What is the Xu family culture?

Jia Jia, hanyu pinyin.

In the old days, the water residents and fishermen distributed in the tributaries of the lower reaches of the Pearl River were called Tujia people.

The origin of Tujia family can't be verified. One is the early southern Han nationality whose families such as Guangfu and Hakka in the Pearl River Delta reached the Pearl River Delta; First, it is a special folk body formed by the southern water people such as Gu Yue or Gu Li who were rejected by the land people and drifted at sea for many years. It is not an independent nation, but a collective name of coastal water residents in China, belonging to the Han nationality.

Some people think that "Tujia" is called "Tujia" because Tujia people take boats as their home all the year round and live at sea, such as eggshells drifting at sea. Some people think that Yi family members struggle with the wind and waves at sea all the year round, living in a sinister environment and having a unique means of making a living. Their lives are insecure and fragile as eggshells, so they are called Yi family.

Wedding of family members Family members are mainly engaged in fishing and water transportation in coastal ports. They have been wandering around the house for generations, keeping company with the water and fighting the wind and waves for a long time. They are called the greatest navigators in ancient China, also known as "domestic thieves", and "Gypsies" at sea because they are adrift at sea. In the early days of liberation, they almost became the 57th minority in China.

More than 2,000 years ago, Qin Shihuang sent 500,000 troops to conquer Lingnan, and the Central Plains people entered the Pearl River Delta on a large scale for the first time. Taking this as an opportunity, Zhao Tuo, the captain of Qin Dou, established Nanyue State on this land. Zhao Tuo implemented the national policy of "Harmony and Hundred Leaps", and a large number of Vietnamese leaders became senior officials in the imperial court. Vietnamese are the basic source of troops for the South Vietnamese army. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Nanyue fell in the war caused by anti-Han. In order to avoid the suppression of the Han army, thousands of Vietnamese fled the rivers and lived a life of floating houses-the descendants of these self-exiles are the main body of later generations, and their most remarkable life feature is to take boats as their home all their lives.

There are countless scattered descriptions of the family in ancient books. The earliest recorded words can be found in the inscription written by Wang Bo, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, when he passed by Guangzhou: "The dialect is still full of savage sounds, and the city is still an asshole." The words "barbarian" and "barbarian" in the sentence show that the indigenous family is different in the concept of the Central Plains people who settled in Guangzhou in the early days. In the past, the family members were not recognized by the residents living on the land, and the government did not register the floating fishermen. They have no household registration, which is equivalent to the leader of Noda. After their death, they were not allowed to be buried on land, so they had to be buried in the sand mountains formed by the beach. After the heavy rain, some sand graves were exposed, and wild dogs competed for food, which was inhuman.

There are still people singing in Sha Tin: People in Sha Tin run with firewood, and they are not allowed to walk barefoot in the street. Ships rot due to bitter water and salt tide, and bodies are buried in the vast sea.

As a result, Jia Su was despised by people on the shore, such as not wearing shoes, not building a house, not marrying people on the shore and so on. Its constraints are as strong as official regulations.

The prejudice of historians is no less than that of three aunts and six grandmothers, so that the Yi family has a history without recording it. Even if talents emerge, they are buried heavily. Only in modern times did two people shine, one was Xian Xinghai, a people's musician, and the other was Liu Jiwen, an old classmate of Harvard in Song Ziwen, the legendary first boyfriend of Song Meiling, and the mayor of Guangzhou in the early 1930s. People on the shore in Guangfu area are very proud and don't know it. In fact, their daily life is greatly influenced by their families.

The first is Cantonese. Contemporary academic circles have * * * knowledge, confirming that the source of Guangzhou dialect is the fusion of ancient Chinese in the Central Plains and ancient Vietnamese in Lingnan. This judgment is correct, but it lacks generality. For example, the Yao language in northern Guangdong, which has nothing to do with Guangzhou dialect, is also the originator of the ancient Yue language. Wang Bo, an ancient man quoted earlier, said that it was Ding Dingmao: the "Guyue dialect" integrated into Guangzhou dialect specifically refers to the departments run by Yi people.

Secondly, eating snakes, eating raw fish, frying snails, boat porridge, yam rhizome cloth popular for a long time in the old society, salty water songs infiltrated by Guangfu folk art, and even the traditional building "Gan Lan" with obvious origin relationship with the arcade, people on the shore also copied it from the boat.

In addition, Sun Kun, a great poet in Nanhai County in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in detail in his "Guangzhou Song": "There is a breeze on the mother's head, and the guest is a crow!" One spot is enough to see the whole leopard. Will people on the shore be "curious" because of their aesthetic practice of women?

The historic contribution of ancient Central Plains immigrants to the Yi family may be the title itself. "Jia Jia" was originally "Egg Jia". The pronunciation of "egg" comes from the ancient Vietnamese. The evidence is that Zhuang people, both descendants of Guyue nationality, still call boats Ding in Zhuang language.

The Zhongyuan people who first came to the Pearl River Delta in the south called the Vietnamese who had already lived by boat Dan, which was Ding's mistake. The Yue people have no written language, and the Central Plains people regard the ideographic character dàn as a symbol-Yan as the phonetic side (such as the birth of "Christmas"), and the insulting "worm" as the morphological side. This word has been used for a long time. Because of its rarity, it was later replaced by the homonym "egg". Today, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan academic circles still use the word "egg" when discussing related issues; In Chinese mainland, considering the negative influence of "worm" as a compound glyph, the relevant departments standardized the word "egg" in Xinhua Dictionary published by 1965 (according to the folklore of "egg"). As for the suffix "home", it has always been the original language, referring to a certain type of people. So the original meaning of "home" is "the kind of person who lives on a boat"

Until the 1950s, the banks of the Pearl River in Guangzhou were still full of boats, and its spectacular lineup was a scenic spot in Guangzhou. But today, the younger generation in Guangzhou no longer know what home is. Because in the 1960s, as a social category, there were 65,438+10,000 people in Guangzhou registered permanent residence ashore, distributed in Sanma Road, Binjiang East Road and Nan 'an Road in Dashatou, and integrated with the people on the shore.

However, in some Cantonese proverbs we often say, the trace of Yi family has been flashing. The first sentence is "You can't drink water". Chickens are also eaten and raised at home, but only in cages. Chickens can see the green water outside the cage all day, but they can't peck. In this situation, some family members have been sighing for generations. The original intention of this proverb is to describe people's helplessness to what they expect, but its metaphor shows the sadness of the past.

The other sentence is "pull people into the boat" (pull: grab; Clip: both). This is a humorous summary of the government's law enforcement process by people in Guangdong and Central China. When the crime happened, the client was arrested, which symbolized that the home ownership plan of the property involved was seized, which is not surprising; Strangely, why not say "seal the house" on the shore and say "seal the ship" on the river, the proportion is much smaller? Without him, this strange overview highlighted the deep-rooted discrimination and prejudice of social concepts at that time.

Guangdong customs believe in ghosts and gods, and the wind is particularly strong. There are many taboos because of the danger of boating. The Jia family is afraid that the water ghost will find a pair of bodies. When they see people drowning, they often stand by and dare not rescue them. The family thinks that women are filthy and are not allowed to cross the bow; The family is afraid of capsizing. When eating fish, spread the fish on the plate until all the fish on both sides are eaten, and don't turn the fish over. Don't put the spoon upside down on the table ... Many taboos at home are collectively called "taboos", and the lid is synonymous with boating. The unique idiom "taboo" is accepted by people on the shore and integrated into the mainstream of Cantonese dialect, which generally refers to "bad", "trouble" and "bad" in life.