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First, the interpretation of textbooks

1. Short text.

This is a short story written by the famous Russian writer lev tolstoy. The text tells the story that Sang Na and the fisherman took the initiative to adopt two orphans of the late neighbor Simon on a cold night, which truly reflects the miserable life of the fisherman under the Russian autocratic system and praises the good quality that Sang Na and the fisherman would rather suffer than help others. The ideological content of this lesson has the following two main points:

The first is to show the poverty and misery of the poor in Russian times. Apart from the title, there is not a word "poor" in the full text, but we can really feel how poor the poor are. Sang Na's husband risked his life to go fishing for a family of seven, went out early in the morning and didn't return late at night; Sang Na works from morning till night by himself, and he can barely fill his stomach. It can be seen how difficult the life of the Sanna family is. Look at Simon's family again. Her husband passed away. On this cold night, she also died tragically in a bed made of straw. The room was wet and cold, and two helpless children were sleeping beside their dead mother. These descriptions are full of the author's feelings and make readers deeply feel the tragic fate of the poor.

The second is to praise the virtue of helping the poor. There is not a word of direct praise in the article, but it shows the noble quality of the poor people deeply. The adoption of orphans was originally a very touching thing, but the author arranged the adoption of orphans in Sang Na's home. Sang Na was a poor man with many children, and his life was very difficult and touching. After Sang Na brought back two orphans, the author described in detail her nervous and worried complex psychological activities. The objective reason for Sang Na's inner contradiction is that the life of the Sangna family is very difficult. Adopting two orphans is tantamount to adding another burden to the already extremely heavy life pressure. However, in the end, Mr. and Mrs. Sang Na made a decision to adopt orphans. When telling this story, the author did not flatter the characters, but rooted in the soil of reality and truly portrayed the inner world of the characters. Mr. and Mrs. Sang Na didn't say a brave word, but their kind and simple hearts deeply touched the readers.

The theme of this text is "the poor". The article reflects the poverty of Sang Na and Simon-living in poverty, lack of food, poor working conditions and illness, which is a true portrayal of the tragic life of Russian fishermen in the Russian period. It was in this pitiful situation that Sang Na and the fisherman made an incredible move: on the basis of their five children, they took the initiative to adopt two orphans of Simon. It is through such examples that the author eulogized the noble quality that the poor would rather suffer than help others, and strongly criticized the degeneration and corruption of the upper class at that time.

This article is very distinctive in writing. Through the description of the environment, characters' psychology and dialogue, vivid characters are portrayed. The description of the environment strongly shows the hero's industrious and kind character. The description of Sang Na's psychological activities truly shows Sang Na's inner world and depicts a caring and helpful poor working woman. The dialogue between the fisherman and Sang Na has a distinct personality, which appropriately expresses the true feelings of the characters. The fisherman's words showed his frank and helpful qualities. Sang Na, on the other hand, reacted cautiously and spoke intermittently, which showed her nervous heart and also reflected her kind qualities of loving her husband and sympathizing with Simon.

The text has clear paragraphs and unique structure. Starting from Sang Na's inner contradiction, this paper sets two suspense questions around the adoption of Simon's two orphans: Did the fisherman go home safely? Can fishermen agree to adopt a child after returning home? The two suspense alternately unfold and gradually disappear, thus pushing the story forward. This treatment makes the full text magnificent and exciting, showing the author's superb artistic skills.

The purpose of writing this text is to let students master the content of the text, feel the diligence, simplicity and kindness of sauna and fishermen, and learn the virtue that they would rather suffer than help others. Second, through the description of the environment, characters' psychology and dialogue, learn the author's writing methods of portraying characters and expressing true feelings.

2. Text analysis.

Understanding of (1) sentence.

Her heart beat so violently that she didn't know why she did it, but she felt she had to.

"Doing this" is to adopt Simon's two orphans and bring them up. When Sang Na visited Simon, he was surprised to find that Simon had passed away, leaving two young children-one can't speak yet, and the other just learned to crawl. Faced with Simon's tragic experience, Sang Na instinctively brought two orphans back to his home. "I don't know why I did this" and "I think I was forced to do this" seem to be contradictory, which actually reflects Sang Na's kind quality of sympathy and care for the poor.

She thought nervously, "What will he say? Is this a joke? His five children are enough for him ... is he here? ..... No, not yet! ..... Why did you bring them here? ..... He will hit me! That's what I deserve, I deserve it ... well, beat me up! "

"Uneasy" means uneasy. "Uneasy" describes mental instability. After Sang Na brought back the orphans, she faced her five children and thought about her husband whose life and death were uncertain. She was nervous and worried. She doesn't know what her husband will say. She felt that she had added a burden to her husband and felt sorry for him. She was worried about her husband's sudden return and didn't know how to tell him about bringing the orphan home. But she would rather let her husband beat her up than adopt an orphan. The text truly shows Sang Na's psychological activities at this time. Through Sang Na's psychological activities, readers can fully feel the pressure brought by life to Sang Na, and feel the beautiful heart that Sanna loves her husband and sympathizes with orphans, and would rather suffer than help others. Arouse readers' attention to the future fate of Sang Na.

The continuous use of ellipsis shows that Sang Na's psychological activities at that time were intermittent, vividly writing Sang Na's uneasy psychology.

(3) ... Sang Na was silent.

"Silence" is silence. When Sanna spoke to the fisherman, he was silent twice. Sang Na and the fisherman were silent at the same time for the first time. The fisherman went home and his fishing net was broken. Facing her husband who had just struggled from death, Sang Na didn't know how to tell him about the adoption of orphans, so she chose silence. The fisherman is still immersed in the horror of fighting the waves, and still has a lingering fear. Seeing that Sang Na was silent, he stopped talking. The second time, Sang Na told her husband the news of Simon's death. She was waiting for her husband's decision, so she was silent again. Sang Na's two silences reflected Sang Na's kind heart.

The fisherman frowned and his face became serious and worried. "Well, it's a problem!" He scratched his head and said, "Well, what do you think? We have to bring them here. We can't stay with the dead! Oh, we, we can always get through this! Let's go Don't wait for them to wake up. "

"Frowning" and "looking serious and worried" indicate that fishermen find the problem very difficult. "Scratching the back of the head" shows that he is seriously considering it, which vividly shows that the fisherman thinks the problem is serious. "Well, what do you think?" This is a fisherman asking his wife for advice. "We must bring them here and stay with the dead!" This is the fisherman's initial decision. "Oh, we, we can always get through it!" "Endure" means to endure (a painful or hard life). It shows that fishermen are prepared to live a harder life and work harder to raise their neighbors' children. "Let's go! Don't wait for them to wake up. " The fisherman was afraid that the child would wake up and be frightened, so he urged Sang Na to hold the child. This passage describes in detail the fisherman's thinking process before and after making a decision, which shows that he, like his wife Sang Na, has a noble heart that is willing to help others even if he suffers.

(5) But Sang Na sat still.

"What's the matter with you? Don't think what's wrong with you, Sang Na? "

"Look, here they are." Sang Na opened the curtains.

The suspense of the article was finally eliminated, and the reader's hanging heart was finally put down. Her husband's understanding made Sang Na immersed in excitement, excitement and comfort. This "motionless" action appropriately expressed her mood at that time, received a calm and restless effect, gave people room for aftertaste, and showed the author's superb artistic expression ability.

(2) Understanding of words.

Wuthering: It describes that the sea breeze makes a high and long sound, indicating that the cold wind is fierce.

Complain: complain.

Self-inflicted: I did something wrong and the result was not good. Suffer: endure.

Big: Strong and tall (physically).

Unlucky: something bad happened; Have a bad experience.

Worried: worried.

Second, the teaching objectives

1. Learn 12 new words. Correctly read and write the words "comfortable, shelved, reluctant, complaining, listening, lifting, burly, torn, unlucky, serious, worried, wet, jumping, talking to myself, suffering from myself, sewing". Copy sentences describing the environment.

2. Read the text silently, understand the content of the text, feel the diligence, simplicity and kindness of the sauna and fishermen, and learn the virtue that they would rather suffer than help others.

3. Through the dialogue and psychological description between the environment and the characters, learn the author's writing style of expressing the characters' quality.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. Before teaching this lesson, teachers should read aloud and prepare lessons. Pay attention when reading aloud: descriptive sentences, such as the description of the weather at the beginning of the text, should be read slowly. The psychology and dialogue of characters should reflect their personalities and moods on different occasions. For example, Sang Na's nervous psychological activities after bringing her children back are full of fear, self-blame and determination. Another example is the conversation between Sang Na and the fisherman after the fisherman came back. Sang Na began to answer her husband in fear, then described Simon's family forcibly and calmly, and finally told her husband with relief that the orphan was coming. The fisherman was first afraid of the weather, then shocked by Simon's death, and finally made the adoption decision in fear. Pay attention to reading aloud with emotion.

2. Learning this article focuses on understanding the beautiful mind of the characters from the description of the environment, the psychology of the characters and the dialogue. Teaching can refer to the following ideas:

(1) Examine the questions to solve doubts and understand the text. After class, teachers can guide students to ask questions around the topic and stimulate students' interest in reading this article. For example, "Why use' poor people' as the topic?" "Does this text only write about the poverty of the poor?" Then let the students read the text with questions. Students learn new words by themselves in the process of reading the text and solve some simple problems independently. This article is very long, and some paragraphs are difficult to read. For example, in the ninth paragraph, Sang Na's psychological activities. In class, teachers can ask students to talk about which paragraphs are difficult to read first, then arrange time for students to practice freely, and finally read the paragraphs by name to help students read the text. If students can't read fluently, teachers can read model essays appropriately.

(2) Summarize the content of the text and grasp the text as a whole. After reading the text, let the students read the text silently and think about what the text mainly says. Because the text is long, it is not easy for students to make it clear at once when summarizing the content of the text. Students should be allowed to make things clear step by step. On this basis, guide students to divide the full text into three parts. The first part: Paragraph 1~2 of the text tells that Sang Na, the fisherman's wife, is waiting anxiously in the cabin at night when the cold wind is howling, waiting for her husband who went fishing at sea to come home. The second part: Paragraph 3~ 1 1 of the text tells that Sang Na went out to visit her husband's fishing boat, and as a result, he went into Simon's house and unexpectedly found Simon dead. She took home the two orphans left by Simon, and then continued to wait for her husband in fear and trembling. The third part: paragraphs 12~27 of the text tell that the fisherman came home and learned that Simon had died, and offered to adopt the orphan. The couple's ideas coincide. Understand the difficulty of Sang Na's decision to adopt orphans.

(3) Learn deeply and feel the personality quality. Let the students find out the sentences describing the characters' environment, dialogue and psychology from the text through careful study, and realize the noble quality of the poor. In teaching, we should pay attention to the complicated psychological activities of sauna after taking orphans home and the dialogue between sauna and fishermen, and organize students to conduct in-depth research. In the part of carrying the orphan home, Sang Na focused on the sentence "Her heart was beating so hard that she didn't know why she did it, but she felt compelled to do it" to understand the meaning of "doing it" in the context and understand Sang Na's kind quality from this contradictory psychology. Understanding Sang Na's complex psychological activities is not only the focus of teaching, but also the difficulty of teaching. When teaching, the teacher first gives students enough time to read the sentences describing Sang Na's psychological activities, and then organizes exchanges: What did Sang Na think of while waiting for her husband? Why do you think of this? Through discussion, it is clear that Sang Na's family is poor, and Sanna loves her husband and sympathizes with orphans, so she has such complicated psychological activities. At the same time, it is obvious that although Sang Na's inner activities are very complicated, her determination to adopt orphans has not wavered. Then ask the students to read the sentences describing psychological activities again to understand the function of ellipsis. Finally, through various forms of reading aloud, we can further understand Sang Na's noble qualities. In the dialogue between Sang Na and the fisherman, we should focus on reading and understand the different meanings of the two "silences" in reading. Read aloud and read out their different personalities.

In the process of learning, we should strengthen students' emotional reading. Sang Na's complicated psychological activities and her conversation with her husband are the focus of reading aloud. Teachers can let students try how to read well according to the hints of punctuation marks, then share their experiences with you, and then read aloud repeatedly to read the true feelings of the characters, and finally let students report and read aloud. There should be various forms of reading aloud, and teachers should play the role of demonstration reading when necessary.

3. The description of environment in this paper includes not only weather description, but also Sang Na and Simon. These environmental descriptions set off the beautiful qualities of sauna and fisherman from the side. Teaching should be combined with the understanding of adopting orphans. Read aloud and ask the students to find out the sentences about environmental description. Think about "What role does environmental description play in shaping the image of sauna and fisherman"? Let the students speak freely. Finally, ask students to extract sentences describing the environment and accumulate them.

4. Practice writing after class: Continue to write The Poor. When Sang Na told her husband that she had brought the children home, the words came to an abrupt end. What will happen to the child? How will Sang Na and the fisherman lead the children through one difficulty after another? These problems affect students' hearts. When teaching, the teacher should first tell the students: when continuing to write, we should grasp the main line of the story and the personality characteristics of the characters. No matter what the final development looks like, the main line cannot be changed, and the ideological quality of the characters cannot be fundamentally changed. Then encourage students to imagine and create boldly, and hold group discussions when necessary. Then ask the students to write an imaginary story. Finally, organize students to communicate. For example, by holding short story meetings, publishing picture books in publicity columns, and arranging textbook plays, students can show their works to everyone and stimulate their interest in writing.

5. Ellipsis is used in many places in the text, and its main functions are: (1) indicates that psychological activities are intermittent. For example, "she thought nervously," what would he say? Is this a joke? His five children are enough for him ... is he here? ..... No, not yet! ..... Why did you bring them here? ..... He will hit me! I deserve it, I deserve it ... "All right, beat me up!" "(2) indicates the number of omitted increments. For example, "The ancient clock struck dumb ten times, eleven times ..." (3) means semantic jump. For example, "thank god, I finally came back alive. ..... What were you doing at home when I was away? " 4 stuttering, awkward. For example, the usage of "I" ... sewing ... "can be combined with text learning.

6. New words and phrases are generally taught by students themselves. Teachers can remind students to correctly pronounce "complaining, lifting and worrying". "Left" is a polyphonic word. Read "Zu" in "Self-inflicted". The glyph guides students to distinguish: the difference between "resentment" and "sacrifice". The upper part of "Kui" is a semi-closed structure, and the word "Dou" should be written in the vertical hook.

7. Teachers can introduce the background of text writing and the author lev tolstoy's situation to students based on their own understanding of the poor life of Sang Na and Simon.

Fourth, teaching cases.

Try to figure out psychological activities and cultivate emotional reading

Teacher: Students, out of sympathy and concern for orphans, kind Sang Na resolutely took them home and let them sleep with their five children. Looking at seven children and thinking about her uncertain husband, what did Sang Na think of? Please read paragraph 9~ 1 1 freely.

Students can read the text freely. )

Teacher: What did Sang Na think when she waited for her husband to come back?

Health: What does Sang Na think her husband will say when he comes back? She was worried that her husband would not agree to adopt two orphans.

Health: Sang Na thinks that when her husband comes back, he may blame her and scold her for meddling and not caring about her family, which will bring difficulties to her family.

Health: She feels that this has added new pressure to her husband and is a little sorry for him.

Health: Sang Na thinks that her husband will beat himself up for adopting orphans. She thought she would be beaten up and let her husband vent his anger, so that she could adopt orphans.

Health: Sang Na is thinking about how she will tell her husband about her adoption of orphans when he comes back. She found it hard to say.

Teacher: In a short time, Sang Na thought a lot about adopting orphans. So how do you pronounce the sentence expressing Sang Na's psychological activities? Please read it yourself first.

Students are free to read paragraphs 9~ 1 1 of the text. )

Teacher: What do you think we should pay attention to in order to read these paragraphs well?

Health: There are many omissions in these paragraphs, so we should pay attention to the pause of omission.

Student: There are also many exclamation marks and question marks in the text. Pay attention to the tone of these sentences.

Teacher: Then please practice again according to your classmates' tips. Choose the sentences you read best and read them to your deskmate.

(Students read aloud. )

Verb (abbreviation for verb) related links

Lev tolstoy (1828— 19 10) is a great Russian writer. Born into an aristocratic family, he received a typical aristocratic education in his early years. 185 1 joined the army and soon began to write the novel Childhood. 1856 After he was discharged from the army, he made two trips abroad. From 65438 to 0863, it took six years to write the masterpiece War and Peace, and later it was written into Anna karenin, Resurrection and other famous works. His works are magnificent, with vast scenes, many characters, vivid and delicate psychological descriptions and simple and refined language, which have great influence in the history of world literature.

Tolstoy lived in Moscow in his later years. In winter, he personally used sledges to transport water and cut wood, and became a shoemaker. He insisted on physical exercise for many years, walking and doing gymnastics every day. At the age of 70, he can skate easily. At the age of 75, he is keen on cycling, and he can gallop on horseback in his 80 s. 19 10 10 she ran away from home because she hated the life of exploitation. Unfortunately, she got pneumonia and died at the station on June 7th.

Tolstoy attached importance to children's books. He founded an education magazine, published enlightenment textbooks, new enlightenment textbooks and Russian reading materials (1~4 volumes), and published more than 300 books. The language of the works is simple and the length is mostly short. The story is lively and interesting, with obvious implications and rich educational significance. For example, Meiren and the wolf are coming, and children all over the world are familiar with them. He also wrote Seven Diamonds, which was selected as a Chinese textbook for primary schools.

The writing background of "The Poor" is a period of unprecedented intensification of class contradictions in Russian history. The feudal serfdom gradually collapsed, and the voice of the broad masses of the people against the czar's autocracy grew louder and louder, gradually forming the climax of the Russian bourgeois democratic revolution. During this period, the nobility and bourgeoisie drained the people's blood and sweat, lived in luxury and lost their morality; The broad masses of working people live in extreme poverty, but their moral sentiments are noble and simple. The novel The Poor Man truly reflects the miserable life and noble character of the working people in this historical period.