What are the pronunciations of Henan dialect?

Henan dialect belongs to the northern dialect, that is, Mandarin, which is the largest dialect in China. Henan dialect is actually the ancient mandarin, that is, the ancient mandarin. Mainly refers to popular in Henan and its surrounding areas. Because of Henan's large population, historical war, sports, economic activities and other reasons, the mobility of the population makes other parts of the country have groups dominated by Henan dialect. Shang language was originally a kind of Dongyi language, which has a profound Chinese culture. After coming to the Central Plains, it merged with Xia dialect (a primitive Chinese dialect) and many primitive Chinese dialects, forming the embryonic form of today's Central Plains Mandarin-Huaxia dialect. Huaxia language, with Luo Yang as the standard pronunciation, later became the elegant language used in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and then developed into the "common language, common language" in Yang Xiong dialect. The basic stereotypes of Henan dialect in the Northern Song Dynasty are similar to those of Henan dialect today. After thousands of years of integration and development, modern Henan dialect has been formed. The reason why Northern Mandarin is similar to today's Henan dialect is that the northern Mandarin area has long standardized its vocabulary and grammar system with Henan dialect as the standard in history. There are great similarities between Henan dialect and other northern dialects in China, so people all over the country can basically understand Henan dialect.

Henan dialect includes Henan Province 17 provincial cities, Jiyuan City 1 provincial cities, 2 1 county-level cities, 89 counties, 48 municipal districts, 2 cities and counties in southern Hebei Province, 3 1 city and county in southwestern Shandong Province, 28 cities and counties in Fenhe River Basin in southwestern Shanxi Province, and Anhui Province. In addition to Henan dialect north of Xi 'an Road, Henan immigrants often form their own dialects in foreign lands. For example, in the early days of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, Henan people immigrated from Xichuan, Henan Province to Chaihu, Hubei Province. After more than 30 years, these immigrants still speak Henan dialect. If people are distinguished by language and cultural identity, they will undoubtedly become "Henan people" from Hubei.

Henan dialect is distributed in the vast area north of the main stream of Huaihe River in Henan Province. Henan dialect in Huaibei is popular, whether it is Anyang and Xinxiang in northern Henan, Luoyang in western Henan, Nanyang in southwestern Henan, Kaifeng in eastern Henan, etc. Henan dialect belongs to Central Plains Mandarin. Xinyang dialect in Huainan is distributed in the south of Xinyang County and Luoshan, Guangshan, Xinxian, Huangchuan, Gushi and Shangcheng in the middle and east of Xinyang. Xinxian and luoshan county in the south of Xinyang County have Hubei accents, while Gushi and Shangcheng in the east have strong Anhui accents. The main difference between Henan dialect and Mandarin is tone. The accent in most areas is very close to Mandarin, but the tone is different, but this difference does not affect the communication with people who can understand Mandarin, and everyone who can understand Mandarin can understand it.

The representative dialect of modern times is the standard Henan dialect, which is homophonic with Mandarin, mellow and tortuous, and is used in the dialogue of Henan Opera programs, but there is actually no user group. The standard Henan dialect was formed on the basis of Zhengzhou dialect. Along the Beijing-Guangzhou railway, it reaches Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province in the north and Zhumadian in the south, with an accent close to Zhengzhou dialect. There are Luoyang dialect, Luoyang old town dialect, western Henan mountain dialect, eastern Henan dialect and Xinyang dialect.

The formation and development of Henan dialect;

First, the Yellow Emperor defeated Yan Di, and together they defeated Dongyi. The descendants of the Chinese people in the western North China Plain and the Weihe Plain gradually merged into China, and Xia and Ji were two branches of China. Xia Dynasty ruled the western part of the Central Plains (Henan Province, southern Shanxi Province), and its language was the primitive Huaxia language with the fusion of Yan and Huang. Thistle ruled Beijing, and the language was the original Huaxia language of the Yellow Emperor.

Secondly, Shang language was originally a Dongyi language with profound Chinese culture, which was popular in the eastern part of the Central Plains (now southwest Shandong-southern Hebei-northern Henan-northern Anhui-Xuzhou). After the Shang Dynasty ruled the Central Plains for hundreds of years, it gradually merged with the Xia dialect of the Central Plains into the embryonic form of the Central Plains Mandarin today-Huaxia dialect.

Thirdly, Huaxia, which was pronounced in Luoyang as the standard, later became the elegant language used in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The language of The Book of Songs is elegant language, and Confucius teaches in elegant language instead of Shandong dialect. Confucius became a pioneer in promoting Mandarin. During the Qin Dynasty, cultural policies such as "the same language but not the same name" were implemented, which politically ensured the spread of national languages in the same language. Elegant language in Han Dynasty evolved into "lingua franca, lingua franca", and Dialect compiled by Yang Xiong in Western Han Dynasty explained dialects in "lingua franca", which was the first dialect book in China. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the "common language" based on Luoyang pronunciation spread from the Central Plains to the north and Jiangzuo area. According to the biography of Wang Qian in Xianyang, Shu Wei, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty ordered him to "break the nonsense" and use the accent (Luoyang dialect). In the Southern Song Dynasty, the capital was established in Jinling (now Nanjing). At that time, Jinling dialect was a continuation of Luoyang dialect.

Fourthly, Yang Di Yang Guang moved tens of thousands of wealthy businessmen dajia from all over the country to Luoyang with Luoyang as its capital, and promoted pronunciation and orthography represented by Luoyang. In the Tang Dynasty, Luoyang dialect was still regarded as the basis of the same language of the Han nationality. Such as Confucius' Notes on the Classics, Han Yu's and Liu Zongyuan's literary creation activities. , promoted the widespread spread of the writing form of * * * in the Han nationality. During the imperial examination in the Tang Dynasty, the composition of fu poetry also put forward phonetic requirements, that is, it should conform to the standard of Qieyun, which was handed down from Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and took Luoyang as the standard pronunciation. The capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (now Kaifeng), Luoyang dialect and Bianjing dialect are very close, and the voice circulating in the two places is called "Elegant Sounds in the Central Plains". Hangzhou was the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the influence of Yayin in the Central Plains also expanded in Hangzhou, so that today's Hangzhou dialect has many similarities with the Central Plains Mandarin. However, at that time, Luoyang dialect was still in the position of standard pronunciation, "Luoyang is the only place in the Central Plains, and its pronunciation is the most correct" (Note on the Old Learning Temple in Luyou, Volume 6). The voice of the Central Plains in the Northern Song Dynasty was basically stereotyped, which is almost exactly the same as today's Henan dialect. The reason why Northern Mandarin is similar to today's Henan dialect is that the northern Mandarin area has long standardized its vocabulary and grammar system with Henan dialect as the standard in history.