Proportion of population of all ethnic groups in Taiwan Province Province

As of March 2003, out of the total population of 22.42 million in Taiwan Province Province, there are 423,000 ethnic minorities, accounting for 1.9% of the total population, including 654,380+098,000 ethnic minorities in the plains and 225,000 ethnic minorities in the mountainous areas. They mainly live in Hualien County (20.2%), Taitung County (18.3%) and Pingtung County (12.4%), and the rest are scattered all over the country. Overall, 69.2% of ethnic minorities live in rural areas; 30.8% in the capital circle.

The distribution of ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province Province is as follows:

Ami nationality

The population is about 6.5438+0.4 million. He lives in the long and narrow coastal plains and hilly areas from Chilai Plain in the north of Hualien to Taitung and Peninsula in Pingtung. Amish people can sing and dance, and many popular professional baseball and basketball stars in Taiwan Province Province are Amish people. Social organizations are tribes, which are closely graded according to the age of men. Tribes are headed by leaders, and the system of life tenure and selection is implemented. The religious beliefs of the Ami people include polytheism, Catholicism and Christianity, and their worship is widely valued. It is popular for men to wear skirts, raise wives and work for their families. Ethnic products include pottery, rattan weaving and weaving.

Atayal nationality

The population is about 90,000. I live in the north of the connecting line between Puli and Hualien in Nantou County. Puli is the geographical center of the whole island of Taiwan Province Province and is famous for its abundant butterflies. Around the town, Pingpu people live in compact communities, and Atayal people live in the foothills of snow-capped mountains in counties such as Nantou, Taichung, Hualien, Yilan and Taipei to the north of the town. The Atayal people make a living by hunting and burning fields, and their national character is brave. Religious belief is supernatural. The national color is red and the clothes are divided into 7 series. Handicrafts are represented by weaving and rattan weaving. Atayal culture has become a well-preserved and representative national culture among minority cultures.

Paiwan people

The population is about 60,000. He lives in 8 mountain townships in Pingtung County and Dawu taimali township in Taitung County. Paiwan has distinct levels, including leaders, nobles, warriors and civilians. The first three are special classes. Religious beliefs are polytheism and ancestral beliefs. Paiwan is a nation that loves art, especially its costumes are the most gorgeous and elegant among the ethnic minorities in Taiwan Province Province. Embroidery is mainly based on religious belief in gods, and the colors of embroidery are mainly orange, yellow and green. Sculptures, pottery pots and ancient glass beads are popular treasures, among which pottery pots are symbols of family power and wealth of leaders. Handicrafts include rattan weaving, bamboo weaving, moon peach mats and so on.

Bunun nationality

The population is about 40,000. Living on both sides of the central mountain range from Hualien and Kaohsiung to Taitung at an altitude of 1000 to 2000 meters, they are typical Gaoshan people. Bunong is divided into Ka, Jun, Zhuo, Dan, Shan and Lan. Making a living by burning mountains and ploughing fields, the ceremony of farming is complex and grand. Bunun people believe that the more harmonious and beautiful the singing, the happier the gods will be, and there will be a bumper harvest of millet this year. Religious beliefs are gods, and handicrafts are vines. Only in the Bunun celebrations, there is no dancing, only jumping to show off martial arts.

North-south nationalities

The population is about 10000. Ancestors living in the area of Beinan Township in Taitung Plain include the Shisheng Zhiben family and the Zhusheng Wang Nan family. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, they were named "Kings of North and South", and the neighboring Ami and paiwan paid tribute to them. The reason why Beinan nationality has such strength is that it maintains the training system for men, and the popular "young monkey sacrifice and big hunting sacrifice" reflects this reality. Priests and leaders are established within the country. They believe in traditional religions and Catholicism. Handicrafts are rattan baskets.

Rukai nationality

The population is about 10000. He lives in Beinan Township, Taitung County, Guwu Township, Maolin Township, Kaohsiung County and other places. Lu Kai is a tribal society with strict internal system, which is divided into four hereditary levels: leaders, nobles, warriors and civilians. Achievements can change with marriage, and society values boys over girls. Religious belief is the spirit of the creator and ancestors, among which the legendary hundred-step snake, the origin of the chief family, is the object of worship and respect. Pottery pots, glazed beads, rattan and bamboo wares and embroidery are all national handicrafts.

Zou nationality

The population is about 7000. 199810/kloc-0 changed its name to "Cao nationality" on October 28th. Living in Alishan Township, Chiayi County and Xinyi Township, Nantou County, commonly known as Beizhou; Nan Zou lives in Sanmin Township and Taoyuan Township in Kaohsiung County. The languages, costumes and social organizations of the two nationalities are similar, but the sacrificial ceremonies are different. The whole clan is divided into four parts: big society, United clan, clan and sub-clan. Historically, the Zou nationality once prevailed in male gathering places, and teenagers had to enter nightclubs to receive training in history, culture, traditional skills and hunting. Religious belief is a supernatural god. Zou people, who make a living by hunting, wear fur coats and fur hats as their main costumes during festivals. Handicrafts are mainly leather products, rattan baskets and net bags.

Xia Sai nationality

The population is about 7000, in the mountainous area where Hsinchu and Miaoli counties meet. Xia Sai nationality is divided into two branches, north and south. Each branch has a leader, and the elders of each family have a high status. Animals, plants and natural phenomena are very popular in the family. Religious belief is a supernatural god, the spirit of ancestors and the spirit of dwarfs. The biennial sacrifice of dwarf spirits is the main religious activity, and other different sacrifices are presided over by different surnames. They use a lot of bamboo products in architecture and life, forming a distinct bamboo culture.

Yameizu

The population is about 4000. She lives in Lan Yu Island, 49 nautical miles away from Taitung. Due to geographical reasons, this ethnic group has frequent contacts with Bataan Island in the Philippines, and their living habits and languages are similar. In ancient legends, there are also stories about Ami's association with Bataan Island. Yami people are the only Gaoshan people in history who have no habit of "headhunting". Because they live overseas, the fishing industry is relatively developed, and fishing activities are also the main part of the annual festival. Because Lan Yu is not only hot, but also located at the crossroads of typhoons (special topics, galleries), underground caves are very popular in the local area. There is no leader in society, mainly the elders of each family, with the bloodline family as the main body. Among the ethnic minorities, Yami is the only one who owns metallurgical industry.

Shao nationality

The population is about 283. I live in Sun Moon Lake Village near Sun Moon Lake and Dapinglin in Ding Cun, Shuili Township. On August 8th, 20001year, the administrative organ of Taiwan Province Province designated it as Gaoshan 10 ethnic group. The lifestyle of Shao nationality is fishing, hunting, farming and mountain forest gathering, and the crops are mainly millet, sweet potato and peanuts. Badminton dance is an important part of Shao harvest festival, and "the sound of pestle" has become one of the eight scenic spots in Sun Moon Lake. In addition, there are sowing sacrifices, hunting sacrifices, eel sacrifices and harvest festivals. Religious belief is ancestral belief, which is divided into supreme ancestor spirit and clan ancestor spirit. The popular handicrafts in the clan are leather made by themselves and linen woven by themselves.

The Gaoshan people are also called "mountain cells". It is said that Gaoshan people have lived in high mountain areas for thousands of years. In the long historical process, the 10 ethnic group of Gaoshan ethnic group has always been regarded as a "native model" and has little contact with Pingpu ethnic group and immigrants. It was not until the Qing Dynasty implemented the policy of "opening mountains to help fans" that it began to communicate with the Han and Pingpu nationalities in the plain area, but it still maintained its own national customs, social outlook and life customs. Gaoshan culture provides an existing model for studying the early development of Taiwan Province Province.

Another Gaoshan nationality is Pingpu nationality.

1On September 20th, 998, Pingpu descendants and Pingpu scholars from Taiwan Province Province gathered together and announced the establishment of Pingpu Society. Liu Huanyue, who has been engaged in Pingpu studies for a long time, was elected as the chairman of the society. Pingpu people live in the western plain and become the main force in the development of Taiwan Province Province. Since the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, a large number of Fujian and Guangdong people have crossed Taiwan Province, and all Pingpu ethnic groups are facing the impact of Chinese culture. The change of external environment makes Pingpu people learn from Fujian and Guangdong immigrants in their lifestyle and economic development. Therefore, the two sides have close contacts and frequent exchanges, and there are many integrations in the long-term historical development process. There are also some Pingpu people who have to move because of the increasingly fierce land competition in the western plain to find another way to survive. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, a relatively large-scale immigration took place. Mainly the Pingpu people in Central China, moved to Yilan and Puli today; Kamalan moved to Hualien and Taitung today; The Silayas moved to the East.

Pingpu descendants and Pingpu researchers have done a lot of work to rescue Pingpu and dig up their historical materials. The existing Pingpu 10 clans are as follows:

Ketagalan

The Ketagalan ethnic group originally distributed in Taipei Basin, with 32 main ethnic groups, but a few of them are still unknown near Taipei.

Leilang nationality

The Leilang nationality is mainly distributed in parts of Taipei County and Taoyuan County.

Cavallin

Kamalan people live in Yilan Plain, with 20 societies, and now live along the coastal highways of Yilan and Hualien.

Taukas

Doka people live in the coastal plains of Hsinchu and Miaolitai. The main community has 16, and there are still many.

Bazehai nationality

The activity area of Bazehai nationality is centered on Fengyuan, with 16 societies, which are now distributed in Taichung County, Fengyuan and Puli Town in Nantou.

Babu family

The main activity area of the Babula nationality is the coastal plain south of Dajiaxi in Taichung County and north of Da 'anxi, and its main residence is Puli Town in Nantou County.

Babuza

Barbosa is historically distributed in Changhua Plain and Taichung Basin, south of Dadu River and north of Zhuoshui River, with 7 communities, Puli Town, Nantou County;

Heanya nationality

Anya's activity area is in the mountainous area south of Wufeng Township in Taichung County and north of Xinying Town in Tainan County. * * * 13, now living in Puli Town, Nantou;

Silaya

The Silaya people are divided into three branches: Silaya, Maka Island and Sishe Pingpu, which are mainly distributed in Jian 'an Plain and live in the mountainous area south of the Tropic of Cancer.

Shuishalian nationality

The water lilies are mainly near Sun Moon Lake.

Pingpu nationality has played a very important role in the development of Taiwan Province Province. Pingpu people were the early residents who communicated with Fujian and Guangdong immigrants when they arrived in Taiwan Province Province. After a long historical evolution, it has been sinicized, and there are still about 30,000 to 60,000 people in the Japanese occupation era. Most of Pingpu's languages, customs, systems and cultures have changed or disappeared. However, Pingpu nationality, like Gaoshan nationality, together with Fujian and Guangdong immigrants, has played a very important role in the development and construction of Taiwan Province Province. It is precisely because of the cooperation between Pingpu people and immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong that the initial development was successful.