Ten-year changes in a place in Wanzhou

This year is the tenth year of Chongqing's direct administration. 10 years ago, more than 2,000 NPC deputies handed over a package of "catalysts" directly under the central government to Chongqing people, and more than 30 million Bayu children stirred up. 10 years later, looking back on yesterday, I can't help thinking, what changed the city powerfully? Who is describing the history of this city? What has the direct administration brought us? As a college student in a municipality directly under the Central Government, how can we add luster to the municipality directly under the Central Government? This paper will tell readers about Chongqing's achievements in the past ten years from the aspects of brief history, ten-year review, future prospect and the author's vision.

Keywords: Chongqing; Directly under the central government for ten years; Development; Three Gorges;

First, the historical evolution of Chongqing

Chongqing is a famous city with a long history and culture. As far back as the Paleolithic Age more than 20,000 years ago, human beings lived and multiplied in this land. By the Neolithic age, there had been dense primitive villages inhabited by eight ethnic groups: Yi, Pu, Ju, Slave, Bin, * *, (Rang) and (Dan). It is these earliest Chongqing residents who created the oldest historical civilization in Chongqing. About three or four thousand years ago, during the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, a powerful slave tribe alliance was formed in the vast area centered on Chongqing, which was collectively called "Ba".

The following picture briefly introduces the historical changes of Chongqing.

After the Revolution of 1911, 192 1 established a commercial port in Chongqing. Established in1929; 1on may 5, 935, the Kuomintang government issued an order to upgrade Chongqing to a municipality directly under the central government. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Kuomintang government moved westward to Chongqing.1June 1937,165438+1October, Chongqing was designated as the "wartime capital", and1June 1940, Chongqing was designated as the "supporting capital".

Second, emerging municipalities directly under the central government.

1March, 199714th, the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress passed a proposal to establish a municipality directly under the Central Government of Chongqing, giving it the historical mission of further giving play to the location advantages, leading role, window role and radiation role of a central city and promoting the economic and social development of southwest China and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. 400,000 laid-off workers, 6.5438+0.03 million immigrants and 3 million poor people. These are the three mountains that Chongqing must climb on the road of development. Horizontal comparison makes Chongqing people more sober: the per capita GDP of Shanghai, Beijing and Tianjin is 5 times, 3 times and 2.9 times higher than that of Chongqing respectively; Among the municipalities directly under the central government, Chongqing has only the "three best"-the largest area, the largest population and the worst economy. There are three major tasks in front of Chongqing people-building the economic center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, completing the work of millions of immigrants in the Three Gorges Project, and doing a good job in the experiment of urban belt with rural areas; It is the four major problems-immigration, poverty alleviation, transformation of old industrial bases and environmental pollution. Each problem is both an opportunity and a challenge for Ba Yuzi.

In just one year, 1998 Chongqing has made people feel the youth and activity of this municipality directly under the central government: the first phase of the Three Gorges Project was successfully completed; 165438+ 10,000 rural poor people out of poverty; The economy is increasingly active in structural adjustment; Urban construction is more colorful-more bridges, wider roads, brighter streets and modern city squares ... It is these exciting achievements that seem to tell the future of Chongqing and let us see the vibrant future of this new municipality.

Third, the natural barrier becomes a thoroughfare-ten years of traffic development

Chongqing is a mountain city, with mountains in the city and cities in the mountains. Jiangcheng Chongqing is built near the water, and the water passes through the city. Because the city is built on the mountain, there are many winding roads, steep slopes and narrow faces, and it is also known as "it is difficult to get through the Shu Road and it is difficult to get to the sky". At this time, the economy and technology are backward, and water transportation brings convenience to Chongqing. Li Bai, a poet of the first generation, once described it as "a thousand miles away in Jiangling, and it will be returned in one day", which shows the convenience of water transportation at that time. With the development of the city, the Jialing River, with its wide Yangtze River, has become a stumbling block to the development of Chongqing. 1997, there were only four bridges connecting the nine districts of the main city. Traffic has temporarily become an important factor restricting Chongqing's development.

In order to change the traffic in Chongqing, Chongqing people have been working hard. On September 25th, 2006, the double-track bridge of Chongqing Yangtze River Bridge was officially opened to traffic. After the double-track bridge was opened to traffic, the original Chongqing Shibanpo Yangtze River Bridge and the double-track bridge both traveled in one direction, alleviating the local traffic pressure. It is reported that there are currently 14 river-crossing bridges in the main urban area of Chongqing, including 6 on the Yangtze River and 8 on the Jialing River. At present, four bridges are under construction. It is estimated that by 2020, there will be 13 river-crossing bridges in the main urban area of Chongqing. Because of Chongqing's special geographical conditions, we have achieved some world firsts in bridge construction, among which the continuous steel structure length of Huanghuayuan Jialing River Bridge ranks first in the world; Wushan Yangtze River Highway Bridge is the largest half-through concrete-filled steel tubular arch bridge in the world. Caiyuanba Yangtze River Bridge under construction is the world's largest span arch bridge with both highway and railway ... With the improvement of bridge construction technology and the increase of the number of bridges, the "best bridges" in Chongqing will continue to emerge. Chongqing develops because of the bridge, and is vivid because of the bridge. During the day, traffic passes through the bridge, conveying vitality and passion for the city. At night, the colorful light bands and sparkling rivers on the bridge form a dazzling picture, which adds luster to the night in the mountain city. Today's Chongqing people call their city "Bridge Capital".

Chongqing is directly under the central government, which has injected great vitality into the development of Chongqing. Chongqing people are full of enthusiasm for construction. Under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee and Chongqing Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government, great changes have taken place in Chongqing in less than ten years. As a Chongqing native, what I feel most is the great changes in traffic, such as the Ring Expressway, Chengdu-Chongqing Expressway, Chongqing-Wanzhou Expressway, Chongqing-Guizhou Expressway and Chongqing-Hefei Expressway, which have been completed and opened to traffic one after another, going to the whole country and the world. Bridge experts said that the number and variety of bridges in Chongqing are rare in the world. With the completion of bridges and expressways, eight hours in Chongqing and half an hour in the main city have become a reality. Compared with the new line, the completion of the light rail has greatly facilitated citizens' travel and made people feel the convenience brought by convenient transportation.

Four, break through the obstacles of the ridge-ten years of urban construction

1997 65438+On February 27th, Jie Fangbei Pedestrian Street opened. There was a sea of people at that time. Before Chongqing became a municipality directly under the Central Government, Jie Fangbei was positioned as a turntable. After nearly 10 years of development, Jie Fangbei has 36,000 square meters of pedestrian streets. Jie Fangbei Pedestrian Street will continue to grow in the future. The final area may be around 60,000 square meters. The development of Jie Fangbei is a microcosm of Greater Chongqing.

The State Council wrote in the "Reply on Chongqing Urban Master Plan" that Chongqing's urban construction and development should adhere to the sustainable development strategy of coordinating economy, society, population, resources and environment, play the role of a central city in accordance with the requirements of the construction of municipalities directly under the Central Government, improve urban functions, and build Chongqing into a prosperous economy, developed science and education, civilized society, complete facilities and beautiful environment. According to the data of "Mountain City", In 2000, the built-up area of Chongqing's main urban area was 175 square kilometers, and the per capita built-up area was 70 square meters. In 20 10, the built-up area of Chongqing's main urban area was 240 square kilometers, with a per capita built-up area of 75 square meters. In 2000, the total built-up area of the peripheral group was 45 square kilometers, 20 10 was 89 square kilometers, and the per capita built-up area was 75 square meters. In 2020, the per capita built-up area was 83 square meters. Among them, according to the differences of regional towns' development level and regional forms, the regional planning is divided into four major regional forms: the central city of regional cities and its urban dense areas, Wanzhou town group, Fuling town group and Qianjiang town group. The urban agglomerations with Chongqing metropolitan area as the central city include five medium-sized cities, namely Yongchuan, Jiangjin, Hechuan, Changshou and Rongchang, and more than a dozen small cities, including Dazu, Tongliang and Qijiang, and more than 200 small towns. Wanzhou is a central city, including more than ten small cities and more than 200 towns and villages such as Kaixian, Liangping, Zhongxian and Yunyang. Fuling is a central city, including Nanchuan, Wulong, Dianjiang, Fengdu and other small and medium-sized cities and more than 90 towns. Qianjiang county is a central city, including several small cities such as Shizhu, Pengshui, Youyang and Xiushan, and more than 80 towns. The land structure of the main urban area is divided into three districts and twelve groups. To the north of Jialing River is the northern area, including Dashiba, Guanyin Bridge and Tangjiatuo. East of the Yangtze River is the southern region, including Marble Stone, Nanping and Lijiatuo. South of Jialing River and west of Yangtze River are the western regions, including six groups: Yuzhong, Dayang, Dadukou, Zhongliangshan, Shapingba and Shuangbei. Twelve groups continue to maintain a "multi-center, group-style" layout structure. The groups are separated by rivers, greenery and mountains, which are relatively independent and interrelated, so that the working and living land in each group is generally balanced on the spot, and the twelve groups * * * form an organic whole of urban spatial layout.

A Chongqing with reasonable functional divisions and outstanding characteristics is rising in the west. The municipal government will aim to meet the needs of people's life, production and construction, make unified planning, comprehensive development, supporting construction and adjust measures to local conditions, and establish a socialized modern metropolis that combines unity with separation, integration of point and area, and urban integration.

Verb (verb's abbreviation) soaring wings —— A summary of economic development in the past ten years

Chongqing is an important industrial base and national defense scientific research and production base in China, with a solid industrial base. Among the 40 major industries in China, there are 39 in Chongqing, with large assets and strong supporting processing capacity. Industry has made important contributions in every historical period of Chongqing's development. Three stages of industrial development since Chongqing was directly under the central government.

The first stage: implement the "seven batches" project to realize the overall turnaround. Since 1996, Chongqing's industry has suffered losses for four consecutive years. The most serious situation is 1997. The loss of state-owned industrial enterprises in the city exceeded 60%, and the loss amounted to 2.3 billion yuan. After being directly under the central government, Chongqing's industry focused on the market, with its eyes outward and hands inward, to enhance its competitiveness, and persistently carried out two systematic battles. Great adjustments and changes have taken place from the structure to the concept, and finally it is difficult to climb out of the bottom and move towards a new life. To this end, the municipal party committee and municipal government, in view of the reality of Chongqing's industry, carried out the first big battle after Chongqing was directly under the central government-"seven batches": eliminating a batch through merger and bankruptcy, invigorating a batch through debt-to-equity swap, doing a good job in technological transformation, strengthening internal management, separating military and civilian, transforming small and medium-sized enterprises into enterprises, and supporting the strong.

The second stage: implement the "three basics" project and optimize the industrial structure. Since the city's industry turned losses into profits in 2000, the municipal party committee and the municipal government have sized up the situation, put forward and implemented the "three basics" project on the basis of the "seven batches" of work results, intensified the adjustment and transformation of old industries, treated both the symptoms and root causes with one factory and one medicine, and made the industry profitable step by step. In 2003, industrial profits exceeded 2 billion yuan and 3 billion yuan successively. These three foundations are: establishing a reasonable economic structure; Establish an advanced technological progress system; Establish a flexible economic operation mechanism.

The third stage: promoting new industrialization and expanding Chongqing's industry. In 2003, the new municipal party committee and municipal government conscientiously implemented the requirements of taking a new road to industrialization put forward by the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, summed up experience in time, sorted out development ideas, and put forward the guiding ideology of "strengthening the city through industry" and a three-step development strategy. This "three-step" development strategy is as follows: first, by 2005, new progress will be made in enriching the people and prospering Chongqing, the economic growth rate will be higher than the national average, breakthroughs will be made in some key areas in the development of the western region, and significant progress will be made in the "four major events", so that urban and rural people will basically reach a well-off level, laying an important foundation for building an economic center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Second, by 20 10, new breakthroughs will be made in enriching the people and prospering Chongqing, and the total economic output will more than double that of 2000. The development of the western region has achieved remarkable results, and the "four major events" have been basically completed, and the urban and rural people have run towards a well-off life and built the basic framework of the economic center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Third, by 2020, Chongqing's prosperity will reach a new level, its economic aggregate will quadruple compared with that of 2000, the development of the western region will be fully effective, urban and rural people will live a well-off life, some areas will take the lead in basically realizing modernization, and the city's comprehensive strength, overall competitiveness and radiation power will be greatly enhanced, and the economic center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River will be built. On this basis, in order to further refine the working ideas and coordinate the coordinated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, in 2004, the municipal party committee and the municipal government carried out a large-scale investigation on accelerating the new industrialization in Chongqing, brainstormed ideas, and combined with the actual situation in Chongqing, held the Fifth National Committee of the Second Session of the Municipal Party Committee. This paper puts forward the development idea of Chongqing's new industrialization "5444" (that is, realizing five development goals, developing four key industries, grasping four strategic tasks and implementing four safeguard measures), which has effectively promoted the accelerated development of Chongqing's industry, the city's industrial growth rate has continued to climb, the operation quality has continued to improve, and the main economic indicators have reached the highest level since the municipality was directly under the central government.

With the development of industry, the tertiary industry has also developed rapidly. 10 years ago, many people went on business trips abroad and brought some goods back to their friends and colleagues-because some goods were difficult to buy locally; 10 years later, Chongqing people who came back from a business trip didn't know what gifts to bring to their friends and colleagues-there were almost no goods that could not be bought in the dazzling shopping malls in the mountain city. As early as 2005, the sales volume of Jie Fangbei business circle, which is known as "the first street in the west", exceeded 20 billion yuan, which continued to lead the fashion trend. Guanyinqiao and Jie Fangbei have become famous commercial pedestrian streets in China, and the construction of commercial centers in nine districts, counties and central towns such as Wanzhou, Fuling and Qianjiang has been accelerated. Nanbin Road, Beibin Road, high-tech zone information communication and a number of characteristic commercial streets with different styles have many highlights. In the past eight years, the per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of rural residents have increased by 7.8% and 7% annually, reaching 922 1 yuan and 2535 yuan respectively in 2004. The people have further enjoyed the benefits brought by economic development. By the end of 2003, the Engel's coefficient of urban and rural residents decreased by 12.2 and 7.4 percentage points respectively.

VI. Sailing Ships —— Looking forward to the future of Chongqing

Ten years ago in March 1997, the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress approved the establishment of Chongqing municipality. Up to now, Chongqing has been directly under the central government for ten years. Our economic construction and people's mental outlook have undergone profound and tremendous changes. Chongqing used 10 year to prove that the decision of the central government directly under the central government and the decision of developing the western region are correct. Under the new strategic orientation, it will be an important task for Chongqing in the future to solve the world-class problem of Three Gorges immigrants, give full play to the functions of municipalities directly under the Central Government and explore the road of scientific development in the whole country, especially in the central and western regions. Strive to make Chongqing a strategic fulcrum for coordinated regional development in the whole country, an economic center in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and a new municipality directly under the central government for coordinating urban and rural development. The first decade has just begun. ...