The second home is close at hand? The probe successfully prepared oxygen on another planet, and Hawking predicted it or came true.

Although there are countless exoplanets in the universe, there are more than 4, known exoplanets, and scientists have selected 24 "super livable" planets from these known exoplanets. Scientists believe that living on these "super livable" planets may be more comfortable than the earth. However, because these "super livable" planets are extremely far away from our earth, more than 1 light years away, such a long distance is beyond our reach in the future. Therefore, when choosing the "second home", at present, we can't include these "super livable" planets as candidates. Although it is impossible to reach the distant "super livable" planet, there is actually a potential "livable" planet in our solar system, which may become our second home, and that is Mars. Compared with the "super livable" planet 1 light years away, Mars, which is more than 55 million kilometers away recently, can be said to be close at hand.

Although both Mars and Earth are terrestrial planets in the livable zone of the solar system, there are many similarities between them, but there are also many differences. Compared with the earth, the temperature on the surface of Mars will be lower, and the atmosphere will be thinner (only about 1% of the density of the earth's atmosphere). Smaller mass means smaller gravity on the surface of Mars. In addition, the main components of the thin atmosphere of Mars are also very different from those of the earth. For example, the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Mars accounts for more than 95%, while the oxygen accounts for only .15%, and the oxygen content is almost negligible. The main components of our earth's atmosphere are 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen respectively. If we humans set foot on the surface of Mars, we can't breathe directly on the surface of Mars. But now the probe is sending back good news from Mars.

The Mars rover Perseverance is the first probe to successfully land on the surface of Mars this year. So far, the Mars rover Perseverance has been running on the surface of Mars for nearly two months. On April 19th, 221, Beijing time, the helicopter Wit, which arrived on Mars together with the Mars rover Perseverance, successfully took off from the surface of Mars, which is of great significance. Now, there is a new and biggest breakthrough on the Mars rover. The instrument of "Mars Oxygen in Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE)" carried by the Mars rover successfully converts the thin and carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere of Mars into oxygen. The principle of preparing oxygen is roughly as follows: oxygen atoms in carbon dioxide are separated to obtain products of oxygen and carbon monoxide, in which carbon monoxide is discharged into the atmosphere of Mars.

This is the first time that the rover Perseverance has produced oxygen on Mars. In one hour, the output of oxygen is only about 5 grams, which can be used for astronauts to breathe for 1 minutes. According to the design index, the instrument of "Mars oxygen in-situ resource utilization experiment (MOXIE)" of the Mars rover Yili should theoretically be able to achieve the output of 1 grams of oxygen per hour. This oxygen seems insignificant, because astronauts may need to consume 1 ton of oxygen to live on the surface of Mars for one year, but this experiment shows that we humans can extract oxygen from the atmosphere of Mars.

In addition to directly extracting oxygen from the atmosphere of Mars, we can also directly decompose the water of Mars to obtain oxygen and hydrogen. Although the environment of Mars looks extremely desolate and arid, there are still a lot of water and ice substances on this planet. By analyzing the data sent back by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the researchers found that in addition to a part of the ancient water of Mars escaping into outer space, a large amount of water was buried in the ground of Mars. If we can develop the water of Mars and combine it with the oxygen extracted from the atmosphere, it should theoretically meet the needs of some human beings to survive on Mars.

There are various indications that if the environment of Mars can be improved, it can meet the needs of our future migration to other planets to some extent. Mr. Hawking, a famous scientist, once predicted that our planet might face many challenges. Our way out is to emigrate to other planets. Once we successfully immigrate to Mars in the future, it means that Mr. Hawking's prediction of emigrating to other planets may come true.

Of course, emigrating to Mars is an extremely complicated process. First of all, we need to improve the environment of Mars, or build a closed Mars city on Mars, and then we can talk about emigrating to Mars. According to the current plan, maybe in the near future, humans may set foot on the surface of Mars. NASA plans to send astronauts to Mars in the mid-193s, while SpaceX plans to send 1 million people to Mars by 25. However, it is not clear whether these plans can be carried out as scheduled.