Migration and distribution of Miao surname

Miao Benhuang's Miao Yi is located in the west of Jiyuan, Henan. Now there is a place called Miao Ting, which is said to be the site of Miao Yi more than 2,600 years ago. Of course, the original birthplace of Miao surname should also be in one place. After the three tribes were divided into Jin, due to official reasons, the Miao family was registered in Shanxi and Hebei. In the late Warring States period, Qin was militaristic, and the Central Plains was the first goal of its expansion. Jiyuan, the ancestral home of Miao nationality, is also deeply troubled by the war. Therefore, a large number of Miao surnames moved to Changzhi, Shanxi Province, or moved to Dingtao, Shandong Province. After reproduction and development, they prospered into Shangdang County and Yin Ji County. In the Han Dynasty, Miao's surname recorded in historical books was Miao, a soldier craftsman and Miao, Wang Mang's teacher. Miao Meng (now Baofeng, Henan Province), Miao Zeng in Youzhou, and the Muse in the late Han Dynasty, especially Miao Guang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, claimed to have kept the fief in the history books, which means that Miao Guang's descendants settled in Dong 'e, Shandong Province today. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, due to the fierce social turmoil, the Miao family, like other gentry in the Central Plains, went south, crossed the Yangtze River and entered Jiangdong to avoid the war. One of the Miao surnames migrated to Jinhua, Zhejiang Province, and after reproduction, Dongyang County, the third largest county in the history of Miao surnames, was formed. Of course, from Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties, Miao surnames mainly flourished in Shangdang and Yin Ji counties. For example, the only prime minister Miao Jinqing in the history of Miao surname is Shangdang Huguan. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, a Miao family from Shaanxi moved to Gansu and Ningxia in order to avoid the constant war near the capital. During the Song Dynasty, the Miao surname mainly originated from the above three counties and spread widely. Especially after the royal families of Song and Zhao settled in the south of the Yangtze River, Miao people settled in southern provinces such as Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan and Jiangxi. It should be pointed out that Miao, who was born in Changzhi, Shanxi today, is still famous in history. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the war broke out and the Miao surname was forced to migrate. According to the genealogy of Miao family in Pei County, Jiangsu Province, at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the Miao family in Dongsilimiao Bridge in Yongcheng County, Henan Province moved outward in seven branches: one moved to Bianjing (now Kaifeng), one moved to Xiayi, one moved to Pei County, Jiangsu Province, one moved to Shandong, one moved to Anhui and two moved to Shanxi. In the early Ming Dynasty, the government immigrated from Shanxi to Henan and Hebei on a large scale, and Miao Zi in Xizhangbao Village, Zhangzi County, Shanxi Province moved to Dafeng Village, southwest of Wuzhi County, Henan Province. There are four youngest sons, the eldest son moved to this village in Sima, Wuzhi, and the descendants moved to Zhaobao and other places in Wenxian County. The second son moved to Qiliying, Xinxiang City, and the descendants moved to Nanzhuang, Hetou and other villages. The third son moved to Wuzhiqiao Temple today, and the descendants moved to Gu Ying and other places in Xingyang City today; The fourth son still lives in Dafeng Village, and his descendants moved to Xiuwu, Jiaozuo and wen county. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 1 1000 descendants of Miaozishi, and there are more than 3,500 Miao surnames in Dafeng Village alone. According to the Miao genealogy of Tang Miao Village in Xiping County, Henan Province, the ancestor Miao Gong moved from Hongdong, Shanxi Province to Tang Miao Village in Xiping County during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, and then separated from Zhang Miao Village. According to the Miao Family Tree in Yuxian County, Henan Province, in the 29th year of Ming Hongwu (1396), an old woman led her son and nephew to move to Henan, the eldest son Miao settled in Shendong Town of Yuxian County, the second son Miao settled in Jiaxian Village, the third son Miao Licheng settled in Xiangxian Village and the nephew Miao settled in Baisha Village of Yuxian County. After the mid-Qing Dynasty, with the eastward wave, Miao people from Hebei, Shandong and Henan migrated to the three northeastern provinces. Since the reform and opening up, many Miao descendants have gone overseas to do business, study and run enterprises, and some have become local celebrities. At the same time, many Miao descendants from Southeast Asia, the United States, Canada and Taiwan Province Province have returned to the Central Plains and their hometowns to seek roots and set up factories. No matter at home or abroad, Miao descendants have made valuable contributions to the local economic and cultural construction with their intelligence.

The population of contemporary Miao surname is about 165438+ 10,000, which is the146th surname in China, accounting for about 0.07l% of the national population. Henan is the largest province with Miao surname, accounting for about 32% of the national population.