An overview of the village.

Village is a low-level form in the development of human settlements, because people mainly focus on agriculture, which is also called countryside. This is the only way to an advanced residential area-urban residential area. Including all villages and rural market towns with a small number of industrial enterprises and commercial service facilities, but not up to the standard of established towns. In agricultural or forest areas, villages are usually fixed; In pastoral areas, there are both settled settlements, seasonal settlements and nomadic tent settlements; In the fishing area, there is also a boatman village with boats as the living room. Village settlement generally fixed residential areas can be divided into reunion type (village gathering), that is, block settlement (group village; Decentralized, that is, scattered villages, are restricted by economic, social, historical and geographical conditions, and villages with a long history are mostly reunion. Village settlement originated in the middle of Paleolithic Age and gradually evolved with the progress of human civilization. Under the primitive commune system, the village settlement with clan as the unit is a pure agricultural village community. Rural settlement has always been the main form of settlement. After entering the capitalist society, cities or urban settlements have developed widely, and rural settlements have gradually lost their advantages and become the bottom part of the settlement system.

The Book of Ancient Emperors in China was compiled by the author Yuhu Jiuqian, who studied and studied ancient history. The book mainly includes the emperors of various periods in ancient China, from Pangu in the mythical period to Ying Zheng, the king of Qin at the end of the Warring States Period. * * * earned 365 emperors in various periods in ancient times. The source of the village is mentioned in the book: "The sage Sui appeared. He first invented' drilling wood to get fire', ending the history of human beings relying on the sky to get fire, and then he invented' flint to get fire', which made it very easy to get fire ... So, Sui built the earliest village in the history of China in his own residence, which usually refers to fixed settlements, and only a few of them are mobile. Settlements are composed of various buildings, structures, roads, green spaces, water sources, rural areas and other material elements. One of the biggest characteristics of villages is that people take land resources as the production object, and "relying on the sky to eat" is its true portrayal. For example, the large long houses of Iban people in Borneo, the mounds in western China, caves in the Loess Plateau, underground or semi-underground houses in arid areas such as Central Asia and North Africa, and tents in nomadic areas are all special village settlement forms.

Village settlements can be divided into farming settlements, forestry settlements, pastoral villages, fishing villages and villages with more than two kinds of activities according to agricultural departments. According to the plane shape, it can be divided into reunion type (gathering village); Scattered, that is, dotted settlements (scattered villages). It is restricted by economic, social, historical and geographical conditions. Villages with a long history are mostly reunion, and regional immigrant villages with late development are often loose.

Therefore, in this sense, villages generally refer to the phenomenon that residential houses are concentrated in living areas, which are usually mainly distributed in plains and basins, including large natural villages. The population is relatively concentrated, and patches of residential buildings form buildings. The building density of villages in plain areas is higher than that of natural villages. "Village" is often used as a term of residential landform in northern China, which is related to the topography of the northern plain. Urban "residential area"-an area where residents live in concentration, is often named as "village" and "village", such as "residential new village", "village in the city" and "remote village". Therefore, in a broad sense, a village refers to the phenomenon that people get together and live together in life and production. In the remote areas of northern China, villages are still inhabited by clans with surnames. This is a village form in a narrow sense. This paper mainly discusses the village form in a narrow sense. A large "village" can include one or more villages (administrative villages) or form a market town. Many villages have formed modern towns (administrative towns). 1) is an inevitable pursuit for human beings to adapt to natural conditions and development, and it is one of the basic needs for human beings to live together. In the early production and life activities of human beings, people found that living together can make use of the collective strength to carry out mutual assistance and cooperation, and better achieve the purposes of defense, reproduction, access to resources, and thus form settlements. The development of human settlements is closely related to the survival and evolution of human beings, and it is the result of constantly adapting to the changing environment and winning in the competition. From digging holes in the wild to building houses, mankind has gone through a long process of millions of years.

2) Forming Historical Conditions With the development of agricultural production, the first great division of labor appeared in human society, agriculture and animal husbandry were separated, human beings began to settle down, and rural settlements appeared. At this time, it has changed from migrant agriculture to settled agriculture. The original villages are temporary and mobile, and can be changed at any time. Later, with the development of production and the improvement of lifestyle, human beings gradually settled down in a certain place, forming a fixed and group-based settlement form. 2. The relationship between village form and geographical environment. Villages have different forms, whether strip villages or multilateral villages, which are formed under certain natural conditions and are greatly influenced by natural factors.

In the process of settlement, various villages have been formed one after another, and the village forms in different regions are also different.

Village site selection often requires good microclimate, safety, disaster prevention, land, water, forest and so on. But the key points are mainly two points: first, the environment should have a sense of territory, such as Qukou Village, with Ji Mountain in the north, Leifeng Mountain in the west and Phoenix Mountain in the east. In addition, "carrying water" can also create a sense of territory, such as Gaodong, LAM Raymond, Tangwan, West Bank and other villages. The mountains around the village site are not only closed, but also generally symmetrical and layered. Secondly, there should be a conical peak nearby, often in the southeast of the village. This sharp peak is Wenbi Peak, and then a pond is dug in front of the village, and the right to use Wenbi Peak is cast in it, which means "pen dipped in ink". Cangpo, Zhang Yu and other villages have such biogas digesters.

The basic pattern of building site selection is that the back of the mountain faces the water, which is related to the mountainous terrain in China. The village is surrounded by mountains and waters, and the best combination of natural elements forms a good living environment, which is considered as a "living" place in Feng Shui theory. Generally speaking, the ideal geomantic treasure land is preferably horseshoe-shaped, surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the geomantic acupoints are at the foot of the main peak. The mountain shows the trend of some auspicious animals. There is an open area near the water in front of the cave, surrounded by rivers and streams like a golden belt. The cave itself is dry in Gao Shuang, and its direction is naturally sunrise. It is not difficult to imagine that a natural environment with such conditions is of course ideal for human survival.