Geography problems in the second day of junior high school

Eliminating poverty and achieving common prosperity are the fundamental requirements to reflect the superiority of the socialist system and the primary task of building a harmonious socialist society. For a long time, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and Party committees and governments at all levels have made unremitting efforts to eradicate poverty. The "Seventh Five-Year Plan", which was implemented in 1980s, achieved the strategic goal of basically solving the problem of food and clothing for the rural poor at the end of last century. The Outline of Rural Poverty Alleviation and Development in China issued in the new century has further pointed out the direction for us to carry out poverty alleviation work. Under the guidance of the spirit of the Outline, the poverty alleviation work in Jinzhong City has also entered a new stage of development. In the long-term work practice, I deeply feel that the rural poor in China are mainly concentrated in hilly areas. Due to poor natural conditions and relatively low population quality, poverty alleviation and development in some places still remain at a low level of "blood transfusion", and the phenomenon of returning to poverty occurs from time to time, and poverty alleviation is still very difficult. This phenomenon is particularly obvious in Jinzhong, where more than 200,000 poor people are mainly concentrated in hilly areas, accounting for 83.3% of the city's land area. In recent years, the municipal party committee and the municipal government have been looking for ways to get rich for farmers in poor hilly areas, and I have been paying attention to the development of poor villages in two hilly areas. One is Shiyangban Village in the northeast of Yuci District, and the other is Zhucun Village in the southeast of Yuci District. Their characteristic is that by developing protected vegetable cultivation, they can quickly get rid of the "poor hat" in a short time and realize the leap from poor to rich. Leaders from Hui Liangyu, Zhang Baoshun, Wang Jun and other countries and provinces visited these two villages respectively and spoke highly of their development achievements. When Vice Premier Hui Liangyu inspected Shiyangban Village, he said happily: "From the greenhouse in Shiyangban Village in Jinzhong, I saw that the adjustment of Shanxi rural industrial structure has achieved results." Over the past few years, I have been to Shiyangban and Zhucun many times and witnessed the whole process of the start, development and transformation of these two villages. I deeply feel that the great changes in these two poor villages have made people see the hope of developing facility agriculture in poor hilly and mountainous areas to get rid of poverty and get rich, and to break the current "bottleneck" that restricts the development of modern agriculture, which has very strong reference and guiding significance.

Modern facility agriculture has developed in poor and backward mountain villages, and its transformation road is touching and exciting, forming a remarkable "Shiyangban model" and "zhu cun phenomenon"

Shiyangban and Zhucun used to be "partial, bitter and poor". "Away" means being in a remote place with inconvenient transportation. Shiyangban Village is located in the hilly and arid mountainous area in the northeast of Yuci District, and it is the northernmost administrative village in Dongzhao Township. The village moved from the mountainous area with an altitude of1260m to its current residence. There are 76 households in the village with 3 12 people. Zhucun is located in the southeast of Beitian Town, Yuci District, bordering Taigu County, with an altitude of 900 meters and a distance of 10 km from the seat of the town government, with an existing population of 7 13. "Bitterness" refers to hard conditions and difficulties in survival. Shiyangban Village has 146 1 mu of cultivated land, all of which are dry land, and only some corn and minor grains can be planted. In a good year, you can earn from 300 yuan to 400 yuan per mu. The year is not good, even the seeds can't be harvested. The site condition of Zhucun is worse than Shiyangban. 365,438+050 mu of cultivated land in the village are all distributed in ravines. Water conservancy facilities can only maintain the villagers' living water, without an acre of irrigated land. Even if it rains, it is difficult to retain the rain, and the ability to preserve moisture is extremely poor. It's all about eating according to the weather. "Poverty" refers to meager income and living in poverty. In 2004, the per capita net income of Zhucun was less than 1000 yuan, while that of Shiyangban Village was only 1453 yuan. According to Bian Xudong, the branch secretary of Shiyangban Village, for more than a decade, the village has never built a new house or married a daughter-in-law. Most villagers lived in dirt caves dug before liberation and were in rags.

The starting point of the transformation of the two villages is Shiyangban Village. In 2005, Shiyangban Village actively responded to the call of the municipal government to build a new socialist countryside in combination with the implementation of resettlement projects, and established a production adjustment plan for developing greenhouses in arid mountainous areas. The overall plan gives consideration to both production and living facilities, highlighting the construction of greenhouse (referred to as "four in one") integrating greenhouse planting, livestock and poultry breeding, biogas circulation, rainwater collection and water saving, and completed 3 1 set that year. This small mountain village, which has never planted vegetables in history, has produced high-quality pollution-free vegetables, and the villagers have earned "piles of money" that their ancestors have never seen before. In 2006, the village implemented the second phase of greenhouse construction. At present, more than 60 greenhouses have been built one after another, which is close to one shed for each household. Its development model is called "Shiyangban model" by agricultural experts. Although Zhucun people started late, they are more determined and act faster. In 2006, the village started from 5 sets of greenhouses, and within two years, it has achieved a leap from 58 sets to 120 sets, which has become another highlight of facility agriculture construction in hilly and mountainous areas after Shiyang Office. Its development speed is amazing, its fighting spirit is touching, its achievements in the gully with extremely bad site conditions are shocking, and it is praised as "Zhu Village Phenomenon" by the news media.

The economic and social benefits of the great development of Shiyangban and Zhucun greenhouses are very obvious: First, the masses have achieved poverty alleviation. Last year, Shiyangban and Zhucun produced an average of 1.5 thousand Jin of vegetables per shed, with an average net income of more than 30 thousand yuan, and the average yield per mu was more than 50 times higher than in the past. The per capita net income of the two villages reached 6838 yuan and 6200 yuan respectively, more than quadrupling that of 2004, making them well-known wealthy villages. Farmers in the two villages are now full of confidence and enthusiasm for the development of greenhouses. Shiyangban village plans to realize two sheds per household by 20 15, with a per capita income of more than 20,000 yuan. Zhucun plans to develop another 80 greenhouses in the next two years, reaching 1 greenhouse per household, with per capita income exceeding 1 10,000 yuan. Second, the fighting capacity and appeal of the village "two committees" team have been unprecedentedly enhanced. The "two committees" that lead villagers to get rid of poverty and become rich have high prestige in the minds of the masses. The general election of the two village branch teams and village committees was very successful, and democratic management systems such as "two discussions, five openness, one discussion, one certificate, two systems" can be well implemented. Shiyangban Village was identified by the Ministry of Science and Technology as a national science and technology demonstration village for new rural construction, awarded the title of demonstration village for standardization of superior agricultural products by the municipal party committee and the municipal government, and the village collective was awarded the third-class merit by the Shanxi Provincial Labor Competition Committee. Bian Xudong, secretary of the village branch, was awarded the title of outstanding party member and model leader in new rural construction by the municipal party committee and municipal government. Zhucun has been rated as an advanced village for industrial restructuring in Yuci District twice, and Zhao Liqin, the branch secretary, has been rated as an outstanding NPC deputy, an outstanding party member and an outstanding individual. Now, both villages have set up branches and village committees to provide all-round services. The villagers concentrate on production and unite as one, enjoying the vivid situation of building a new socialist countryside. Third, the village style is more civilized and harmonious. Idle laborers in the village are all involved in greenhouse vegetable cultivation, and learning technology, learning scale and learning concrete benefits have become a common practice. Farmers' market awareness has been significantly enhanced, their ideas and concepts have become more open, the village appearance has been significantly improved, and the social atmosphere has become more harmonious. There have been no criminal cases in these two villages for several years. The fourth is to expand new ways of employment for returning migrant workers. The success of the greenhouse vegetable planting project attracted most migrant workers back to their villages. In the past, nearly 70% of the labor force in Zhucun went out to work, and nearly a quarter of the farmers lived with their families. At present, more than 300 people have returned home to develop greenhouse vegetable production, and 90% of the farmers who left home have moved back. Not long ago, Zhang Baoshun, secretary of the provincial party committee, pointed out during a survey in Zhucun: "Zhucun is on the right track, which not only enriches the whole village, but also solves the employment problem of returning migrant workers, which is equivalent to working for farmers and building a' factory' nearby. This is an effective way to cope with the financial crisis and ease the pressure of urban employment. "