Is Taiwanese just Minnan?

Taiwan Province dialect is a part of Minnan language family. Taiwan dialect, also known as Taiwanese or Taiwanese Minnan, is used to refer to the Minnan language used in Taiwan Province Province, China. Linguistically, it belongs to Zhang Quan dialect, which is very close to Xiamen dialect. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of mainland immigrants have entered Taiwan Province Province, and the languages they brought have replaced the languages of local minorities in Taiwan Province Province and become the dominant languages in Taiwan Province Province.

The word "Minnan dialect" has broad and narrow meanings. In a broad sense, it refers to the collection of Minnan languages, and in a narrow sense, it only refers to the Minnan languages of Fujian and Taiwan Province. Scholars in Taiwan Province Province and the West believe that it is a language and belongs to Sino-Tibetan language family. In the classification of continental linguistics, it belongs to a kind of Min language in Chinese language family. In Taiwan Province Province, it is also called Taiwanese, Taiwanese, Heluo or Fulao dialect.

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The Historical Formation of Minnan Dialect

The formation of Minnan dialect is mainly due to two waves of immigrants, the reason of which is to conquer foreigners and avoid chaos:

The first time: Jin people moved to Fujian in the 4th century, and some elementary Quanzhou dialects were formed during the Five Wilderness Period of Jin Dynasty (304-439 BC), and foreigners invaded the Central Plains.

In the second year of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 308), eight masters of the Central Plains (Zhan, Chen Zhengqiu, He Hu) began to take refuge in Quanzhou, Jinjiang and other basins in Fujian, and they brought with them the ancient people of China at that time (for example, body, jaw, turtle, injustice, tripod, chopsticks, etc.). ), later known as "Quanzhou dialect".

But this time, the number is very small, and most of the immigrants stay in the Minjiang River and Mulan River basins.

During the reign of the Southern Liang Dynasty (502-5 19), Nan 'an County was located in the south of Jin 'an County to maintain the stability of southern Fujian. Located in Fengzhou Town, Nan 'an City, it governs three counties such as Jin 'an, Xiamen, Putian, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou, but it was soon revoked.

It was not until the mid-Tang Dynasty more than 200 years later that Wurongzhou was established in Quanzhou for the third time, and it was later renamed Quanzhou. Quanzhou has a solid organizational system. After more than 400 years, Anxi, Hui 'an, Yongchun and Dehua in Quanzhou were established in the Five Dynasties.

Therefore, a few "Quanzhou dialects" are Wu Chu dialects in the Central Plains (such as phio5, ng2 and Hohia) and local Vietnamese dialects (such as loo3 (high), san2 (thin), lim (drink) and hiu3) in the 3rd and 4th centuries.

The second time: In the early Tang Dynasty, the fathers of Zheng Chen and Chen Yuanguang settled in Zhangzhou. Zhangzhou dialect was first formed in the second year of Tongzhang Tang Gaozong (AD 669). The barbarians in southern Fujian were in trouble, and the court sent Zheng Chen and Chen Yuanguang (east of the county) to the south to quell the chaos. After the chaos, they settled in Zhangzhou, including Silla and Zhangping in Longyan today. These people brought China in the seventh century.

Before the establishment of Zhangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, there were only a few thousand families. These people should be agricultural registered permanent residence that can be controlled by the Tang Dynasty. Besides them, there are some barbarians living in the mountains in the south of Zhangzhou.

Tang Jun, led by Chen Yuanguang, fought a long battle to control Zhangzhou. As a result of the war between the two sides, the Tang Dynasty took control of Zhangzhou coastal plain and other vast areas, and the barbarians were finally pacified.

Zhangzhou in the Tang Dynasty was not very prosperous, and its development reached its first climax in the Southern Song Dynasty.

The most influential thing is that the Ming Dynasty opened the sea ban to Zhangzhou alone. "The bustling town is one side, and the port Qian Fan is competing for the male" is a vivid historical portrayal at that time.

Third time: In the late 9th century, Wang Chao, Wang Shenluan and Wang ruled Fuzhou and Quanzhou, and Quanzhou dialect was formed.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Huang Chao Rebellion occurred in China (AD 878). In the Tang Dynasty, three brothers, Wang Chao, Wang Shenluan and Wang San, from Gushi County, Gwangju, went south to put down the rebellion. After the rebellion, Wang Chao was appointed as the special envoy of the powerful Fujian army.

That is, this group of people brought the ninth century Central Plains dialect.

Most of the third immigrants were from Guangzhou, Huainan Road in Tang Dynasty.

When Fujian people read the Four Books and Five Classics, this is the main source of some "reading sounds".

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, scholars systematically sorted out the Minnan dialect at that time, and wrote "A Treasure Mirror of Yin Hui", which gave birth to fifteen tones.

Baidu encyclopedia-Minnan language