The real causes and social background of the outbreak of civil war (invite experts)

This is a very detailed question. It seems that you have done a deep study on it.

Let me talk about it as a whole. The abolitionist movement is only the superficial cause of the civil war, but in fact, the deeper reason lies in the political and economic contradictions between the northern and southern States of the United States. The United States was originally founded by European immigrants. The first batch of immigrants naturally chose the southern region with superior natural conditions and took the traditional agricultural-led economic development road. Later immigrants had to go to the northern region with poor natural conditions, cold climate and poor land because they had no foothold in the southern region; Because of the poor agricultural conditions in the north, an economic model based on urban industry and commerce has been formed in the north.

At first, the white poor were the main labor force in south china agriculture. Later, with the land annexation, a large number of farmers in the south went bankrupt and plantation agriculture rose. With the rise of slave trade, hardworking and cheap slaves gradually replaced white farmers and became the main labor force in the south; This formed slave plantation agriculture in the United States.

Due to the characteristics of agriculture, at the beginning of the founding of the United States, the southern States were strong, while the southern States were strong and powerful, which made great contributions to American independence. Therefore, in the distribution of interests at the beginning of the founding of the United States, the South occupied a large share. For example, most of the founding presidents of the United States came from Virginia, which was called "Virginia Dynasty" in history. In fact, the road to the founding of the United States is not what some scholars say. All forces pursue the lofty ideal of freedom and equality. In fact, representatives of all states in the United States are fighting for the interests of their own states, and the competition is even; However, these representatives won the principle of "negotiation and compromise" in the European democratic system, so they finally ensured the smooth convening of the founding congress. For example, we all know that the American constitution stipulates that blacks have the right to vote, but it can only be counted as three-fifths of whites; This provision clearly violates the spirit of the Constitution. Usually we think that slave owners in the south don't allow black slaves to have equal voting rights, but it's not. Because, in a democratic country, population is a very important factor. The more people, the more votes. At that time, the total population in the south of the United States was larger than that in the north, but if there were more people than whites, there would be more people in the north; Therefore, the south insists on giving blacks the right to vote and giving them an advantage; North Korea expressed its opposition. As a result of the compromise between the two sides, the voting rights of blacks are calculated by three fifths, so that the north and the south are roughly equal.

Nearly a hundred years later, the contradiction between the north and the south in the United States has intensified. In the westward movement, the northern forces established a free state in the west, and the south established a slave-holding state in tit-for-tat manner; Finally, in order to avoid excessive fighting between the two sides, the two sides negotiated a Missouri compromise plan, which delineated a north-south border; Later, in the famous "Scott case", the US Supreme Court recklessly broke the political balance between the North and the South, which eventually led to the outbreak of the civil war.

Although the civil war broke out because of the idea of abolishing slavery, it was ultimately economic factors. According to the economic differences between the north and the south, the north eventually developed into a capitalist industrial and commercial economy, while the south continued to maintain a capitalist agricultural plantation economy. As we all know, the development of capitalist industrial and commercial economy needs a necessary factor, that is, "colony", and the essence of colony is "raw material producing area and commodity dumping market". As a rising country, the United States faces the same dilemma as other rising countries, that is, developed countries such as Britain and France have almost carved up the world. At that time, the United States was weak, how could it compete with old capitalist countries such as Britain and France for colonies? Therefore, the United States has to look to China, because China has a ready-made "colony"-the southern United States. The economy of the southern United States is very developed, but because there is no industry, the products it produces must be sold to the industrialized areas, and the industrial products necessary for local life must be imported from the industrial areas. At that time, the industry in the north of the United States had just started, and the natural competition could not compete with the industries in European countries. We could only watch the resources and money from the south flow into Europe! In order to reverse this situation and let the resources in the south serve the north, the northern forces adopted the policy of controlling the federal government and adopting tariff protection. As a result, tariffs have increased, the import and export costs of the South have increased, and the industrial competitiveness of European countries has declined relatively, so the South has to provide its own resources to the North. On the other hand, the south naturally competes with the federal government, hoping to reduce tariffs and protect the interests of the States. Tariff war on both sides quickly rose to a war of propaganda and public opinion. Because of the slave problem, the Southern States are in an increasingly disadvantageous position in tariff war. Faced with the fate of being a northern colony, the southern States decided to fight to the death, and the civil war broke out.

In a word, the causes of the Civil War are extremely complicated, and the abolition of slavery is not the main reason. For example, Justice Tanny, who caused the civil war, was a famous abolitionist. He voluntarily liberated his slaves and paid for the old slaves. President Davis in the south, General Robert Lee, commander-in-chief of the southern army, and others are abolitionists. The Civil War is intertwined with various contradictions, such as the contradiction between the North and the South of the United States, the contradiction between federal rights and state rights, and the contradiction of abolishing slavery.

This is the answer to your question:

1. The outbreak of the Civil War is actually the inevitable result of the economic contradiction between the North and the South of the United States. The cause of the war was buried when the North American colonies were established. No matter how powerful European financial capitalists are, it is estimated that it is impossible to start planning the division of the United States when they spend time in Virginia in May. Of course, the division of the United States is beneficial to Europe. In the civil war, European countries sold weapons to the south in spite of the opposition of the US government. Otherwise, how can the south, whose industry is almost zero, arm its own army against the north? Therefore, it is still possible for European countries to use the North-South contradiction of the United States to provoke.

2. The civil war basically has nothing to do with religion, at least I didn't find relevant information.

The most basic reason is the economic problem I mentioned earlier. In addition, one of my brothers studying in America told me not to say what America is easily. Because the United States is too complicated, the United States is an immigrant country, and the cultures of various countries and ethnic groups blend together. There are egoists in America, but there are also many people who are willing to die for their ideals and beliefs. American national culture is also in the process of continuous development, and it is not accurate to look at the United States at that time from the present perspective. For example, we all know that Americans know the rule of law very well and respect the law. However, after Justice Tanny made a judgment against the North at that time, he received an unprecedented cold reception. Not only was he insulted and attacked before his death, but he was not even buried after his death. It is the bleakest judge in America. Comparatively speaking, the harsh social environment in the United States at that time was similar to that in China during the Cultural Revolution, and everyone was keen on abolishing slavery.

4. This involves the problem of "Lincoln Green Coin" mentioned in Currency War. It is said that European financial capitalists supported the South at that time, and the US federal government could not obtain income and funds without the support of financial capitalists because of its "wonderful" financial system. Faced with this situation, Lincoln issued "Lincoln Green Coin". The characteristic of "green currency" is that there is no capital guarantee, but only government credit as guarantee, which makes the United States completely free from the control of financial capitalists. It was by relying on "green coins" that the federal government of the United States was able to win the civil war. However, when Lincoln planned to continue to promote green money, he touched the bottom line of financial capitalists, who would not allow the US government to get out of their control, so he assassinated Lincoln.

I know that Britain was the biggest intervention in the civil war at that time. Britain provided a large number of weapons and warships to the south, and even violated international law by allowing southern warships to dock in British ports for repairs. However, the Federal Government of the United States later issued the Declaration on the Emancipation of Slaves, which raised it to the height of the emancipation of slaves and gained great moral advantages, which made the opposition forces in Britain dissatisfied with the British government's involvement in the civil war even higher, and finally forced Britain to stop supporting the South. The severance of British support is also one of the important reasons for the failure of the South.