What history of humiliation did Hong Kong suffer before its return to China?

On January 26th, 1841, after the First Opium War, Britain occupied Hong Kong Island. Afterwards, * * * tried to recover it by force, and Emperor Daoguang issued many edicts to this end, but the Qing Dynasty was still unable to defend its territorial integrity? .

On August 29th, 1842, the Qing Dynasty signed the unequal treaty of nanking (formerly known as Jiangning Treaty) with Britain, and ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain.

On October 24th, 186, China and Britain signed the unequal Beijing Treaty, ceding the area south of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula to Britain.

On June 9th, 1898, Britain forced Qing Dynasty to sign the Special Article on Expanding Hong Kong's Boundary (commonly known as "New Territories Lease"), and forcibly leased the area north of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula and south of Shenzhen River, as well as more than 2 islands, with a lease term of 99 years (ending on June 3th, 1997).

Through three treaties, Britain * * * occupied China territory with a total area of 1,92 square kilometers, including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories, which is now the whole area of Hong Kong.

On December 25th, 1941 (known as "Black Christmas Day" by Hong Kong people), during the Second World War, the Japanese army invaded Hong Kong, and the British troops stationed in Hong Kong were unable to resist. At that time, the Governor of Hong Kong, Yang Muqi, had no choice but to declare his surrender.

Hong Kong was occupied by Japan, and began a "period of Japanese rule" of three years and eight months.

On September 15th, 1945, after Japan's defeat, it signed a surrender letter in Hong Kong and withdrew from Hong Kong. Hong Kong was re-governed by Britain.

Extended information:

During World War I, Japan proposed 21 articles to China.

in 1931, the Japanese army occupied the three northeastern provinces and attempted to annex the northern provinces, which finally led to the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War in 1937.

In 1938, Guangzhou fell, and a large number of refugees poured into Hong Kong.

It is estimated that about 1, refugees arrived in Hong Kong in 1937, 5, in 1938 and 15, in 1939, increasing the population of Hong Kong to 1.6 million on the eve of World War II.

At the peak of the number of refugees arriving in Hong Kong, it is estimated that 5, people were displaced and slept on the streets.

on December 7, 1941, Japan attacked American warships in pearl harbor, and formally joined the second world war.

At about the same time, Japan attacked Hong Kong.

The Japanese army set out via Chinese mainland, and the British army was forced to leave the New Territories and Kowloon and retreat to Hong Kong Island.

At that time, the defenders, including the Hong Kong Volunteers, fought hard for a week, and finally surrendered on Christmas Day because they were outnumbered.

Japan occupied Hong Kong for three years and eight months.

during the occupation, trade stopped, the currency depreciated, and the grain transportation stopped, which seriously affected the services and public utilities.

Many Hong Kong people have taken refuge in the neutral Portuguese-owned Macao, and Macao has tried its best to accommodate them.

At the end of the Japanese occupation, in order to solve the food shortage, the Japanese expelled a large number of residents from the country.

Although Hong Kong residents are oppressed, most of them still support the Allied Front.

Guerrillas in China are roaming around the New Territories, and the fleeing allied personnel are also covered by villagers.

on August 14th, 1945, Japan announced its surrender.

News came that Zhan Sen, the Chief Secretary of Stanley Prison who was imprisoned during the occupation (later knighted), immediately organized a temporary * * *.

On August 3th, Rear Admiral Sir Shay arrived in Hong Kong with the British Pacific Fleet and set up a temporary army.

On May 1st, 1946, Governor Sir Yang Muqi returned to office, and Hong Kong officially resumed civil rule.