent: 661 Kun-probation period level 1 5-9 19:42.

Shi Naian (about 1296 ~ 1370)

China was a writer in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. The child's name is an ear. Xinghua (now Xinghua County, Jiangsu Province) was born in Suzhou. According to legend, Shi Naian is the author of Water Margin. In the 19th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1540), Gao Ru's "Hundred Rivers Records" contained: "Loyalty and Righteousness have Water Margin 100 Volume. Qiantangben Edited by Luo Guanzhong. " In the 45th year of Jiajing, Lang Ying called this book "The Book of Qiantang Shi Naian" in Seven Manuscripts. During the Wanli period, Hu Yinglin pointed out in "Shao's Mountain House Pen Collection": "The Water Margin compiled by Zhongshi in Wulin is particularly popular." Today, people agree that Shi Naian is the author of Water Margin.

There are few materials about Shi Naian's life story, and some records collected are quite contradictory. Since the 1920s, some related materials have been found in Xinghua, Jiangsu Province, including Shi's Genealogy, Shi's Genealogy and the Continuation of Xinghua County Records. The thirteenth appendix contains 65,438+0 biographies of Shi Naian, and the fourteenth appendix contains 65,438+0 epitaphs of Shi Naian written by Wang Daosheng in the early Ming Dynasty. According to the analysis of these materials, Shi was a scholar in Shunshun two years (133 1) and served as an official in Qiantang for two years. Because of disagreement with the authorities, he abandoned his post and went back to Suzhou to write about the Water Margin, tracing back the old news and writing behind closed doors, but failed to fulfill his ambition. It is also said that he had contacts with Zhang Shicheng, the general of peasant uprising in the late Yuan Dynasty.

Respondent: 53244867 1- probation period level 1 5-9 19:43.

A brief introduction to the authors of the four classic novels-

Luo Guanzhong

At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, China's novels entered a new period, especially Zhang Hui's novels entered a perfect stage. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, China's first classical novel with the widest circulation, the deepest influence, the highest achievement and the greatest boldness of vision, was born and swept the world through the pen of Luo Guanzhong, an outstanding novelist who lived in this historical period. He has made great achievements in the history of China literature development. At the same time, it also adds brilliant brilliance to the treasure house of world literature.

Luo Guanzhong, whose real name is Ben, is also known as "scattered people and lakes". The year of birth and death is unknown. Taiyuan Qingyuan (now Qingxu County, Taiyuan City) was born in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and Luo Zhongxiang was an official in Qingzhou (now Qingxu) in the later Tang Dynasty. Later, due to the flood that originated and the long journey. He settled in Qingyuan, Taiyuan, and then moved to Sigou Village, baimashan (now Baishigou) in the west of the city. His father Luo Jinsheng has six sons, ranking second in Guanxing.

Probably because Roche's ancestors were born as officials. The descendants of the Roche family attached great importance to the family history education of "woody water source" for their descendants, and always maintained the family style of "farming and reading, passing on the family tradition, and teaching children by poetry and courtesy". Under the influence of this family heirloom, Guan Zhong loved reading and consulting classics and history since childhood, which laid a good foundation for his later creation. However, the era of Guan Zhong's life is an extremely sharp and complicated era of ethnic contradictions and class contradictions. The cruel rule and oppression of Mongolian aristocrats by the Yuan Dynasty aroused the resistance of the people of the whole country, and the struggle to overthrow the rule of the Yuan Dynasty was in full swing. Zhu Yuanzhang, Chen Youliang, Zhang Shicheng and other rebels fought against the Yuan Army and merged with each other. It is said that Luo Guanzhong, who stepped into youth, wandered the Jianghu under the influence of this historical turmoil, joined the uprising army led by Zhang Shicheng, merged into its shogunate and acted as a screen guest. In addition, Chen Shi collected by Wang Qi said that he was "interested in seeking the king" and was a man with political ambitions. This can be seen from his later Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

It seems that Luo Guanzhong's novels should benefit from his political frustration. It is precisely because of this that he has the time and possibility to devote himself to literary creation and become the first writer in the history of China literature to devote himself to novel creation. He has many masterpieces handed down from generation to generation, such as Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Romance of the Five Dynasties of Tang Dynasty, Biography of Three Demons of Sui Dynasty, Fenzhuanglou and the zaju Song Taizu Dragon and Tiger Storm. According to legend, he also wrote the popular romance of the seventeenth history and participated in the writing of Water Margin. The preface to the Popular Romance of the Western Jin Dynasty, which was interpreted by inchworm Zhai, said: "Roche was born at an untimely time, so his depression could not be exhibited, and he rose from the water margin to show injustice."

Guan Zhong's masterpiece Romance of the Three Kingdoms is about his later works. This classic document describes the history of political and military struggles between Wei, Shu and Wu for nearly a century from the Yellow Scarf Uprising in the first year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (18) to the unification of China in the first year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (280). He drew lessons from Pei Songzhi's mistakes, mistakes and arguments according to the historical clues and historical figures provided by Chen Shou's The History of the Three Kingdoms. What are the disadvantages? × Song Yu? Hunting? What's the matter with you? What happened to Tom? He gave it to John Wilhelm? ┡ ┟ ═? Na？ The carbuncle said it was baked? What about the account mash? Hey? Are you good at it? Bugs? Private? Talking about chess? Prepare for the worst? Fat record? Hey, flash Su Yi? A classic of 50,000 words.

In this masterpiece, Guan Zhong entrusted his personal love and hate, and objectively exposed the political, military, open, hidden, legal and illegal contradictions and struggles between feudal ruling groups. It vividly depicts the strategies, tricks and intrigues of the feudal ruling class for fame and fortune, intrigue, intrigue and intrigue. Intentionally or unintentionally, it reveals the real historical background and reasons why farmers can't live, take risks and rebel one after another.

As for the artistic achievements of The Romance of Three Kingdoms, there are many aspects, which fully shows that Luo Guanzhong has amazing skill in characterization. Among the more than 400 characters in the book, Cao Cao, Liu Bei, Sun Quan, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Zilong, Huang Zhong, Lu Su, Zhou Yu, Huang Gai, Guo Jia, Xu You, Zhang Liao, Lu Xun, Wang Yun, Dong Zhuo and Lu Bu all have distinct and vivid personal characteristics. In particular, the images of Zhang Fei, Zhuge Liang and Cao are fascinating and lifelike.

Luo Guanzhong's description of the war was extremely successful, which fully proved that he did participate in the peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty. Therefore, the thrilling battlefield and the rapidly changing combat situation can be described as ever-changing and unique, showing the diversity and complexity of the war. However, it is precisely because of Luo Guanzhong's experience in participating in the war, Superman's artistic skill and painstaking creation that the description of the war campaign appeared in his pen, with prominent focus, patchwork, density and reality; Overwhelming war scenes, wanton expansion, ups and downs, lightning speed, magnificent; Render the atmosphere of the battlefield, sketch it at will, and make it vivid.

2 Introduction to Four Classic Novels

Luo Guanzhong was an outstanding classical novelist in China at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty. He pushed the style of Italian novels to a mature stage. Later, many scholars and writers spoke highly of him and compared him with Ma and Guan Hanqing. His great achievements in literary creation have become a valuable asset in the treasure house of China literature and world literature. The well-known Romance of the Three Kingdoms written by him is not only a household name in China, but also translated into the languages of more than ten countries, which is popular all over the world and deeply loved by people all over the world. Abroad, his Romance of the Three Kingdoms is called "a masterpiece rich in people's nature", while the Encyclopedia Britannica calls him "the first master of art".

Nai'an Shi

Automatic book addiction

Outside the gate of Suzhou, there is a family named Shi in Shijiaxiang, North of Huaixu Bridge, which is a descendant of Shi Zhichang, one of the seventy-two disciples of Confucius. The father who spread this branch to Shi Naian was the14th generation. In the second year of Yuan Chengzong Yuan Zhen (AD 1296), another man was added to the family. An old scholar named the baby Yan Duan, which means that the child must be a clever genius when he grows up. The strict passage in this infant is Shi Naian, who later wrote the historical masterpiece Water Margin. When Shi Naian was seven years old, his family was poor and he couldn't go to school. But?