How many major earthquakes were there in the history of China?

1.On September 1303 and 17, a strong earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in Zhao Cheng, Hongdong, Shanxi;

The earthquake occurred in the Yuan Dynasty, which was the first earthquake of magnitude 8 in historical records, and killed about 200,000 people.

There are still the remains of this earthquake in Hongdong, Shanxi, and there are also many inscriptions in various parts of Shanxi.

(Hongdong earthquake remains)

(Earthquake remains)

2. A.D.1556 65438+1October 23rd, an earthquake of magnitude 8.25 occurred in Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province:

The earthquake occurred in the Ming Dynasty, that is, on December 12, the thirty-fourth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty. The earthquake affected a wide range, involving Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Gansu, Hebei, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Anhui and other provinces and cities.

The earthquake also caused the highest death toll in China, with a real-name recorded population of over 830,000, not including countless unknown people.

3.1May, 69518th, an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred in Linfen, Shanxi:

Time came to the Qing Dynasty again, around May 1695 18, that is, the sixth day of April in the thirty-fourth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi. The earthquake was estimated to be around magnitude 8, and it was called "Pingyang Earthquake" in history.

At that time, 28 counties were affected, and 14 counties were seriously affected. Statistics show that more than 52,600 people were killed.

4. 1,1In July, 879, an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred in Wenxian County, Gansu Province:

In July of Guangxu five years 1879, 1, a major earthquake occurred in Wenxian County, Gansu Province.

According to the literature records and modern textual research at that time, it was confirmed that the earthquake was about 8.0. 5. A strong earthquake of magnitude 8.5 occurred in Haiyuan County, Ningxia 1920 12 16;

In the 20th century, namely1920 65438+February 16 at 20: 05: 53, an earthquake of magnitude 8.5 occurred in Haiyuan county, Ningxia.

In this earthquake, the death toll was 240,000, and dozens of counties were damaged, four of which were seriously damaged.

The earthquake affected no more than 250 square kilometers, involving Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia 17 provinces, cities and autonomous regions.

The Haiyuan earthquake also triggered an unprecedented earthquake landslide. When the earthquake happened, the sky fell and the earth cracked, and some mountains even moved for one or two kilometers, forming a 200-kilometer-long fault zone.

6.1in may, 927, a strong earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in Gulang, Gansu province:

1927 At 32: 47 on May 23rd, a strong earthquake occurred again in Gulang, Gansu, China, with a magnitude of 8.

The earthquake killed more than 40,000 people, and Gulang County, the epicenter, was razed to the ground.

7. On February 25th, an earthquake of magnitude 7.6 occurred in Changmabao 1932+65438, Gansu:

A.D.1932 65438+February 25th 10: 04: 27, a magnitude 7.6 earthquake occurred in Changmabao, Gansu Province, with 70,000 deaths.

Jiayuguan Tower, a well-known historical site in China, has collapsed in the earthquake.

8. An earthquake of magnitude 7.7 occurred from 1970 to 1.5 in Tonghai County, Yunnan Province:

65438+65438 0970+1:00: 341On October 5th, an earthquake of magnitude 7.7 occurred in Tonghai County, Yunnan Province.

The earthquake affected seven counties, including Tonghai, Eshan and Huaning, with 156 deaths and 2/kloc-0 deaths, 324,365,438 people were disabled, 338,456 houses were destroyed, 65,438 large livestock were killed, and the economic loss was 3.84 billion yuan, the largest in Yunnan in the last century, with the largest number of deaths and the largest loss.

9.1On July 28th, 976, an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 occurred in Tangshan, Hebei Province:

At 3: 42 on July 28, 1976, Tangshan City, Hebei Province, at 39.4 degrees north latitude and 1 18.0 degrees east longitude, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurred with an epicentre intensity of X l degrees.

On that day 18: 43, an earthquake of magnitude 7. 1 occurred in Luanxian County, 40 kilometers away from Tangshan, with the epicenter intensity of X l degrees.

The Tangshan earthquake occurred in a densely populated and economically developed industrial city, and the losses were extremely heavy.

The earthquake killed more than 240,000 people and injured more than 6.5438+0.6 million people, making it the world's deadliest earthquake in the 20th century.

10.0 On May 2, 2008/kloc-0, an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province:

On May 12 14: 28: 04, 2008, an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, with 3 1 degree north latitude and 0/03.4 degree east longitude. The earthquake was very strong, widespread, destructive and lasting for a long time.

This is the most destructive and widespread earthquake since the founding of New China.

The earthquake destroyed about 50 square kilometers of land in China.

The direct economic loss reached 845654380+billion yuan, which was also the most influential earthquake since the founding of the People's Republic of China.

On August 8, 2017,21:019: 46, an earthquake of magnitude 7 occurred in Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province (33.2 degrees north latitude, 0/03.82 degrees east longitude), which reminded many people of the Wenchuan earthquake. Fortunately, the number of casualties caused by this earthquake so far is relatively small, and the disaster area is basically stable. While praying for the disaster area, the author also combed some influential earthquakes in the history of China for your reference. 1, Wudu Earthquake This earthquake occurred in Wudu Road (now Lueyang, Shaanxi Province) in the Han Dynasty, which is very close to Jiuzhaigou and Wenchuan today. According to historical records, "the earthquake, Qiang Road and Wudu Road collapsed, killing 760 people, and the earthquake did not stop until August". The earthquake caused few casualties, but it profoundly changed the geological conditions in the ancient Hanshui area, laying the foundation for Jialing River to attack and seize the ancient Hanshui waterway later. At that time, there was a dammed lake named Tianchi osawa near Hanwudu Road, and the water traffic was very convenient. "Wudu (county): In the Eastern Han Dynasty, one person ... entered the river. Tianchi osawa is in the west of the county. " Wudu County under the control of Wudu County in the late Western Han Dynasty was formerly Wudu Road in the early Han Dynasty. Records in Geography of Hanshu clearly reveal osawa's position in Tianchi. According to the research of Zhou Hongwei and others, it is precisely because of the existence of Chi Daze in Qin and Han Dynasties that few contemporary archaeological remains were found in the local area. With the help of Tianchi osawa, Qin and Shu were connected, and the natural waterway in the upper reaches of the ancient Hanshui River was able to pass through Longxi. The far-reaching significance of this earthquake lies in changing the geological conditions in the upper reaches of the ancient Hanshui River. Because the huge dammed lake formed by the Wudu earthquake was flush with the original Tianchi osawa, the water in the osawa of Tianchi disappeared rapidly in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which led to the difficulty of navigation in the upper reaches of the ancient Han River (the upper reaches of Jialing River) north of Lueyang in Shaanxi after the Eastern Han Dynasty, and caused Zhuge Liang's many northern expeditions in the Three Kingdoms period, which one did not exist when Han Xin captured Guanzhong (because the upper reaches of the ancient Han River in the late Qin Dynasty and early Han Dynasty). The Fenhe earthquake in Shanxi had a great impact. According to the records of Yuan Dynasty, late earthquakes occurred in Yuan Chengzong and Dade in August at Xinmao (AD 65438+AD 0303 September 17), especially in Taiyuan and Pingyang. There are 100,000 bad officials and people living in private houses, and Zhaocheng County and Fan Xuanyi Bao Li in Pingyang have moved for more than ten miles. Xugou, Qixian, Taiyuan, Pingyao, Jiexiu, Xihe, Xiaoyi and other counties in Fenzhou split into canals, and the springs were full of black sand. Fenzhou is one mile north and more than 70 steps east. (Five Elements of Yuan History) The Fenhe River Basin in Shanxi Province was originally an earthquake-prone area and an important part of the North China seismic belt. The earthquake caused tens of thousands of local temples, yamen, academies and pagodas in Shanxi to collapse, resulting in heavy losses. The earthquake affected Taiyuan and Ding Xin in the north, Yuncheng in the south and parts of Henan, Shaanxi and other provinces. The records of 5 1 counties in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan provinces recorded the damage of this earthquake. According to historical records, earthquake researchers estimated that the earthquake intensity reached 1 1 degree, and the aftershocks lasted for more than a year, causing serious casualties. 3. Shaanxi Guanzhong Earthquake1556 65438+1October 23rd, an earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in hua county, Shaanxi Province. Guanzhong area, with fertile plains and dense population, has a very large number of deaths, which is rare in the history of earthquakes at all times and in all countries. In the Ming Dynasty, people called it "Dong Ji Mao Yi Jiajing Guanzhong earthquake, 10 day and 2 nights, which has not changed since modern times." The hua county earthquake in Guanzhong, which really happened during Jiajing period, was the largest since the earthquake was recorded in Ming Dynasty. According to historical records: "It is strange that 830,000 famous people were killed by soldiers and civilians in the official history, and there are countless unknown and unreported people." There are strong earthquakes in more than half of the country. The description of the parties in the Ming Dynasty is even more shocking. A man was sleeping in the middle of the night and suddenly shook. It was already night, and I was awakened from my dream. I can't stick to the mattress again and again, and I hear the sound of equipment near the sofa. If someone pushes it down, the tiles on the roof will make a violent noise and look like Malik galloping. At first I suspected it was a thief, and later I suspected it was a demon. After a while, my head hit the wall and I fell down. Only then did I realize that this earthquake also happened. "At first, he thought it was a gentleman on the beam stealing property, and then he became suspicious. It was not until he found that the fence against which his head was leaning fell that he realized that it was a big earthquake. This passage vividly describes the situation in the earthquake zone. Because it was midnight, most residents slept soundly and didn't argue about the earthquake, so the casualties were particularly heavy. After the disaster, it never rains but it pours and is in ruins. " Or there are cracks in the ground, there are fish in it, or the houses in the battlements are underground, or the ground suddenly becomes a pile of mountains, or the earthquake repeats several times a day, or the earthquake is not only tiring. The Weihe River flooded, Hua Yue and Zhong Nanshan sang, and the river stopped for a few days. "We know that most residents in Guanzhong lived in loess caves at that time. Because of the collapse of loess, a large number of people were buried alive and suffocated; The turbulent Weihe River also aggravated the disaster. Aftershocks are also constant, which brings more trouble to the follow-up disaster relief work. The so-called "aftershocks move three or five times a month for half a year, and if they don't stop for three years, they will gradually stop in five years. "4. The Tancheng earthquake in eastern Shandong occurred in the Qing Dynasty and affected ten provinces including Shandong, Henan and Jiangsu. "Tancheng wild old cry along the township, said the earthquake was poisoned, suddenly heard thunder in the air, the earth instantly capsized. "These poems are the first four sentences of Song of the Victims written by Feng Keshen, then the county magistrate of Tancheng, and truly describe the tragic situation after the Tancheng earthquake. According to the research and analysis of geological experts, this earthquake is the strongest earthquake in the eastern plate of Chinese mainland, and its released energy is about 1 1 times that of the Tangshan earthquake of magnitude 7.8 on July 28th, 0976, which shows its great power. Moreover, in more than 400 counties where strong earthquakes occurred, one in ten people had white hair, which caused many people to panic. (The earthquake also occurred in the south-central end of the Tan-Lu fault zone. Earthquakes, large and small, have been recorded in history books, which have brought great losses to people's production and life. At present, some methods circulating on the Internet, such as earthquake cloud prediction, are difficult to be confirmed by scientific evidence, so future earthquake research cannot be separated from the study of time and space, damage degree and damage characteristics of previous earthquakes. There may be plenty of seismic data in the official history and local chronicles of ancient China, so there is still a lot of room to explore the laws of earthquakes. References:

1, China earthquake, by Li Shanbang. China earthquake [M]. Beijing: seismological press. 198 1.2, BC 186, textual research on Wudu earthquake in Gansu province and discussion on seismogenic structure, Journal of Seismology.

In the history of China, there have been 24 major earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above since the earthquake was recorded in 280 BC.

Among them, 14 occurred in the north, 1 occurred in the northwest, 1 occurred in the south, 1 occurred in Taiwan Province province, and 7 occurred in the southwest. These 24 major earthquakes have caused great damage!

Especially in the Ming Dynasty (1556), an earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in the Weihe River basin north of the Qinling Mountains in southern Shaanxi, involving Weinan, hua county, Huayin and Yongji in Shanxi. Due to the dense population and heavy casualties in this area, famine and plague occurred after the earthquake, and the death toll from incomplete statistics reached 830 thousand.

The earthquake happened in the middle of the night, and people's awareness of disaster prevention was weak. Shaanxi caves have poor seismic performance, houses collapsed, social security is chaotic, rumors are everywhere, natural and man-made disasters, and the Ming court is unable to help, leaving the victims to fend for themselves!

The other time was1Tangshan earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8 on the Richter scale at 3: 42: 53.8 on July 28th, 976. As it happened in contemporary times, the whole city of Tangshan was in ruins, with more than 300,000 casualties and economic losses of 3 billion RMB. Newspapers, magazines, photos, reports and film propaganda make people feel as if they are there. That tragic scene is unforgettable!

Wenchuan earthquake again, 12 years ago, in May 2008 14: 28: 04, an earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in Yingxiu Town, Wenchuan County, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province!

The Wenchuan earthquake severely damaged an area of 500,000 square kilometers, severely damaged 10 counties (cities), severely affected 4 1 counties (cities), and generally affected 186 counties (cities), with 69,227 deaths, 17923 missing.

Before the Wenchuan earthquake, there were omens, such as abnormal behavior of animals and abnormal and peculiar smell of groundwater, which failed to attract people's attention and caused such great losses, and became the eternal pain of our Chinese nation!

Let's keep in mind the history and lessons, learn the knowledge of earthquake prevention, be vigilant, protect our homeland, cherish our lives and overcome the earthquake!

On September 1303 and 17, a strong earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in Zhao Cheng, Hongdong, Shanxi Province,1October 23,1556,65438, and an earthquake of magnitude 8.25 occurred in hua county, Shaanxi Province.

It is said to be the deadliest earthquake in history, with a death toll of about 830,000.

May 1695, 18, Linfen, Shanxi Province, M8.0 earthquake, July 1879, 1, Wenxian County, Gansu Province, M8.0 earthquake, February 1920, 16.

The earthquake * * * killed 288,200 people, injured about 300,000 people, destroyed four cities and damaged dozens of county towns. This earthquake is the biggest earthquake in China in the 20th century, and it is also one of the biggest earthquakes in the world history.

1927 A strong earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in Gulang, Gansu Province in May,17.6 occurred in Changmabao, Gansu Province on February 25th, 932, 197017.7 occurred in Tonghai County, Yunnan Province on October 5th.

The earthquake lasted only 23 seconds, but it caused 242,769 deaths, 1, 6,4851people were seriously injured, 4,204 children were orphaned, Tangshan was almost razed to ruins, and 656 1, 36 of 682,267 civil buildings collapsed and were seriously damaged.

On May 12, 2008, an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, and on April 14, 2065, an earthquake of magnitude 7. 1 occurred in Yushu, Qinghai Province.

According to historical records, there were 26 major earthquakes.

According to the research results of Seismological Bureau of China, earthquakes have been recorded in China for thousands of years. Since recorded, there have been *** 19 earthquakes of magnitude 8.0 or above in Chinese mainland. Since 1900, there have been 24 earthquakes of magnitude 7.5 or above in Chinese mainland, including 8 earthquakes of magnitude 8 or above. Since the 20th century, nearly 800 earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above have occurred in China, covering all provinces and cities except Guizhou and Zhejiang provinces and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.

China's earliest earthquake record: The record of earthquakes in China's history was first found in the Bamboo Book, which mentioned that "in thirty-five years, the emperor ordered Xia Hou to recruit seedlings" and "in thirty-five years, the emperor ordered Xia Hou to recruit seedlings to come to South Korea". "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" quoted "Tomb with Nest Cloud": Three seedlings will die of rain and blood, and there will be an ice spring in summer. Taiping met this cloud: when the three seedlings were about to die out, the earthquake surged. Shun Di lived in the 23rd century BC, with a history of more than 4,000 years. China is a country with severe earthquake disasters because of its high frequency, high intensity, shallow focal point and wide distribution. Since 1900, the number of earthquake deaths in China has reached 550,000, accounting for 53% of the global earthquake deaths; Since 1949, destructive earthquakes have occurred in 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) 100 times, including the eastern region 14 provinces, resulting in more than 270,000 deaths, accounting for 54% of all kinds of disaster deaths in China, with an earthquake-affected area of more than 300,000 square kilometers and 7 million houses collapsed. The severity of natural disasters such as earthquakes is one of the basic national conditions in China. Statistics show that the land area of China accounts for one fifteenth of the global land area, that is, about 6%; The population of China accounts for about one-fifth of the global population, that is, about 20%, less than 20%. The land earthquakes in China account for one-third of the global land earthquakes, that is, about 33%, and the number of earthquake deaths in the world is more than 1/2. Of course, there are special reasons for this. First, China is densely populated and has a large population; China's economy is backward, and its houses are not strong, so it is easy to collapse and collapse. Third, it is closely related to the strong and frequent earthquake activities in China.