Will Europa and Titan become livable planets in the era of the sun's red giant?

The satellite surfaces of Jupiter and Saturn are both in orbits at the same distance from the sun, and the temperatures are similar. At this low temperature, it seems that the establishment of scientific research bases is not a big problem, but large-scale immigration is still a problem. Obviously Mars is more suitable! So is the future ok? Billions of years later, in the red giant era of the sun, the sun will expand near the earth's orbit, and the earth and Mars are already a sea of fire, which is no longer suitable for survival. At this time, the moons of Jupiter and Saturn will be the last livable places in the solar system.

How long will it last? About tens of millions of years! The diameter of Europa is about 3 122km. Under this condition, a large amount of water resources of Europa may gradually escape with thawing. At present, Europa has no atmosphere, and water vapor will be decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen under the action of photolysis, and hydrogen will escape immediately, while oxygen will gradually escape under the bombardment of high-energy ultraviolet rays, because Europa now has a 1e-65438+.

This is the escape of hydrogen and oxygen after the photolysis of biochemical steam! Simply put, in the distant future, Europa may be a bare stone ball! Titan, the hometown of Thanos, is a satellite with a diameter of 5 15 1 km. Its atmospheric density is relatively large, about twice that of the earth, but its escape speed is relatively low.

Humans can fly on this planet with wings, and it contains a lot of nitrogen. It is the second celestial body in the solar system with a nitrogen atmosphere-the methane lake near Titan's North Pole. You didn't mistake it for a lake with liquid hydrocarbon liquid. The surface temperature of Titan is about-179. 16℃, which is a temperature that can keep hydrocarbon gas liquid. In the future livable era, these liquid hydrocarbons will be.